1、返返 首首 页页 UNIT 1 PEOPLE OF ACHIEVEMENT 泛读泛读技能初养成技能初养成 1 返返 首首 页页 阅读 Reading for Writing 中的材料，选择最佳答案 1What subjects did Albert Einstein like best in middle school? APolitics and geography. BPhysics and maths. CEnglish and art. DChemistry and history. 2 返返 首首 页页 2When did Einstein publish four extraord
2、inary physics papers? AIn 1902. BIn 1904. CIn 1905. DIn 1906. 3 返返 首首 页页 3Why was Einstein awarded the 1921 Nobel Prize in Physics? ABecause of his explanation of the photoelectric effect. BBecause of his courageous and kind character. CBecause of his strong passion for knowledge. DBecause of his fu
3、lltime research at a university. 4 返返 首首 页页 4What happened to Einstein in 1933? AHe came to power in Germany. BHe was forced to leave Germany. CHe moved to Europe for his degree. DHe refused to work as a researcher in the US. 答案 14 BCAB 5 返返 首首 页页 Words And Phrases 知识要点1 circumstance nusually pl. 条件
4、；环境；状况 ( 教 材P5)There is nothing we can do to help Linda.Her circumstances are beyond our control. 我们帮不了琳达什么忙。她的处境是我们无法控制的。 例 1 He was forced by circumstances to do this. 他做这件事是为环境所迫。 6 返返 首首 页页 例 2 There is one important circumstance you have not mentioned. 还有一件重要的细节你没提到。 翻译 在正常情况下我会让你用我的车，但是今天我要用车。
5、 In normal circumstances I would let you use my car, but today I need it. 7 返返 首首 页页 知识拓展 in/under the circumstances 在这种情况下 in/under no circumstances 决不；无论如何都不(置于句首时， 句子要用部分倒装) 8 返返 首首 页页 即学即练单句语法填空/句型转换 the circumstances, we must rely on ourselves. Under no circumstances you lend him any money. You
6、 must leave your position under/in no circumstances. Under/In no circumstances In/Under should must you leave your position 9 返返 首首 页页 名师点津 以下短语均意为“决不；无论如何也不”，置于句首时，句子要 用部分倒装语序。 at no time, in no way, in no sense, on no account, on no condition 10 返返 首首 页页 知识要点2 construction n建造；建筑；建筑物 (教材 P5)The bu
7、ilding under construction was designed by I M.Pei a famous Chinese- American architect. 正在建设的大楼是由著名的美籍华裔建筑师贝聿铭设计的。 例 1 Construction of the new road has now been completed. 新公路的建设现已完工。 11 返返 首首 页页 例 2 This is a fine construction. 这是一个完美的建筑。 翻译 一家新的工厂正在建设中。 A new factory is under construction 12 返返 首首
8、 页页 知识拓展 (1)(be) under construction 正在建设中；在施工 (2)construct vt. 建筑；建造；创建；组成 be constructed of/out of/from sth. 由建成 (3)constructive adj. 建设性的；有助于的；积极的 (4)constructor n. 建筑者；制造者 13 返返 首首 页页 即学即练单句语法填空 The novel is constructed a series of onthespot reports. The old house (construct) out of wood. Its dan
9、gerous to get close to the building construction. of/from was constructed under 14 返返 首首 页页 小片段填空 Subways are or in many Chinese cities to deal with traffic jam. 我国许多城市正在考虑修建或已经在修建地铁以解决城市的交 通拥挤问题。 to be constructed under construction 15 返返 首首 页页 知识要点3 come to power(开始)掌权；上台 (教材 P8)Circumstances chan
10、ged in 1933, when Hitler came to power in Germany. 1933 年，当希特勒在德国掌权时，情况发生了变化。 例 1 Three years later, he came to power. 三年后他上台掌权了。 例 2 This party came to power at the last election. 这个政党是在上次大选中当选执政党的。 16 返返 首首 页页 翻译 那个英明的人何时执政的？ When did that wise man come to power? 17 返返 首首 页页 知识拓展 beyond/out of one
