1、期中备考期中备考-人教版八年级下册人教版八年级下册 unit 2 核心考点总结归纳核心考点总结归纳 【语法】【语法】 一、作主语 为避免句子头重脚轻，常用 it 作为形式主语，而真正主语-动词不定式后置。 常用句型： It takes sb. some time to do sth. It +be+adj./n.+(for/of sb.) to do sth. （此句型注意使用介词 for 和 of 的区别：用“for”时表示“对于某人来说，做 某事是怎样的” ，此时的形容词修饰 sth；用“of”时表示“某人做某事，某人是 怎样的” ，此时的形容词修饰 sb.） Eg.It took me
2、three hours to finish my homework. Its difficult for me to finish this alone. Its kind of you to help me when I was in trouble. 二、作宾语 动词 agree ； offer ； intend， plan ； help； prepare ； decide ； refuse ； choose ； wish，hope，want， expect ； fail ；demand， ask (要求)； promise (答应)；pretend (假装)；dare (敢于)； man
3、age (设法做成)； determine （决心） 等后面常接动词不定式作宾语。 【记忆口诀】 同意提出做计划， 要求答应来帮忙。 准备决定遭拒绝， 敢于选择有希望。 不能做到莫假装， 设法做成决心强。 Eg.I plan to go to Sydney together with my parents next week. 三、作（后置）定语 “have/hassth.to do”或“enough名to do” “Its time to do sth.” 等结构。 Eg.I have something important to do. Its time to tidy up your o
4、wn room. 四、作宾语补足语 tell, ask, want, invite, teach, like, call 等可接带 to 的动词不定式作宾语补足语， 构成 tell/ask/want /call/invite sb. to do sth.结构。 【注意】动词不定式作使役动词和感官动词的宾语补足语时应省去 to： 一感(feel) 二听(listen to, hear) 三让(let, make, have) 四看(look at, see, watch, notice) 半帮助(help) Eg.Thank you for helping me carry my bag. 五、
5、动词不定式作状语 主要用来修饰动词，表示目的，结果或原因。 为了强调目的， 有时可以把动词不定式放在句首， 或在不定式前加 in order (to) 或 so as (to) “为了，目的是”。 常用结构有 too + adj./adv. + to do sth.等。 六、固定句式中动词不定式的用法 常见的形式有： had better (not) do sth. 最好（不）做 Would you like to do sth.? 你想做？ Why not do sth.? 为什么不做? Would you please (not) do sth.? 请你（不）做.好吗？ 【短语】【短语】
6、在岁 at the age of 参与选拔；试用 try out 打电话 call up 照顾，照料 care for/look after/take care of 同时 at the same time 一个强烈的满足感 a strong feeling of satisfaction （外貌/行为）像take after 提出，相出 come up with 为发愁 be worried about 与相似 be similar to 对感到兴奋 be excited about 清洁、打扫 clean up 使振奋、高兴 cheer up 用光，用尽 run out (of) 建立；设
7、立 set up 残疾人 disabled people 修理、装饰 fix up 分发、散发 give/ hand out 捐赠、赠送 give away 帮助某人摆脱困境 help sb. Out 对有影响/作用 make a difference to 推迟 put off 张贴；搭建 put up 为而筹钱 raise money for 过去、曾经 used to 志愿去做某事 volunteer to do 【重点语句分析】【重点语句分析】 Who wrote the letter to Miss Li? (P. 14) write a letter to sb.=write sb
8、. a letter=write to sb. “给某人写信” Shes writing to her parents.她正在给她父母写信。 They told me stories about the past and how things used to be. 辨析： used to do sth；be used to do sth；与 be /get used to doing sth used to do sth. 过去常常做某事 记忆口诀：used to do 常常过； be used to do 被用做； be used to doing 习惯做 be used to do st
9、h. 被用来做某事 be /get used to doing sth. 习惯于做某事 The girl could volunteer in an after-school study program to teach kids. volunteer 用作动词，表示“义务做、自愿做”，后接不定式作宾语 volunteer to do sth.“志愿做某事”； 作名词，表示“志愿者”，为可数名词。 Tom volunteered to help us. I take after my mother. take after 意为“长得像”。 Mary takes after her dad.Ma
10、ry 长得像她爸爸. Lets make some notices, too. also, too, as well 与 either 都可以表示“也”，但是用法不同。 also 放在句中行为动词前，be 动词、助动词和情态动词之后。 He also wants to go. too 用于肯定句中，放在句尾，前面用逗号隔开。 He wants to go, too. as well 用于肯定句中，放在句尾，前面不用逗号隔开。 He wants to go as well. either 用于否定句句末，句前不用逗号隔开。 He doesnt want to go either Our clas
11、s is trying to. try to do sth. “尽力做某事” The doctors tried to save the weak gril.医生尽力挽救（save）生病的女孩。 try doing sth. “尝试做某事” The boy tries plying the piano.男孩尝试弹钢琴。 She talked to Animal Helpers about getting me a special trained dog. train 用作及物动词，表示“训练、培训” train sb./sth. to do sth.“训练某人/某物做某事”。 They tra
12、in the dogs to open the door. Last year, she decided to try out for a volunteer after-school reading program. try out for 意为“参加选拔、争取成为”。 Many boys tried out for the football team. Im similar to her. (P. 13) be similar to 意为“与相似”，be similar in“在方面类似”。 Her ideas are similar to mine. The twins are simi
