1、Unit 3 Language in use Module 2 Education 语法归纳语法归纳 一、 代词 代词有人称代词、指示代词、物主代词、反身代词、 不定代词和疑问代词等。 不定代词辨析不定代词辨析 1.some & any 都表示“一些”，可指可数名词和不可数名词，可做主语 和宾语。some多用于肯定句，any多用于否定句、疑问 句和条件句。 e.g. Some of the students can speak German. 一些学生会说德语。 Are there any meat in the fridge？ 冰箱里有肉吗？ 2.neither & none 都表示否定意思
2、，区别在于：neither表示对两者的否定 ，而none表示对三者及以上的否定。 e.g. I saw two boys at the door， but neither of them is my brother.我看见两个男孩在门口，但是他们两 个都不是我的弟弟。 None of the students in my class wants/want to take part in this trip. 我们班没有一个学生想去参加这 次旅行。 3. (a) little & (a) few a little和a few表示肯定的概念，而little和few表示否定 的概念。此外，(a) l
3、ittle用于修饰不可数名词，而(a) few用于修饰可数名词。 e.g. There is little milk in the glass. 玻璃杯里几乎没有牛奶。 He has many friends； but few are true friends/but only a few are true friends.他有许多朋友，但是 没有几个真正的朋友/但是只有几个是真正的朋 友。 4.both & all both表示“两者都”，而all表示“全体，一切”，指三者及 以上，all还可以指不可数的事物。both和all还可以用于 主语后。 e.g. All of the boys w
4、ent to the cinema yesterday evening. 昨天晚上所有男孩都去看电影了。 Which of the two shirts do you like？这两件衬 衫你喜欢哪一件？I like both.都喜欢。 We both/ all passed the exam.我们两个都/都通过 了考试。 5.each & either 都表示“每一个”，each可以表示两者或两者以上中的“ 每一个”。而either只能表示两者中的“每一个”。 e.g. Each of us/ We each got a beautiful card on that special day.
5、 在那个特殊的日子我们每个人都得到 一张漂亮的卡片。 Which of the two shirts do you want？这两件衬 衣你想要哪件？Either will do. 哪一件都可以 。 注意： either表示二选一，表示“两者都”要用both。 二二、 介词与介词短语介词与介词短语 介词是一种用来表示人物介词是一种用来表示人物、事件之间关系的词事件之间关系的词。 1. 介词短语及用法介词短语及用法 不能单独构成句子成分，必须以介词短语的形式来构 成句子成分。“介词+名词”构成的介词短语在句中可作 状语、定语和表语等。 (1)作状语 e.g. He wrote long poem
6、s for children. 他为孩子们写长诗。 (2)作定语 e.g. He seems to know the solution to the problem. 他似乎知道这个问题的解决办法。 (3)作表语 e.g. Tom and Jack are from England. 汤姆和杰克来自英国。 2. 介词的兼词现象介词的兼词现象 有些单词既可作连词也可作介词，而有些单词既可作 介词又可做副词，要注意区分它们在句中的不同功能 。 (1)after & before after和before既可作连词，也可作介词。作连词时后接 从句，作介词时后接名词或动词的ing形式。 e.g. Wh
7、at did you do after you called the police？报警 之后你做了什么？ (after为连词，连接状语从句 ) I am going to the playground to play basketball after school. 放学后我准备去操场打篮球。(after 为介词，与名词school构成介词短语作状语) (2)above & below above和below可作介词，也可作副词。 e.g. Do not write below the line. 不要写在线下面。 (below和the line构成介词短语作状语) Please write
8、 to me at the address below. 请按照下 面的地址给我写信。(below为副词) 这类兼作介词和副词的单词很多，如about， down， up， in， off， on， over， through， under等。 3.介词考点介词考点 (1)in+颜色、服装，表示“穿什么颜色的衣服”。 e.g. My mother is in yellow. 我的妈妈穿黄色的衣服。 (2)with 表示“带有”，其反义词without意为“没有”。 e.g. She is a girl with long hair. 她是个长发女孩。 表示“用以，借助于”， 其后接具体的工具。
9、 e.g. I write the letter with a pen. 我用钢笔写信。 表示“和一起”。 e.g. I often go to school with my sister. 我经常和我妹妹一起去学校。 表示“伴随”。 e.g. He came in with a book in his hand. 他进来时手里拿着一本书。 (3)besides意为“除之外，还”，指在整体中加入一部 分； except意为“除之外”，指从整体中除去一部 分。 e.g. Besides America，I went to Russia and Japan for vacation. 除了美国，我
10、还去了俄罗斯和日本度 假。 I have been to all the western countries except America.除了美国，其他西方国家我都已经去过 了。 (4)instead of意为“代替，而不是”，后接名词、代词或动 名词；而instead 是副词，意为“代替，顶替”，在句子 中作状语，修饰整个句子，有转折的作用。 e.g. They advise me to show them around the city instead of only showing them pictures about it. 他 们建议我带他们参观这个城市，而不是只给他 们看一些城
11、市的图片。 She didnt stay at home. Instead， she traveled to a foreign country. 她没有待在家里，而是去国 外旅游了。 (5)在this，that，next，last等组成的时间状语前不用介词 。 e.g. We didnt go anywhere this morning. 今天早上我们哪儿都没有去。 Miss Wang is going to have a long meeting next month. 王小姐下个月要开一次时间较长的会议 。 (6)yesterday， tomorrow及其构成的短语前面不用介词。 e.g
