1、Unit2 Ill help to clean up the city parks知识清单+习题 一、必记单词一、必记单词 cheer v. 欢呼；喝彩 volunteer v. 义务做； 自愿做n 志愿 者 lonely adj，孤独的；寂寞的 several pron几个，数个，一些 satisfaction n满足；满意 raise v. 募集；征集 alone adv 独自；单独 difficulty n困难难题 imagine v，想象；设想 excited adj激动的兴奋的 sign n. 标志，信号 strong adj.强烈的，强壮的 notice n.通知， 通告， 注意
2、v.注意到， 意识到 feeling n. 感觉，感触 joy n. 高兴，愉快 owner n.物主，主人 journey n. （尤指长途）旅行，行程 repair v. 修理，修补 fix v. 修理，安装 broken adj. 破损的，残缺的 wheel n. 车轮，轮子 letter n. 信函 Miss n. 女士，小姐 disabled adj. 丧失能力的，有残疾 的 blind adj. 瞎的，失明的 deaf adj. 聋的 carry v.拿，提，扛 train v.训练，培训 training n.训练，培训 kindness n. 仁慈，善良 clever adj.
3、聪明的，聪颖的 understand v. 理解，领会 change v后面常跟动词不定式作宾语的动词（词组）动词（词组）有：want，hope， begin， learn，try， decide， forget, remember, like, love, expect, agree, refuse, wish, plan, afford, choose, would like，need， start 等 He began to learn English at the age of four 有的及物动词要求跟复合宾语（即宾语十宾语补足语） 。如果其中的宾语是动词不定式短语，必须将形式宾语
4、形式宾语it 放在宾语的位置上，而将动词不定式短语（真正的宾语）放在宾语补足语之后。I find it useful to learn English well （2） 动词不定式作宾语补足语;后面常跟动词不定式作宾语补足语的动词动词有： ask， tell， want， expect， like， wish， would like等 He asked me to talk about English study （3）动词不定式作主语:To master a language is not an easy thing. 动词不定式作主语时可以放在后面，而用用it作形式作形式主语放在原主语的位
5、置上Its necessary to find the witness （4）动词不定式作定语 动词不定式作定语，要放在它所修饰的名词或代词的后面后面 I have nothing to say on this question. （5）动词不定式作状语 动词不定式及其短语具有副词有副词的特性，可在句中作状语。 1)放在句首或句尾表示目的等。 To catch the train, he got up early. =He got up early to catch the train. 为了赶火车，他早早地起床了。 2)跟在作表语的形容词或过去分词的后面，作原因状语。 Im sorry to
6、 hear that听到那件事我很难过 3)用在tooto结构中，作结果状语。 He is too young to understand all that. 他太年轻了，不能理解那一切。 动词不定式可以和疑问词疑问词what， which，when， where，how等连用。等连用。 I dont know what to do next我不知道接下来该做什么 2不定式不带to的情况 （1）在固定词组 had better之后，注意： had better do sth的否定形式是 had better not do sth You had better go home now你最好现在回
7、家 Its cold outside You d better not go out外面很冷，你最好不要出去 （2）在使役动词使役动词let，make，have或感官动词或感官动词see，feel， watch， notice，hear等后面等后面作宾语补足语时，不带to。 I made them give me the money back我迫使他们把钱还给了我。 I didnt see you come in我没看见你进来 （3）在引导疑问句的 why not之后 “Why not不带to的不定式？”与 Why don t you do ？同义，可以用来提出建议或劝告 Why not go
8、 with us？为什么不和我们一起去呢？ Why not take a holiday? =Why dont you take a holiday?为什么不休个假呢？ （4）动词不定式在help后作宾语补足语时，可带后作宾语补足语时，可带to也可不带也可不带to Could you help me（to） carry the heavy box？你能帮我这个重箱子吗？ 练习题练习题： 1. When you leave， please turn off the lights_energy A. save B. to save C. saving D. saved 2. -Mary is ve
9、ry generous. -Yes, she gave away all her money she owned_people in need. A. to help B, to helping C helped D helping 3. He made us_by making faces. A to laughB laughingC. laughD laughed 五、五、要点全解要点全解 1. The boy could give out food at the food bankA（9）这个男孩可以在食品救济站分发食 give out意为“散发；分发” ，相当于 hand out是“动
10、词十副词”结构的短语 Can you give the drinks out， please？请你分发一下饮料好吗？ 【拓展】 give out的其他含义： （1）为“发出（光、热、声音、气味等） ” 。The sun gives out light and heat to the earth太阳给地球以光和热 （2）意为“用完，耗尽” Our supplies began to give out我们的补给要用完了。 2.Lets make some notices, too.A（10） 咱们也制作一些布告吧。 notice此处用作可数名词，意为“通知；通告；布告” 。There is a n