13、lar in appearances. I get such a strong feeling of satisfaction when I see the animals get better and the look of joy on their owners faces. such 用作形容词，表示“这样、如此”，用来修饰名词，可以修饰可数名词单数， 也可以修饰可数名词复数或者不可数名词。 Its such a nice day. I hope to have such delicious food every day. Lucky makes a big difference to
14、my life. make a difference to 意为“对有影响、对起作用”，后接名词、代词、动名词 作宾语。 Changing schools made a difference to my life. The rain made no difference to the game. Yeah, a lot of old people are lonely. lonely 作形容词表示“孤独的、荒凉的、偏僻的”； alone 既可以作形容词也可以作副词，作形容词时只能作表语，不能作定语。 He feels lonely at home himself. His grandfathe
15、r was alone. Mr. Smith lives alone. You helped to make it possible for me to have Lucky. 有些动词后面接复合宾语时， 常用 it 作形式宾语， 而真正的宾语则由动词不定式 来担当，并位于宾语补足语之后。 常见的这样的动词有 find，think，feel，make 等。 I find it interesting to play computer games We all think it very difficult to finish the work in an hour. Oh, what did
16、they ask you to help out with? help out 意为“帮忙分担、帮某人摆脱困境”。 Bill helped me out when I was in trouble. I didnt keep it. keep sth. 保留某物 You can keep the book until the next weekend. keep doing sth. 一直做某事 The thief still kept stealing things after he went out of the prison（监狱）. keep+adj. 保持 The girl eats
17、 a little to keep slim（苗条的）. keep sb./sth.+adj./介词短语 保持某人/某物 We should keep the window open while we are asleep. keep sb. doing sth. 保持某人做某事 The mother kept the baby crying on the bed. You could help to clean up the city parks. (1) help sb. with sth. 帮助某人某事 Could you please help me with my homework?
18、 你能在家庭作业方面帮助我吗？ help sb. (to) do sth. 帮助某人做某事 He often helps her mom do housework.他常常帮助他妈妈做家务。 (2)clean up 意为“打扫干净” Nancy, please clean up your room. I gave it away. give away 意为“捐赠、赠送”，还可以表示“泄露（秘密）”。 My younger sister gave her clothes away to the poor kids. 我的妹妹把她的衣服捐赠给了穷孩子们。 Or imagine you cant wa
19、lk or use your hands easily. imagine 表示“想象”时，后常接动名词或者从句作宾语。 You cant imagine how fast the player ran. The boy could give out food at the food bank. give out 意为“分发、散发”，相当于 hand out。 There are some books,please give them out to the students. 这有一些书。请把它们分发给同学们。 The girl could visit the sick kids in the
20、hospital to cheer them up. cheer up 意为“使开心, 使振作、振奋”，代词用作宾语时，要当在 cheer 和 up 之 间。 Cheer up! Everything will be OK. I fixed it up. fix up 意为“修理”，代词作宾语时，放在 fix 和 up 中间。 My computer doesnt work. Can you fix it up for me? We need to come up with a plan for the City park Clean-Up Day. come up with 表示“相出、提出
21、（主意或者想法）”。 Maybe hell come up with a good idea.或许他会提出一个好的主意。 I cant use my arms or legs well, so normal things like answering the telephone, opening and closing doors, or carrying things are difficult for me. bring 表示“带来”，强调从别的地方带到说话的地方，常与副词 here 连用； take 表示“带走”，强调从说话的地方带去别的地方，常与副词 there 连用； carry 表
22、示“搬、抬”，没有方向性。 The students brought their homework to school in the morning and take them home after school. 学生早上把作业带来学校，放学后带作业回家。 We should listen to them and care for them. (P. 10) care for 意为“照顾、照料”，后接名词或者代词作宾语 相当于 look after 或者 take care of。 She looks after her younger brother after school every
23、day. 她每天放学后照顾她的弟弟。 I can do what I love to do and help others at the same time. at the same time 意为“同时”。 You cant do your homework and watch TV at the same time. 你不能同时写作业和看电视。 She could read by herself at the age of four. at the age of 表示“在岁时”，表示年龄。 He started school at the age of six. After six mon
24、ths of training with a dog at Animal Helpers, I was able to bring him home. be able to 意为“能，会”，表示能力，与 can 同义。 In the future, students will be able to study at home with the help of computers. 【拓展】 辨析：be able to 与 can be able to 强调通过努力而获得的能力 can 强调自身已具有的能力。 She can sing the song in English. He will be able to sing this song in English, too.