12、. Could you lend me your car tomorrow afternoon？ 明天下午把你的车借我用一下可以吗？ (7)常用介词短语归纳 介词+名词 e.g. at home， at school， at work， at times， at noon， at night 等 be+形容词+介词 e.g. be surprised at， be excited about， be angry at， be angry with， be afraid of， be busy with等 动词+介词 e.g. agree with， ask for， begin with， c
13、ome from等 介词+名词+介词 e.g. at the beginning of， at the end of， at the age of， in the middle of， in order to， in the center of 等 注意： 1. in front of和in the front of均意为“在的前面”，两者 的区别： in front of所指的内容不存在包含关系，而in the front of所指的内容存在包含关系。 2. in the tree和on the tree均意为“在树上”，前者指原本不 是树上的事物，后者指原本长在树上的事物。 3. in t
14、he wall表示嵌在墙里，而on the wall表示在墙的表面 上。 4. in the sun意为“在太阳下”。 5. with ones help或with the help of sb. 意为“在某人的帮助 下”。 课堂专练课堂专练 一一、单项选择单项选择 ( ) 1. Im not going swimming this afternoon. . I have to help my mother do some cleaning. A. So am I B. So I am C. Neither am I D. Neither I am C C ( ) 2. Can you com
15、e on Monday or Tuesday，Scott？ Im afraid is possible. Ill be on business on those two days. A. either B. neither C. every D. each ( ) 3. There will be jobs for people，because some robots will do the same jobs as people. A. many B. more C. fewer D. fewest B B C C ( ) 4. This book on idioms (谚语) is int
16、eresting. Id like to have . Where did you buy it，Simon？ In the Amazon Bookstore. A. it B. this C. that D. one ( ) 5. If you prefer the red evening dress，youll have to pay 30 dollars，because its made of silk. OK. Here you are. A. other B. the other C. more D. another D D D D ( ) 6. Who helped Kate fi
17、nish the work yesterday？ No one. She finished it by . A. hers B. her C. herself D. she ( ) 7. Who will send you to the new school，your mum or your dad？ . Ill go there alone. A. Both B. Neither C. Either D. None C C B B ( ) 8. Who teaches painting？ Nobody， I teach . A. your， mine B. you， myself C. yo
18、ur， my D. you， me ( ) 9. Why are you dressed such a black coat？ Because I want to dress up a ghost. A. as； in B. as； of C. in； as D. in； of B B C C ( ) 10. They usually go shopping their lunch break. A. against B. among C. between D. during ( ) 11. Look！Hes asking a policewoman help. A. on B. with C
19、. for D. in D D C C ( ) 12. He wrote his phone number a piece of paper. A. on B. for C. in D. from ( ) 13. Most people are building a paper factory near here. They are worried the river will get polluted. A. for B. with C. against D. beyond A A C C ( ) 14. Could you please give me a hand ？ I cant co
20、mplete the task on time your help. A. without B. under C. with D. for ( ) 15. Many young people put mobile games anything else， thinking little of their normal lives. A. along with B. behind C. before D. in front of A A C C 二、二、 用恰当的介词填空用恰当的介词填空 1. I was afraid hurting his feelings. 2. Foreign langu
21、ages are less interesting music. 3. We will play the boys Class Two this afternoon. 4. The Turners will fly Canada soon. 5. Jim will fall the others if he misses so many lessons. 6. Mr. Smith is looking a room to live . ofof thanthan withwith inin toto behindbehind forfor inin 7. Glad to meet you. L
22、ets make friends each other. 8. Theres enough food here to last two months. 9. Everyone is here Lily because she is ill. 10. I wont believe it until I see it my own eyes. 11. We mustnt only think ourselves. 12. Its bad your eyes to read bed. withwith forfor exceptexcept aboutabout withwith forfor in
