1、Section B Learning About Language .知识体系图解 重点词汇 1.surgeon n. surgery n. 2.shave vt.作曲;撰写 7. n.解放;摆脱 8. vt.打扰;搅乱;使烦恼 9. n.专科医生;专家 10. n.顾问;高级顾问医师 11. vt.跳过;不参加;悄悄溜走 vi.蹦蹦跳跳地走;跳绳 n.蹦跳 外科医生 外科手术;外科学 剃(须发);刮脸 胡须;络腮胡子 香烟;卷烟 毒品;药物 compose liberation disturb specialist consultant skip 重点短语 1. 下定决心 2. 由组成(或构
2、成)的 3. 剃掉;刮去 4. 采取行动 5. 找借口 6. 简单说 7.begin with 8.be in control of 9.lose weight 10.cut out 11.take up 12.stick to make up ones mind be composed of shave off take action make excuses simply speaking 以开始 控制 减肥 剪去;删除 占用 坚持 重点句式 Neither too much nor too little is good. 重点语法 动词不定式作主语 .释义匹配 1.surgeon A.w
3、hen something or someone is freed 2.liberation B.to not do something that you usually do or should do 3.disturb C.a doctor who is specially trained to perform medical operations 4.skip D.hair that some men allow to grow on the lower part of their faces 5.beard E.to interrupt someone so that they can
4、not continue what they are doing 答案 1.C 2.A 3.E 4.B 5.D .介(副)词填空 1.Lifting heavy weights can lead a rise in blood pressure. 2.You can find whether they are prepared to share the cost with you. 3.He refused to give in spite of many discouragements in his career. 4.As parents,we have a responsibility
5、to give our children a sense belonging. 5.You are fully in control your own habits,your own body,and your own life. to out up of of 1.We need to make up our minds and show some discipline,and make small changes over time. 我们需要下定决心,遵守纪律,并随着时间的推移做出一些小小的 改变。 【词汇精讲】 make up ones mind下定决心 Ive made up my
6、mind to go to college after I finish middle school. 我决定中学毕业后去上大学。 They made up their minds to live a modern life. 他们下定决心要过现代的生活。 Once we have made up our minds to cheer up,it is time to take action. 一旦我们决定振作起来,就是时候采取行动了。 【温馨提示】使用make up ones mind短语时需要注意,mind的单 复数要根据主语的单复数来变化。 重点词汇 【词汇拓展】 bear/keep .
7、inmind 记住 bring .tomind 想起 change onesmind 改变主意 have . inmind 考虑;想要 He promised to keep my wishes in mind. 他承诺要记住我的愿望。 2.Simply speaking,a healthy lifestyle is about finding the right balance and making good choices. 简单地说,健康的生活方式就是找到恰当的平衡,做出好的选择。 【词汇精讲】 simply speaking简单地说 Simply speaking,if one wor
8、d carries at least two meanings,it can be called a polysemous word. 简单地说,如果一个单词有两种以上的意义,那么就可称之为多义 词。 Simply speaking,we know what your needs are! 简单来说,我们最清楚明白您的需要! 【词汇拓展】 generally speaking 一般说来;总体而言 frankly speaking 坦率地说 loosely speaking 不严格地说 Generally speaking,people like to hear compliments from
9、 others. 总的来说,人们都喜欢听到别人的称赞。 Frankly speaking,its not easy to be a scientist. 坦白地说,成为科学家不是一件容易的事情。 3.Life is composed of many elements,such as family,friends,study,work,entertainment and so on. 生活是由家庭、朋友、学习、工作、娱乐等多种元素组成的。 【词汇精讲】 compose vt.作曲;撰写 Ten men compose the committee. 委员会由十人组成。 Vivaldi compos
10、ed a large number of very fine concertos. 维瓦尔蒂创作了大量非常优美的协奏曲。 The manager asked the secretary to compose a report. 经理要求秘书写一个报告。 【词汇拓展】 be composed of 由组成(或构成) be made up of 由组成(或构成) consist of 由组成(或构成) Every substance,no matter what it is,is composed of very small particles called molecules. 每种物质,不论它
11、是什么,都是由一些被称为分子的很小的粒子构 成的。 Their diet consists largely of vegetables. 他们的日常饮食以蔬菜为主。 4.To join the Peoples Liberation Army,it is required for men to shave off their beards. 要加入中国人民解放军,男人必须剃掉胡须。 【词汇精讲】 shave vi.,vt.刮脸 Mr Brown took a bath and shaved before dinner. 布朗先生在晚餐前洗了澡并刮了脸。 He had shaved his fac
12、e until it was smooth. 他把脸刮到光滑为止。 He never seemed to need a shave. 他似乎从不需要刮脸。 【词汇拓展】 shave off剃掉;刮去 Ive decided to shave off my beard. 我决定刮胡子。 5.It was not polite to disturb your neighbours with loud music last night. 昨晚,用很响的音乐打扰你的邻居是不礼貌的。 【词汇精讲】 disturb vt.打扰;搅乱;使烦恼 I dream about him,dreams so vivi
13、d that they disturb me for days. 我梦到他了,梦是那么栩栩如生以至于困扰了我好几天。 Did you sleep well? I didnt want to disturb you. You looked so peaceful. 你睡得好吗?我不想打扰你。你看起来如此平静。 The manager will be angry if you disturb him when hes in conference. 经理开会时如果你打扰他,他会生气的。 【词汇拓展】 disturbing.引起烦恼的;令人不安的 disturbed.被打扰的;不安的 Then cam