11、s power 力所不能及的 be in power 执政 take power 掌权 do all/everything in ones power to do sth. 竭尽所能做某事 18 返返 首首 页页 即学即练单句语法填空 Do you know when Hitler came power? China is a country where the people are power. Its my power to understand how the computer works. to in beyond 19 返返 首首 页页 名师点津 come to power 表示动作
12、，be in power 表示状态，所以 come to power 不能与表示一段时间的状语连用，而 be in power 可以。 How long has he been in power? 他执政多久了？ 20 返返 首首 页页 知识要点4 consequence n. 结果；后果 (教材 P8)As a consequence, he had to flee Germany. 结果，他不得不逃离德国。 例 1 Nobody can tell what the consequences may be. 没有人能说出可能的后果。 例 2 This could have serious c
13、onsequences for the economy. 这可能会给经济带来严重的后果。 21 返返 首首 页页 翻译 你必须承担你的行为所引起的全部后果。 You must accept the full consequences of your behaviour 22 返返 首首 页页 知识拓展 (1)in consequence/as a consequenceas a result 因此；结果 in consequence of/as a consequence ofas a result of 由于原因 (2)consequent adj. 随之发生的；由引起的 consequen
14、tly adv. 所以；因而 23 返返 首首 页页 即学即练单句语法填空/句型转换 She was a bright and eager student and, (consequence), did well in school. The warming of the earth and the (consequence) climatic changes affect us all. It rained yesterday and consequence the match was cancelled. It rained yesterday and a consequence the
15、match was cancelled. The city was in ruins as a result of a severe earthquake.The city was in ruins a severe earthquake. consequently consequent in as in consequence of/as a consequence of 24 返返 首首 页页 知识要点5 take up a position 担任；任职 (教材 P8)After spending time in Europe, he finally took up a position
16、as a researcher at the Institute for Advanced Study in Princeton, USA. 在欧洲待了一段时间后， 他最终在美国普林斯顿大学高等研究院 找到了一份研究员的工作。 25 返返 首首 页页 例 1 I wont take up much of your time. 我不会占用你很多时间。 例 2 Id like to take up your offer of a ride into town. 我愿接受你的邀请，搭你的车进城。 翻译 我最近和一个朋友聊天，他在一家新成立的公司任职。 I was talking with a fri
17、end recently who took up a position at a start up company. 26 返返 首首 页页 知识拓展 take up 拿起；接受；开始；继续；占据(时 间或空间) take away 解除；消除 take down 拿下；取下；记下 take in 理解；欺骗；接纳 take off 脱去；起飞；突然受欢迎 take on 呈现；开始雇用 27 返返 首首 页页 即学即练完成句子 他拿起电话听筒开始拨号码。 He the telephone receiver and began to dial. 如果你相信他, 你一定会受骗。 If you t
18、rust him, you will certainly 记者们迅速记下讲话的内容。 The reporters the speech in shorthand. took up be taken in took down 28 返返 首首 页页 图形助记 图释 take off/up/down 29 返返 首首 页页 知识要点6 remarkable adj.非凡的；显著的 (教材 P9)Apart from his remarkable achievements, what does the passage tell us about Einsteins life? 除了他卓越的成就， 关
19、于爱因斯坦的生活这篇文章还告诉了我们 什么？ 例 1 All kinds of remarkable things began to happen. 各种不寻常的事开始发生。 30 返返 首首 页页 例 2 These cars are remarkable for the quietness of their engines. 这些汽车因发动机没有噪音而不同凡响。 翻译 她听到这坏消息时，表现出非凡的勇气。 She showed remarkable courage when she heard the bad news. 31 返返 首首 页页 知识拓展 (1)be remarkable
20、for 以著称 (2)remark v. 谈起；述说；议论；评论 n. 评论；言语 make a remark/remarks on/about. 就发表意见；评论 make no remark 不加评论；什么也不说 remark on/upon 就发表意见；评论 remark that. 评论 32 返返 首首 页页 即学即练单句语法填空/完成句子 I wouldnt like some of them to make remark on my private affairs. Its rude to remark the appearance of others. The writer,