23、in 话题写作话题写作 A. 回答问题回答问题 This year， there is something new happening in our school. It was September 6th. Wang Yang discovered that her classroom had changed. She found that the desks were no longer in rows，but pushed together to make eight bigger desks. She was so excited about it for the first two
24、days that she couldnt listen to the teachers carefully. But soon she and her classmates got used to this new classroom arrangement(安排).“Now our class is quieter ，” said Wang， “Whats more， we can come up with our own ideas and learn more through discussion. Its a better way to study.” Li Yu liked it，
25、 too. He said，“Group members first discuss，and then show ourselves in front of the whole class. It makes us believe in ourselves.” It was part of a reform(改革) at Lis school. The school made this reform because they wanted to provide students with easier ways to study and more chances to discuss. “Ou
26、r school hopes it can improve students abilities to study by themselves and work in groups，” said Jason ，an English teacher. However，the reform has demanded(要求) more from teachers. Now they have only 15 minutes to give the lesson which should be taught in 45 minutes before. It is difficult to teach
27、in such a short time. The teachers have to find better ways to teach more effectively. “The reform demands more，but Im sure it is helpful，” added Jason. 1. When did Wang Yang find her classroom had changed？ . . 2. Whats the trouble with Wang Yang for the first two days？ . . . Wang Yang found her cla
28、ssroom had changed Wang Yang found her classroom had changed on September 6th.on September 6th. She was too excited about it to listen to She was too excited about it to listen to the teachers carefully.the teachers carefully. 3. What is Jason？ 0 0 4. Why did the school make this reform？ 0 0 0 5. Ho
29、w long can the teachers in their school give the lesson now？ 0 0 He is an English teacher in Wang He is an English teacher in Wang Yangs school. Yangs school. Because the school wanted to provide Because the school wanted to provide students with easier ways to study and students with easier ways to
30、 study and more chances to discuss.more chances to discuss. They have only 15 minutes to give the They have only 15 minutes to give the lesson now. lesson now. B. 书面表达书面表达 近年来，我市教育系统深入开展“立德树人” 教育实践活动。假如你是李华，你校在本学期活动 中，将从你们初三毕业生中挑选部分学生与非毕业班 的学生开展一个成长经验交流会，以帮助他们成长进 步。由于有外籍教师参加，现请你根据以下要点提 示，以一名毕业生的身份写一
31、篇英文发言稿。 要点提示： 1. 每天运动，平衡饮食，保持健康； 2. 多读书，学会学习，取得好成绩； 3. 与人融洽相处，学会分享与相互帮助。 作文要求： 1. 不能照抄原文； 不得在作文中出现真实的学校名称 和学生姓名。 2. 词数80左右。短文开头结尾已给出，不计入总词 数。 【写作分析】 审题： 人称：第二人称 时态：一般现在时 建立写作框架： Dear schoolmates， Im very glad to have this chance to share my experience with you. I am going to tell you how to spend th
32、e three years of junior high school. Here are some suggestions for you. First，you should do more sports every day. It can make you strong and healthy. A balanced diet is also important for you. Youd better eat more fruit and vegetables instead of too much meat. Next，do more reading in your spare tim
33、e. As long as you learn how to learn， you can get good grades in your study. Lastly， you should get on well with others， including your parents， your classmates， your teachers and so on. Its a good habit to share something with others and help each other. If you can follow the advice above，you are sure to become an excellent student. Wish you all success and good luck in the future. Thats all. Thanks！ Yours， Li Hua
