1、odule 3 Life now and then Unit 3 Language in use 语法聚焦语法聚焦 形容词与副词形容词与副词 一、形容词与副词的句法功能 1.形容词的句法功能 形容词是用来描述或修饰名词或代词的一类词。它的主 要用法如下： （1）在句中位于名词前或不定代词后，作定语。如: He is a calm man.他是个镇定的人。 Id like to eat something sweet. 我想吃一些甜的东西。 （2）可与系动词连用，作表语。如: He felt tired after a long walk. 长途跋涉后，他感到疲惫。 That story sou
2、nds interesting. 那个故事听起来有趣。 （3）可用作宾语补足语。如: His success made him happy. 他的成功让他感到幸福。 Dont keep the door open! 别敞着门! （4）可用作状语。如: He was lying on the bed, awake. 他正躺在床上，醒着。 The boy is standing there,unhappy. 那个男孩站在那儿，一脸 不高兴。 2.副词的句法功能 （1）副词是用来修饰动词、形容词、其他副词以及整个句子 的一类词，在句中可用来表示时间、地点、程度、方式等。一 般地,多数副词放在动词之后
3、;修饰形容词或副词时，须放在被 修饰词之前。always, often, usually, sometimes, never等表示频率 的副词位于实义动词前，be动词、助动词和情态动词之后。如: Finally, he agreed that I should do the work. 最后，他同意我应 该做这项工作。（表时间） Its very agreeable to have you here. 有你在这儿很令人愉快。 （表程度、表地点） I nearly missed my flight. 我差点儿误了班机。（表程度） He struck the table angrily. 他气愤地
4、敲了敲桌子。（表方式） （2）副词在句中可作状语、表语或定语。如： Its raining hard. 雨下得很大。（作状语） Class is over. 下课了。（作表语） The workers here are hard-working. 这里的工人很勤劳。 （作定语） 二、形容词与副词的比较等级 1.形容词、副词的比较等级变化规则 （1）规则变化 单音节和部分双音节词通常在词尾加-er，-est构成比较级 和最高级。如:longlongerlongest; talltallertallest 以不发音的字母e结尾的词只在词尾加-r，-st。 如:largelargerlargest;
5、 latelaterlatest 以“辅音字母+y”结尾的词先变y为i，再加-er，-est。 如:busybusierbusiest; easyeasiereasiest 以重读闭音节结尾，且末尾只有一个辅音字母的词，则双 写这个辅音字母，再加-er，-est。如:bigbiggerbiggest; hothotterhottest 多音节和部分双音节词在其前加more, most构成比较级和 最高级。如:difficultmore difficultmost difficult; beautifulmore beautifulmost beautiful （2）不规则变化 原级 比较级 最
6、高级 good / well better best many / much more most little less least bad / badly / ill worse worst far farther / further farthest / furthest old older / elder oldest / eldest 2.比较级和最高级的常用句型 比较级常用句型 最高级常用句型 比较级+than，表示“比更”。如: He is taller than Lucy. 他比露西高。 比较级+and+比较级，表示“越来越”。 如:Our life is getting bet
7、ter and better. 我们 的生活正变得越来越好。 the+比较级，the+比较级，表示“越， 越”。如:The more you eat, the fatter you will be. 你吃得越多，你就会越胖。 the+比较级+of the two+名词，表示“两者中 较的那个”。如:Ben is the taller of the two boys. 本是两个男孩儿中较高的那个。 同级比较一般采用as as句型，否定句 可以用not so / asas表示。如： He runs as fast as me. 他和我跑得一样快。 This man is not so / as t
8、all as my father. 这个 男人不如我爸爸高。 the+最高级+of / in 。如:Jim is the tallest in our class. 在我们班里吉姆是 最高的。 选择疑问句。如:Which is the biggest, the sun, the earth or the moon? 太阳、 地球和月亮,哪个最大? the+形容词最高级+名词+定语从句。 如:She is the most beautiful girl I have ever seen. 她是我见过的女孩里最漂 亮的。 one of the+形容词最高级+名词复数。 如:Li Na is one
9、 of the most famous tennis players in the world. 李娜是世 界上最有名的网球运动员之一。 the + 序数词 + 形容词最高级 + 单数 名词。 如：The Yellow River is the second longest river in China. 黄河是 中国第二长河。 3. 比较级和最高级的修饰语 比较级和最高级的修饰语应置于其所修饰的形容词或副词 之前。 （1）常见的比较级修饰语有much, a great deal, （by） far, even, still, a bit, a little, rather等，表示不定程度或数
10、量。如： The boy is a little shorter than the girl. 那个男孩比那个女孩矮一 点。 The problem is far more difficult than I expected. 这个问题比我 预想的难得多。 （2）常见的最高级修饰语有：（by） far, nearly, almost, by no means, quite, really, 序数词等。如： The tree is almost / nearly the biggest one in the forest. 这棵树几 乎是森林里最大的。 He is really the best
11、 basketball player in our class. 他真是我们班 上最棒的篮球运动员。 课堂小测课堂小测 一、用所给单词的适当形式填空 1. We shouldnt eat any _（health） food. 2. The boy was _（interest） in the cartoon. 3. Pollution can cause all kinds of _（ill）. 4. Many people were _（hurt） and lost their lives in 8 2 Kunshan Explosion. 5. We think that the Int
12、ernet is very _（help）. unhealthy interested illnesses hurt helpful 二、根据汉语意思完成句子，词数不限 6. 她今天早上乘公交车上班而不是步行。 She went to work by bus _ this morning. 7. 那位老人过了一段更好的生活。 The old man _. 8. 现在人们比以前活得时间长了。 People today _ they did in the past. 9. 我们应该阻止孩子们在河里游泳。 We should _ the children _ in the river. 10. 小林