11、otice on the wall, saying “No Parking. I ll put up a notice about the meeting. 【拓展】 notice作动词，意为“注意到；意识到” 。其常见用法有 notice sb do doing sth注意到某人做了正在做某事 Did you notice Jack come in？你注意到杰克进来了吗？ I didnt notice you carrying a box when you came in.你进来时我没注意到你扛着一个箱子。 noticethat从句注意到 I noticed that he left the
12、 room我注意到他离开了房间 3. They told me stories about the past and how things used to beA(10)他们给我讲过去的生活经历，讲过去是什么 样子的。 used to在此表示过去一度存在但现在已经消失的某一特定的情形。作这一用法时，used to常与be，have，live，stay， like， love等词连用，表示“曾；曾经” We used to be very good friends when we were at school 我们在上学的时候曾是十分要好的朋友 I used to live in Hangzho
13、u我曾住在杭州 【拓展】 used to还可用来表示“过去常常”做某事，但现在不那样做了。 She used to come here every week她过去每周都到这儿来 注意注意：used to的否定结构通常是 didnt use to：在英式英语中也常用 used not to（缩写形式为 usednt to） You didnt to eat chips when you were young你小时候不吃炸薯条 He used not to smoke他过去并不吸烟 4. give up several hours each week to help others.A（11） 每周
14、都腾出几个小时的时间去帮助他人。 （1） several此处用作形容词，意为“几个；数个；一些” ，修饰可数名词复数形式 Several days later, Grace went to the library and borrowed some books.几天后，格雷丝去图书馆借了一些书。 【拓展】 several作代词，意为“几个；数个” Several of us went there我们中的几个去了那里 （2）辨析：辨析：each与与every 两者均可表示“每一，每个” ，但用法不同 each形容词或代词，强调个性，着眼于整体中的个体，Each school has its ow
15、n library. 每一所学校都有自己的图书馆 He gave two to each他给了每人两个 every形容词，强调共性，着眼于整体，Every child was dressed in a costume.所有孩子都穿了演出服 注意：注意：1）each不能与 almost，nearly及not搭配使用，而 every可以。 Almost every window was broken几乎每扇窗户都破了。 Not every student went on holiday 并非每个学生都去度假了。 2）each不能用于否定句，在否定句中应用none，None of the books
16、 are mine没有一本书是我的。 5. but I want to learn more about how to care for animalsA（11）但是我想更多地了解如何照顾动物。 how to care for animals是“疑问词十动词不定式”结构，在句中作宾语。英语中疑问代词 what， who， which和疑 问副词 where，when，why，how等后面接动词不定式构成动词不定式短语，在句中可作主语，宾语、表语等成分。 When to start is the key problem何时出发是关健问题。 I didn t decide where to liv
17、e，我没有决定住在哪儿。 The difficulty is how to do more work with less money. 困难在于如何用更少的钱办更多的事 注意注意： “疑问词十动词不定式”结构常用于tell， know， show， learn， teach， explain等后作宾语，此时该结 构相当于一个宾语从句，它所表示的动作通常是未发生的动作，所以在转換成宾语从句时，通常加情态动词或用将 来时态。 He didnt know what to say. =He didnt know what he should say. 他不知道该说什么 6.Volunteering h
18、ere is a dream come true for meA（11）在这里当志愿者对我来说是梦想成真。 1）本句是一个动名词作主语的句子，单个的动名词（短语）作主语时，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式 Eating too much isnt good for you，吃太多对你没有好处 2） a dream come true意为“梦想成为现实；梦想成真” ，是一种常见的表达方式。come true意为“实现,成为现实” 。 Ive always wanted to visit Beijing, so going there on vacation next week will be a dr
19、eam come true for me我一直都想去 北京，所以下周去那儿度假对我来说将是梦想成真 His dream of becoming a teacher came true他当教师的梦想实现了。 7.Im making some signs to put up around the school.A(12)我正在制作一些标语，以张贴在学校周围。 put up此处意为”张贴” ，是“动词十副词”结构的短语, Look! There is a man putting up the notice. 看！ 有人正在张贴布告。 Can I put up some posters？我能张贴几张海
20、报吗？ put up的其他含义：搭建，升起，举起，盘起， 【拓展】1）由put构成的常用短语还有： put off推迟 put away收起来，放好 put on穿上，上演，发胖 put ones heart into全神贯注于 put down放下 put out熄灭 put back放回原处，把（钟）拨慢 put into输入 2）由up构成的常用短语还有： get up起床,起来 cut up切碎 dress up装扮 grow up长大 give up放弃 clean up打扫干净 cheer up振奋起来，高兴起来 call up打电话 pick up捡起；拾起 fix up修理；装