14、e the disturbing news that Dolly had become seriously ill. 接着传来了多莉病重的令人不安的消息。 The news really made me disturbed. 这个消息的确令我不安。 重点句式 Neither too much nor too little is good. 不多不少正合适。 【句式剖析】neither.nor.“既不也不”。其含义是否定的, 可连接任意两个并列的成分。 Professor Hisamatsu spoke neither English nor German. 久松教授既不会讲英语,也不会讲德语。
15、 I can give you neither an opinion nor any advice. 我既不能给你意见,也不能提供任何建议。 The composer neither worried nor cared about public opinion. 这位作曲家对舆论既不担心,也不在意。 【句式拓展】(1)neither.nor连接两个名词或代词作主语时,谓语动 词要遵循“就近一致”原则。 Neither the students nor the teacher knows anything about it. 同学们和老师都对此一无所知。 (2)遵循“就近一致原则”的其他并列连词
16、: either.or.不是就是;或者或者 not only.but also.不但而且 not.but.不是而是 重点语法 动词不定式作主语 1.不定式(短语)作主语时,往往由it代替它作形式主语,不定式则移 至谓语之后。常见的句型有: (1)It is+名词+to do. We believe it is our duty to help those in need to make the world we live in a better place. 我们相信我们有义务帮助那些有困难的人来创造一个更美好的世 界。 It is an honour for me to be invited
17、 to speak at the meeting. 被邀请在会上讲话我感到非常荣幸。 (2)It takes sb some time + to do It takes them several days to adapt themselves to the climate at the heights. 他们花了数天的时间才适应高地的气候。 It took us a whole week to go through the forest. 我们花了整整一星期才穿过那片森林。 (3)It is easy/difficult/hard/necessary (for sb) to do Howev
18、er hard you try,it is difficult to lose weight without cutting down the amount you eat. 不管你多么努力,很难在不减少食物摄入量的情况下减肥。 I think that it is impossible to be there before eight. 我觉得在8点之前赶到那里是不可能的。 (4)It is clever/wise/good/careless/honest/kind of sb to do. It was really very kind of you to give me a lift h
19、ome. 你能送我回家真是太好了。 It is foolish of them to turn down the proposal. 他们拒绝那个建议实在是太愚蠢了。 2.不定式作主语位于句首,常出现于正式文体中。 To change bad habits is never easy,even with many attempts. 改变坏习惯绝不容易,即使经过很多尝试。 To help others gives a person satisfaction. 帮助他人给人以满足感。 To swim in this river is dangerous. 在这条河里游泳很危险。 To do th
20、is is to cut the foot to fit the shoe. 这样做是削足适履。 【拓展】动词不定式可与疑问词when,where,how,what,which,who 等组合,构成不定式短语,在句中可作主语、表语或宾语等成分。 1.作主语 When to start has not been decided. 尚未决定何时动身。 What to read is an important question. 该读些什么是一个很重要的问题。 How to begin is more difficult than where to stop. 如何开始比到哪里停止还困难。 2.作表
21、语 The question is what to do next. 问题是下一步怎么办。 The question is how to carry out the plan. 问题是怎样执行这个计划。 3.作宾语 (1)用作动词的宾语 She couldnt think what to say. 她想不出说什么。 Our teacher explained how to use the word processor. 老师向我们说明如何使用文字处理机。 (2)位于间接宾语后作直接宾语 Ill show you how to do it. 我将给你讲该怎么做。 She kindly advis
22、ed me what to do. 她好心地劝告我该做什么。 My sister taught me how to fold paper into a crane. 我姐姐教我如何折纸鹤。 (3)作介词的宾语 I have no idea of how to do it. 我不知道如何做此事。 Bill said something to her about what to do. 比尔给她讲了讲应当做什么。 .句式升级 1.Before you exercise,be sure to do warming-up exercise for a few minutes. ,be sure to
23、do warming-up exercise for a few minutes. 答案 Before exercising 2.Hearing the lecture,she was so excited that she couldnt go to sleep. Hearing the lecture,she was to sleep. 答案 too excited to go 3.I dont like playing the piano.My brother doesnt like playing it,either. my brother likes playing the pian
24、o. 答案 Neither I nor 4.Sichuan Province is made up of a basin and some mountainous areas. Sichuan Province a basin and some mountainous areas. 答案 is composed of 5.It is always best to choose organically grown foods if it is possible. It is always best to choose organically grown foods . 答案 if possibl
25、e .单句语法填空 1.It is important (realize) that the same technology that helps us may also harm us. 答案 to realize 2.As we know,it is not good manners (refuse) others apology. 答案 to refuse 3.It was very kind of you (send) me the beautiful album of photographs which arrived today. 答案 to send 4.It was necessary (step) back from the project and look at it as a whole. 答案 to step 5.It was very foolish of you (park) the car in front of the supermarket. 答案 to park
