1、Revision 现在完成时现在完成时 1现在完成时的基本句式是 “have（has）过去分词”。 如： I have seen that film 我已经看过那部影片了。 We have just finished our homework 我们刚刚做完家庭作业. She has gone home 她回家去了。 注意：1）该句式中的have或has是助动词， has用于第三人称单数，其它人称一律用have。 2）该句式中have（has）和过去分词之间可用just插入。 3）把该句式译成汉语时， 往往用“已经”,“刚刚”,“过”或“了”等. 2现在完成时一般疑问句式是 把助动词have或h
2、as提到主语之前。如： Have you read this story book yet？ 你读过这本故事书吗？ Has he eaten that apple yet？ 他吃那个苹果了吗？ 注意：1）现在完成时的一般疑问句往往在句末加yet。 2）一般疑问句译成汉语时, 往往译成“.过吗？”,“还有.吗？”等. 3）其肯定回答用：Yes，.have（has） 否定回答用：No，.havent（hasnt） 有时用：No，not yet或No，never Lets continue : 3现在完成时的否定句式是 “have（has）+not过去分词”。如： We havent studied
3、 Unit 2 yet 我们还没学习第二单元。 The train hasnt stopped yet 火车还没有停下来。 注意：1）现在完成时的否定句句末往往加yet。 2）否定句常译为“还没有”等。 Lets continue: 现在完成时的用法。 1. 表示过去发生或完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果。 如： Have you read that story？你读过那个故事吗？ (“读” 发生在过去，对现在造成的影响是:是否知道故事的内 容) I have bought two apples我买了两个苹果。 （“买” 发生在过去，对现在造成的结果是：拥有两个苹果） 常与现在完成时连用的
4、副词：already，just，yet，ever，never 等。already，just多用于肯定句中，yet，ever，never多用于 疑问句和否定句中。如： I have already finished my homework 我已经做完家庭作业了。 He has just had his meal 他刚吃过饭。 They havent started yet他们还没有动身。 We have never heard of it我们从来没有听说过这件事。 2现在完成时态既涉及过去，又联系现在，它可表示动作或状 态过去已经开始一直延续到现在，和由 “for+时间段” 或 “since+过
5、去时间点/从句”引导的时间状语连用。例如： We have lived here for five years 我们在这里住了五年了。 I have known him since he was a boy 我从他还是个孩子的时候就认识他了。 注意：现在完成时与一般过去时的区别： 现在完成时强调过去发生的事对现在造成的影响； 一般过去时指过去发生的事实。 请看下面对话中一般过去时和现在完成时的不同。 A：Have you seen the film？ B：Yes，I have A：When did you see it？ B：I saw it a year ago You have lived
6、 in Shenzhen since 1985. You have lived in Shenzhen for fifteen years. (for fifteen years) since 1985 now(2000) 1985 now(2000) since +表示时间点的词或时间状语从句表示时间点的词或时间状语从句 for+表示一段时间的词表示一段时间的词 since+表示时间点的词或时间状语从句表示时间点的词或时间状语从句 for +表示时间段的词表示时间段的词 I have been a teacher since 1995. I have been a teacher since
7、 I came to Shenzhen. I have been a teacher for five years. (1990-2000) He has been a teacher for ten years. He has been a teacher since 1990. He has been a teacher since he left college in 1990. (left college) He has been a painter for two months. (2000.72000.9) (moved to Japan) He has been a painte
8、r since he moved to Japan. He has been a painter since July. (19972000) (came here) (17/09/2000 26/09/2000) He has been a policeman for nine days. He has been a policeman since September 17th, 2000. (19922000) He has been a singer for eight years. He has been a singer since 1992. (won the prize for
9、music) He has been a singer since he won the prize for music in 1992. (19882000) worked in this hospital She has learnt how to dance for five months. She has learnt how to dance since April. How long has she learnt how to dance? (2000.4-2000.9) How long has she learnt how to dance? How long have you
10、 learnt English? 中学中学 How long have you learnt English at this school? How long have they been married? How long has the Olympic Games been held? How long has he had the dog? Exercises. Use “since” or “ for” to fill in the blank. 1)His mother has been ill _ a month. 2) We have had a rest _ we came b
11、ack. 3) They have known each other _ they were children. 4) She has taught English in this school _ about ten years. 5) He has worked in that hospital _ he left college. 6) My mother has been a doctor _ many years. for since since for since for 3延续性动词与非延续性动词在现在完成时中的使用。 （1）延续性动词：be，have，know，live， wo
12、rk，study，learn，teach，speak，talk，draw， wait，wear，walk，sleep等，这些动词可以和表示一段时 间的状语连用。例如： Uncle Wang has worked in this factory for ten years 王伯伯在这家工厂工作十年了。 （2）非延续性动词：come，go，arrive， reach，see，hear，close，leave，begin，start，lose， buy，fall，join，die等，这些动词可用于完成时态， 说明某个动作的结果还存在，但不能和表示一段时间的状语连 用。例如： 【正】The play
13、has begun 戏开演了。（戏正在演着） 【误】The play has begun for half an hour 戏开演半小时了。 【正】 The play has been on for half an hour. 4非延续性动词表示状态有三种方法： （1）用相应的延续性动词来替换非延续性动词。 句中的谓语动词一般用现在完成时，时间状语为 “for 时间段”或“since 时间点（过去某一时刻或非延续性 动词的一般过去时从句）”或用在how long的问句中。例如： They have been here for five years他们来这里已经五年了。 （这里come这一非延续
14、性动词改成了be。） （2） 常见的非延续性动词与延续性动词转换如下： come come to go out leave begin / start buy borrow join die put on catch a cold get to know become a teacher fall asleep go to sleep be be in at be out be away be on have keep be a member of /be amember be dead wear have a cold know be a teacher be asleep sleep。 （2）用“非延续性动词的一般过去时一段时间 ago”这一句型（即用一般过去时）。例如： They came here five years ago 他们是五年前来这里的。 （3）用“It is（has been）时间段since从句（从句的谓语动 词用非延续性动词的过去式）”这一句型。例如： It is five years since they came here 自从他们来到这里已经有五年了。