21、Mo Yan, got (remark) achievements in writing. 评论家们指出该剧不是原创的。 Critics the play was not original. a on/upon remarkable remarked that 33 返返 首首 页页 小片段填空 Most people without saying anything 很多人话语连篇，可就是不值一分钱。 remarkable make many remarks 34 返返 首首 页页 知识要点7 sum vi. 总结；概括 n金额；款项；总数；总和 (教材 P9)Use your notes t
22、o write your introduction and sum up how you feel about this person. 用你的笔记来写一个介绍，并总结你对这个人的看法。 例 1 The expenses came to an enormous sum. 开支总数巨大。 35 返返 首首 页页 例 2 The sum will be increased by fifteen per cent. 金额将要增加 15%。 翻译 他出一笔巨款买了这所房子。 He paid a large sum for the house. 36 返返 首首 页页 知识拓展 (1)do/work/m
23、ake sums/a sum 计算；做算术题 in sum 大体上；一言以蔽之；总之 (2)sum up 总结；概括；是的总和；合计 37 返返 首首 页页 即学即练单句语法填空/完成句子 sum, the two countries are now true economic partners. She summed it as “the most brilliant lecture Ive ever attended” 我很快地算出了需要花费的钱数。 I to work out how much it would cost. In up did a quick sum 38 返返 首首 页
24、页 Sentence Patterns 重点句式1 独立主格结构 (教材 P8)He made numerous contributions to the world，the most well- known being the general theory of relativity. 他对世界做出了许多贡献，其中最著名的是广义相对论 句式分析：句中 the most well- known being the general theory of relativity 为“名词现在分词”构成的独立主格结构。 39 返返 首首 页页 例 1 The question being settled
25、, we went home. 问题解决之后，我们就回家了。 例 2 We shall play the match tomorrow, weather permitting. 假设明天天气好，我们就进行比赛。 翻译 班长病了，我们最好还是延期开会吧。 The monitor being ill, wed better put the meeting off. 40 返返 首首 页页 知识拓展 独立主格结构形式为： (1)名词/代词现在分词(表示主动或正在进行) (2)名词/代词过去分词(表示被动或已完成) (3)名词/代词不定式(表示将要发生的动作) (4)名词/代词形容词/副词/介词短语(
26、常用来说明名词或代词的 性质、特征或所处的状态) 41 返返 首首 页页 即学即练单句语法填空/完成句子 Time (permit), well go to your house. Lots of homework (do), I have to stay at home all day. 如果给我们更多的时间，我们会把工作做得更好。 , we should have done the job much better. 会议结束了，老师们一个个走了出来。 , the teachers went out one by one. permitting to do More time given T
27、he meeting over 42 返返 首首 页页 重点句式2 as though/if 引导方式状语从句 (教材 P8)He had a thick moustache and long white hair, which sometimes stood on end as though he had just received an electric shock. 他胡须浓密，有时白发挺立；就好像刚遭了电击。 句式分析：句中 as though “好像；似乎”，引导方式状语从句， 相当于 as if 引导方式状语从句。 43 返返 首首 页页 例 1 It sounds as thou
28、gh there is a knock at the door. 听起来好像有人在敲门。 例 2 The air seemed thin, as though its combination of gases had little oxygen left. 空气似乎很稀薄，好像在混合的气体中剩下很少的氧气。 翻译 他老爱说大话，就仿佛他是一位重要的人似的。 He likes to talk big as though he was an important person 44 返返 首首 页页 知识拓展 (1)as though/if 引导方式状语从句时，通常用虚拟语气，表示与 事实不符或相反
29、的情况；如果与事实相符，则用陈述语气。 (2)as though/if 还可用在 be, look, seem, sound, taste, smell, feel 等 系动词后面，引导表语从句。 (3)当从句主语与主句主语一致，且从句谓语又包含动词 be 时， 从句主语和谓语中的动词 be 通常可省去。 45 返返 首首 页页 即学即练单句语法填空/完成句子 He shook his head as if (he was) (say) “Dont trust her” He did something wrong but looked as if nothing (happen) 她对待这个