21、怖 set up建起；设立 shut up 闭嘴； wake up 醒来； fuck up 搞砸； screw up 弄糟； hurry up 赶快； come up 升起； break up 分手； bring up提出； take up 开始从事； speed up 加速； speak up 说大声点； ease up 放松； lock up 锁起来； get caught up 陷入； turn up 出现、出席； mix up 混淆； fix up 修好. 8. Our class is trying to come up with some ideas to cheer up sic
22、k children because they are often sadA(12)我们班 正在努力想出一些主意使生病的孩子高兴起来，因为他们经常难过。 此处try作及物动词，意为“尝试：打算：努力做” 。 Don t try to excuse yourself别试图为你自己找借口 I tried hard not to laugh我极力忍住不笑。 拓展拓展:try作不及物动词，意为“尝试” 。 He tried but didn t succeed他试了试，但没成功。 try作可数名词，意为“尝试；努力” Let me have a try让我试一试。 辨析：辨析： try to do s
23、th与 try doing sth try to do sth “努力做某事；试图做某事” ，但不一定能成功 She tried to carry the basket 她尽力提起这个蓝子 try doing sth.“试着（用某种方法或手段）做某事” The boy tried making a model plane 这个男孩尝试着制作一个飞机模型 9. However， few people think about what they can do to help othersA(12)然而，很少有人考虑他们能做什么来 帮助别人。 few此处作形容词，意为“少数的；不多的” ，表示否定意
24、义，修饰可数名词复数形式。few也可作代词，意为“少 数的人事物” ，作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。 Few of the students are at school没有几个学生在学校里。 辨析辨析：few， a few， little与 a little 修饰可数名词复数形式修饰可数名词复数形式 修饰不可数名词修饰不可数名词 否定（几乎没有；少） few little 肯定（有几个；少量） a few a little There are few eggs on the plate, so I must buy some盘子里没几个鸡蛋了，所以我必须买一些。 There are a few
25、 eggs on the plate, so I neednt buy any at once.盘子里还有几个鸡蛋，所以我不必立刻买。 There s little milk in the glass杯子里没多少牛奶了。 There s a little milk in the glass杯子里有一点牛奶。 助记助记：few，a few， little与 a little的用法区别 few， little表否定，前面加a变肯定。可数名词复数前，用（a）few修饰记心间，不可数名词来报到，其前要用（a） little 10. I want to travel aloneA（12）我想独自旅行。
26、alone此处用作副词，意为“单独；独自” ，在句中作状语。 He likes living alone他喜欢独自生活 拓展拓展: alone作副词，还可用在名词或代词之后，意为“只有；仅仅” 。 He alone understands me唯有他理解我。 ）alone 作形容词，意为“独自的；单独的” ，在句中只能作表语。 She was alone in the dark room她独自一人待在那间黑暗的屋子里。 辨析辨析： alone与 lonely alone: 形容词，单独的；独自的；副词，单独；独自，强调客观情况，数量上就一个 lonely形容词,孤独的；寂寞的,强调主观感情，心
27、灵上的孤独，具有伤感色彩 He lives alone but he doesnt feel lonely他独自生活，但并不感到孤独。 11. . so normal things like answering the telephone, opening and closing doors, or carrying things are difficult for meB（14）因此，像接电话、开关门或搬东西这些平常的事对我来说很困难。 carry及物动词，意为“拿；提；扛” He always carries a small box in his hand他手里总是拿着一个小盒子 辨析：辨
28、析： carry， bring，take与与get carry 拿；提；扛，表示携带、搬运、运载，具有负重的含义，没有方向性 Please carry this bag for me 请为我提一下这个袋子 bring 拿来，带来,指把人或物从别处带到说话者所在的地方 Bring the book to me， please请给我把书拿过来 take拿走；带走,指把人或物从说话者所在的地方带到别处 Take my box to the room 把我的箱子拿到房间去 get去取来；去拿来,指到某地去把某人或某物带来或拿来 She has gone to get water她去打水了 六、六、单元
29、习题单元习题 1. The students are_the leaflets to people over there to ask them to protect our earth. A printing out B giving out C selling out D. putting out 2. She used to_a bus to school, but now she is used to_to school A. taking: walk B take walk C taking walking D. take; walking 3. What did your fath
