1、第二部分 题型专项突破 专题一 语法填空(一) ( (一一) ) Passage 1 (2020 全国卷)China has become the first country to land a spacecraft on the far side of the moon. The unmanned Change- 4 probe (探测器)the name was inspired by an ancient Chinese moon goddess 1 (touch) down last week in the South Pole- Aitken basin. Landing on th
2、e moons far side is 2 (extreme) challenging. Because the moons body blocks direct radio communication with a probe, China first had to put a satellite in orbit above the moon in a spot 3 it could send signals to the spacecraft and to Earth. The far side of the moon is of particular 4 (interesting) t
3、o scientists because it has a lot of deep craters (环形山), more so 5 the familiar near side. Chinese researchers hope to use the instruments onboard Change- 4 6 (find) and study areas of the South Pole- Aitken basin. “This really excites scientists，” Carle Pieters, a scientist at Brown University, say
4、s, “because it 7 (mean) we have the chance to obtain information about how the moon 8 (construct)” Data about the moons composition, such as how 9 ice and other treasures it contains, could help China decide whether 10 (it) plans for a future lunar (月球的) base are practical. 1 2. 3. 4. 5 6. 7. 8. 9 1
5、0. 1 touched 考查动词的时态。 设空处是句子的谓语， 根据时间状语 last week 可知应使用一般过去时，故填 touched。 2extremely 考查词性转换。设空处修饰形容词 challenging，应使用 extreme 的副词形式，故填 extremely。 3where 考查定语从句的引导词。根据句子结构可知，设空处引导 一个定语从句，先行词是 a spot，在从句中作地点状语，故填 where。 答案 篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。中国成为第一个将航天器降落在月球 背面的国家，文章主要介绍了中国无人月球探测器嫦娥四号发射的意义。 4interest 考查词性转换。
6、根据设空前的形容词 particular 可知，空处 应填名词，interest 意为“吸引力；趣味”时是不可数名词，be of interest to sb 意为“(某物)使某人感兴趣”。故填 interest。 5than 考查介词。句意：因为它比熟悉的近的一面有更多的深环形 山。 根据设空前的比较级more so可知， 此处填介词than， 表示“比更”。 故填 than。 6to find 考查非谓语动词。句意：中国的研究者希望使用嫦娥四号 上的设备来发现和研究南极艾特肯盆地。此处表示目的，应使用不定式作 目的状语。故填 to find。 答案 7means 考查动词的时态和主谓一致。
7、根据上文“This really excites scientists”可知，此处也使用一般现在时，主语是 it，所以设空处谓语动词 使用第三人称单数形式 means，故填 means。 8is constructed 考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。句意：“这真 的使科学家们激动，”布朗大学的一位科学家说：“因为它意味着我们有 机会获得月球是如何构造的信息。”根据句意可知，谓语 construct 与主语 the moon 之间是被动关系，应使用被动语态，再由上下文可知此处应使用 一般现在时，主语 the moon 是单数，故填 is constructed。 答案 9much 考查形容词。
8、句意：关于月亮成分的数据，比如它含有多少 冰和其他财富，可以帮助中国决定它未来月球基地的计划是否实用。ice 是 不可数名词，应使用 much 修饰，故填 much。 10its 考查代词。根据设空后的名词 plans 可知，此处应使用形容词 性物主代词，故填 its。 答案 Passage 2 (2020 青海省西宁市高三年级质检二)Colorful fruits and vegetables are helpful to our health. Their 1 (nature) colors help protect our bodies from disease. Think about
9、 the colors of fruits and vegetablesthe red of tomatoes, the orange of carrots, the green of apples and the purple of grapes. You can enjoy 2 (eat) fruits and vegetables of all colorsgreen, yellow, blue, purple, and white. Each color 3 (be) important to our health. These colors work together to prot
10、ect 4 (we) bodies. Scientists have studied them and discovered 5 good of colorful fruits and vegetables. The list below shows some benefits of some colors in fruits and vegetables： Red gives us a healthy heart. It can 6 (possible) reduce heart disease. Red helps improve our memory. Yellow is good 7