30、孤儿就好像对待自己的亲儿子一样。 She treats the orphan to say had happened as if/though he were her own son 46 返返 首首 页页 直接信息题 直接信息题一般能在文中直接找到明确的信息， 往往只考查文章 中的个别事实，通常只涉及原文一两句话的信息。也就是说，命题者 设置的题目比较直接，理解字面意思即可作答。 47 返返 首首 页页 【例文】 This month millions of American kids can forget about classroom bells and set off for gran
31、dparents homes, sleepaway camps and lifeguard stands.But summer vacation hasnt always been a birthright of US.schoolchildren.Before the Civil War, schools operated on one of two calendars (日历), neither of which included a summer vacation. Rural （农村的） schooling was divided into summer and winter term
32、s, leaving kids free to help with the farm work in the spring planting and fall harvest seasons. Urban students, meanwhile, regularly had as many as 48 weeks of study a year, with one break per quarter. 48 返返 首首 页页 What did the rural school calendar before the Civil War allow children to do? AEnjoy
33、a summer vacation. BTake a break each quarter. CHave 48 weeks of study a year. DAssist their parents with farm work. 49 返返 首首 页页 试题特点 1考查事件、地点、人物和物品的具体细节； 2问题一般比较直白； 3答案常是原文的一句话或一个词，但可能变换了说法； 4错误选项往往明显与原文内容不符。 50 返返 首首 页页 解题思路 Step 1：确定题干中的关键词(题干黑体字) Step 2：根据关键词定位信息句(中句) Step 3：尝试解答根据信息句可知，内战前的农村校历
34、让孩 子们在春天播种和秋天收获时过假期，帮助父母干农活。故选 D。 51 返返 首首 页页 针对性练习 Mandara seemed to know something big was about to happen.So she let out a yell, caught hold of her 2yearold daughter Kibibi and climbed up into a tree.She lives at the National Zoo in Washington DC. And on Tuesday, August 23rd, witnesses said she s
35、eemed to sense the big earthquake that shook much of the East Coast before any humans knew what was going on.And shes not the only one.In the moments before the quake, an orangutan (猩猩) let out a loud call and then climbed to the top of her shelter. 52 返返 首首 页页 “Its very different from their normal
36、call， ” said Brandie Smith, the zookeeper.“The lemurs (monkey like animals of Madagascar) will sound an alarm if they see or hear something highly unusual.” But you cant see or hear an earthquake 15 minutes before it happens can you? Maybe you canif youre an animal. “Animals can hear above and below
37、 our range of hearing， ” said Brandie Smith.“Thats part of their special abilities.Theyre more sensitive to the environment, which is how they survive.” 53 返返 首首 页页 1Why did Mandara act strangely one day? ABecause it sensed something unusual would happen. BBecause its daughter Kibibi was injured. CB
38、ecause it heard an orangutan let out a loud call. DBecause an earthquake had happened. A 根据第一段 Mandara seemed to know something big was about to happen.可知，一天 Mandara 表现得很奇怪因为它感觉有一些 不同寻常的事情要发生，故选 A。 54 返返 首首 页页 2According to Brandie Smith, Amany animals hearing is sharp Bearthquakes produce two types
39、 of waves Cprimates usually gather together before a quake Dhumans can also develop the ability to sense a quake 55 返返 首首 页页 A 根据第五段“Animals can hear above and below our range of hearing ，” said Brandie Smith. “ Thats part of their special abilities.Theyre more sensitive to the environment, which is how they survive.” 可知， Brandie Smith 认为许多动物的听觉很敏锐， 故选 A。 56 返返 首首 页页 Thank you for watching ! 57