30、er say？He asked us_ A. how to fix up the bicycles B why we fix up the bicycles C that we fixed up the bicycles D. where did we fix up the bicycles 4. We have to_the sports meeting because of the bad weather. A put on B. put off C. put out 5. The girl in purple is new here，so_people know her A. few B
31、, a few C. little D. a little 6. Doing eye exercises_one of the useful ways to protect our eyes. A is B are Cwere 1. He failed in the math test and looks sad. Lets_A put him up B, set him up C cheer him up D clean him up 2. The girl is_a nice girl_we all want to help her.A such; that B. too: to C. s
32、o; that D very; that 3. Please tell me_to improve my English.A what I can do B. what can I do C. how I can do D, how can I do 4. Seeing their teacher_into the classroom, they stopped_ at once A. walk; telling B entering; to speak C. enter; to tell D. walking: talking 5. 从所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出与句子面线部分意
33、义最相近的解释。 Yesterday I used up all the salt to cook dumplings. I need to buy some now.A ate up B run out of Cran of D ran out of 6. 一 Thanks for_me with my English.Its my pleasure. I m glad youve made such great progress. A help B to help C helping 7. The Internet is so closely connected with our dail
34、y life. Can you_a life without it? A understand B. imagine Cconsider Dexpect 用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空 1. Staying with animals often gives me a _(feel) of fear. 2. Tom is the _(own) of the car. He has had it for two months 3. He smiled in _(satisfied) when he won the game. 4. Where there is a _( difficult), t
35、here is a way out. 5. The players are in _(train) for the next match. 单项填空 6. -Do you think Tony is a_boy? -Yes, he does well in all his subjects. A. clever B. lonely C strong D disabled 7. -Excuse me. Can I borrow some books? -Sorry. There are_books left. We cant lend you any one. A. a fewB. a litt
36、leC. fewD. little 8. The woman in red_a teacher. She works in a hospital now.A. used to beB is used to be C was used to be D is 9. The old man lives_,but he doesnt feel_A. alone: alone B lonely; lonely C. lonely: alone D. alone: lonely 10. -Why did you organize the party? -To_some money for the poor
37、 childrenA. control B. cheer C. raise D carry 11. Your help makes_possible for her to pass the exam. A. this B, that C. one D it 12. You can_how our lives will be if there is no electricity.A. imagine B, think C. tell D,talk 3. The girl is_.She cant use her legs or arms well.Ainteresting B, disabled
38、 C brave D, great 14. We all feel_about the_news. A. excited,excited B exciting excitingCexcited exciting D, exciting excited 15. -The box is too heavy. I cant_it. -dont worry. I can help you.A take B. bring C carry D. get 1. (2018 广东肇庆四中期中) They decided_ the kids learn to read A. to help B to helpi
39、ng C help D helped 2. (2017 重庆江津实验中学月考)Tom， your room is too dirty. You must_ A clean up it B clean up them C clean them up D clean it up 3. (2018 新乌鲁木弃四中期中)Look! Mary is unhappy. Lets go and_ A cheer up him B, cheer him up C. cheer up her D cheer her up 4. (2018 宁葫芦岛建昌期中) Could you_ these books to