13、和我做作业一样认真。 Xiaolin did his homework _ I did. instead of walking lived a better life live longer than stop / keep / prevent from swimming as carefully as 三、单项填空（语法专练） （ ）11. Remember this，children. _careful you are， _ mistakes you will make. We know，Miss Gao. A. The more；the more B. The fewer；the mor
14、e C. The more；the fewer D. The less；the less （ ）12. I have _ to do today. A. anything important B. something important C. important nothing D. important something （ ）13. Which is _，the sun，the moon or the earth? Of course the moon is. A. small B. smaller C. smallest D. the smallest C B D （ ）14. He h
15、as made_ progress this term than before. A. little B. less C. fewer D. much （ ）15. What delicious cakes! They would taste _ with butter. A. good B. better C. bad D. worse B B A. 回答问题（核心素养：语言能力） 请阅读下面这篇文章，根据所提供的信息，回答问题。 Moonlight Town is a place near Sunshine Town. It used to be home to many wild ani
16、mals. There were green hills and fresh air. There were not many people living there and there were not many shops and restaurants. However，the area has changed a lot over these years. There are now many roads，buildings and a lot more people. It no longer provides a good environment for wildlife. In
17、the past，people could only go to Moonlight Town by bike or on foot and it was very quiet there. Things have changed a lot，and a new airport has been in use since 2004. Now，people can take the bus，the train or the air to Moonlight Town. It is much faster and easier. The changes in Moonlight Town have
18、 brought many benefits，but they have also caused many problems for wildlife. Some animals and plants have lost their living areas because of these changes. Answer the following questions. 1. How many people lived in Moonlight Town in the past? _ 2. What can no longer find a good place to stay in Moo
19、nlight Town today? _ _ 3. How did people use to go to Moonlight Town? _ 4. What has been in use since 2004? _ 5. Whats the writers comment(评价) on the changes in Moonlight Town? _ _ Not many people lived in Moonlight Town in the past. Wildlife can no longer find a good place to stay in Moonlight Town
20、 today. They used to go to Moonlight Town by bike or on foot. A new airport has been in use since 2004. His / Her comment on the changes in Moonlight Town is good and bad. B. 书面表达 大明的加拿大朋友Tom想了解大明家乡的变化。假如你是 大明，请根据下列表格的提示，给Tom写一封主题为 “Changes in My Hometown”的英语电子邮件。 内容包括： 过去过去 现在现在 旧房子 高楼 步行、骑自行车上班 乘公
21、共汽车、开小汽车上班 道路狭窄（narrow） 宽阔的环形路 居住条件差 居住环境舒适 作文要求： 1. 不能照抄原文；不得在作文中出现学校真实的名称和学生 的真实姓名。 2. 语句连贯，词数80个左右。作文的开头和结尾已经给出， 不计入总词数。 【写作思路点拨】 第一步：根据内容要点进行描述。参考句型： 1. In the past, there used to be _. People went to _. 2. But now, there are_ and _. People usually_. 第二步：表达愿望，希望我的家乡越来越美丽。参考句型： I think_ . And I h
22、ope _. 第三步: 检查自己的写作。（1. 要求的内容都写到了吗？2. 是 否有语法错误？） In the past ten years，great changes have taken place in my hometown. In the past，there used to be old houses. The roads were narrow and the living conditions were hard. People went to work on foot or by bike. But now， there are many tall buildings in
23、my hometown. There are many wide ring roads and the living conditions are comfortable. People usually go to work by bus or by car. I am glad to see these great changes in my hometown. But I think its still important to remember the past. I hope my hometown will become more and more beautiful. Dear Tom， You want to learn the changes in my hometown. Yours, Daming 此部分习题详见独立装订的课后作业。请同学们完 成课后作业下册Module 3的Unit 3下面的所有练习题。 课后作业课后作业