40、the class? A give out B, give off C, give in D, give up 5. (2018 四川南充实验外国语学校期中) People_ a lot of meetings because of the dangerous illness A turned off B set off C .put off D took off 6. (2017 山东济宁嘉祥月考) Pollution is a serious problem. Scientists should_ some good ways to solve it A come up B. come o
41、n C.come out D come up with 7. (2017 湖北随州中考)- -Could you tell me_? -Look! He is playing volleyball over there A. what is Tom doing B how Tom did it C where Tom is D why Tom is doing it 8. (2018 吉林长春九台区期中) She used to_ in the morning, but now she is used to_ at night A read: read B read: reading C re
42、ading: read Dreading; reading 9. 同义句转换 He doesnt know what he should do next He doesnt know_ _ _ next 10. (2018 四川南充实验外国语学校期中) Kate didnt go to the movies last night because she had to_ her sick dog at home A look at B look up C look out D. care for 11. Chen Xiao is_ famous actor that many young peo
43、ple like him A. so B. so a C such D. such a 12. (2017 广西贵港平南月考)-Who does Bob_, his father or his mother? -His mother. He has big eyes like his mother. A look after B look for C take after D take away 13. (2017 重庆江津实验中学月考)He_ plenty of money to the people in the earthquake area(地区)_ A put out; to hel
44、p with them B, handed out; help them out C gave out; help with them D gave away; to help them out 14. (2017 吉林名校调研月考) The little baby isnt similar_ her mother, but she takes_ her grandmother. A to: to B after: to C to; after 15. (2018 江苏南京中考)- -Simon， do you know who invented the kite? -Sure! It_ by
45、 Mozi over 2, 000 years ago A is invented B invented C was invented D will be invented 16. (2018 四川南充实验外国语学校期中) Some people plan to_ a volunteer program to help the disabled children Aput up B think up Cset up D. cheer up 17.(2018 贵州施乗三中月考) The use of computers makes_ possible for more people to wor
46、k at home A.it B that C. this D one 18. (2018 吉林长春九台区期中) A smartphone makes a big_ to our life. A difference B decision C subject D difficulty 19.(2018 江苏苏州中考)- Im Daisy， not Jessie -Sorry, I have difficulty_ peoples names. A. remembering B. remember C to remember D remembered 20.(2017 陕西西安七十中月考)Wha
47、t_ news! -Yes. All of the children were_ A excited; exciting B exciting; excited C excited; excited D exciting; exciting 21. (2018 广东肇庆四中期中) Its impossible for us_ there on foot in two hours A. to get B get C getting D got 22. (2017 江苏盐城滨海第二教研片月考)-Do you decide what_ during the winter holiday? -Yes,
48、 I plan to travel to Hainan A do B to do C doing D. done 23.(2018 重庆中考A卷) It was raining. My father asked me_ a raincoat A take B takes C took D to take 24.(2017 山东邹城八中月考) The bike didnt work. I had to_ A fix it up B fix up it C set it up D. cheer it up 25.(2018 山东济南二十七中期中) My grandmother feels_ because she lives_ in the countryside A lonely; alone B lonely: lonely C alone: alone D alone: lonely 26.(2018 重庆中考B卷) Please_ the TV. Its time to go to bed A turn on B. turn off C put on D put off 27. Please_ these things to your sister. She isnt at home. Now she i