11、our eyes. White can reduce cholesterol (胆固醇) Green is helpful to eyes. It also gives us strong bones and 8 (tooth) Blue helps us keep a good memory as we grow old. It also helps fight heart disease. So, 9 you are buying or eating fruits and vegetables, remember 10 (try) different colors of them. 1 2
12、. 3. 4. 5 6. 7. 8. 9 10. 1 natural 考查词性转换。 在名词前作定语， 要用形容词形式 natural。 故填 natural。 2eating 考查非谓语动词。enjoy doing sth 意为“喜欢做某事”，为 固定用法。故填 eating。 3is 考查动词的时态和主谓一致。根据主语 Each color 可判断用单 数形式；根据前后的语境判断时态用一般现在时。故填 is。 4our 考查代词。用在名词 bodies 前要用形容词性物主代词作定语。 故填 our。 答案 篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了各种不同颜色的水果和蔬 菜的益处。 5the
13、考查冠词。形容词 good 和定冠词 the 连用指“好的一方面”， 故填 the。 6possibly 考查词性转换。修饰动词 reduce，用副词。故填 possibly。 7for 考查介词。be good for 意为“对有益”，为固定短语。故 填 for。 8teeth 考查名词。因 tooth 是可数名词，且要与 and 前面的 bones 并列，故用复数形式。故填 teeth。 9when/while/if 考查连词。句意：如果你想购买或吃食物和蔬菜/当 你想购买或吃食物和蔬菜时，记得要尝试不同颜色的蔬菜和食物。此处为 状语从句， 结合句意， 用 when/while/if 引导
14、均符合语境。 故填 when/while/if。 答案 10to try 考查非谓语动词。句意：所以，如果你正在购买或食用水 果和蔬菜，记得尝试不同的颜色。remember to do “记住要做”，表示 去做未做的事情。故填 to try。 答案 Passage 3 (2020 四川省天府名校高三 5 月教学质量联合测评)Chinese researchers have developed a robot designed to help doctors treat the new coronavirus and other 1 (high) contagious (传染的) disease
15、s. The machine has a long robotic arm attached to a base with wheels. It can perform some of the same medical examination tasks 2 doctors. Cameras record the robots activities, 3 are controlled remotely so doctors can avoid 4 (come) in close contact with infected patients. Doctors and other medical
16、5 (worker) can operate the machine from a nearby room, or from much farther away. The robots main 6 (design) is Zheng Gangtie, an engineer and professor at Chinas Tsinghua University in Beijing. He said that he got the idea for the device around the time of the Lunar New Year in January. At the time
17、, 7 number of cases of the COVID- 19 virus was rising quickly in the city of Wuhan. COVID- 19 is the disease 8 (cause) by the new coronavirus. “Doctors are all very brave，” Zheng said. “But this virus is just too contagious. We can use robots to perform the most 9 (danger) tasks. I would like to bui
18、ld more of the robots, but money from the university 10 (run) out so far. Each robot costs about $72,000 to make.” 1 2. 3. 4. 5 6. 7. 8. 9 10. 1highly 考查词性转换。contagious 为形容词，故应用副词来修饰。 故填 highly。 2as 考查介词。此处表示“正如医生一样，可以执行一些医学检查 任务”。故填 as。 3which 考查定语从句的引导词。此处是一个非限制性定语从句， 且从句中缺主语，故应用关系代词 which 来引导。故填
19、which。 4coming 考查非谓语动词。avoid doing sth 为固定用法，意为“避 免做某事”。故填 coming。 答案 篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一款机器人。这款机 器人可以像医生一样执行医学任务，在新冠病毒期间发挥了很大的作用。 5workers 考查名词。此处指“其他医务工作者”，且根据句中的 other 可知，other 后跟名词复数。故填 workers。 6designer 考查词性转换。分析句意可知，此处指“设计者”。故填 designer。 7the 考查冠词。the number of “的数量”，为固定词组。故 填 the。 8caused
20、 考查非谓语动词。此句已有谓语动词 is，且 cause 与 disease 之间是被动关系，用过去分词。故填 caused。 答案 9dangerous 考查词性转换。tasks 为名词，故应用形容词来修饰。故 填 dangerous。 10has run 考查动词的时态。根据时间状语 so far 可知，此处应用现 在完成时。且此句的主语是 money，故谓语动词应用第三人称单数。故填 has run。 答案 Passage 4 (2020 江西省八所重点中学高三联考)New cars sold in Europe after May 2022 will be required to ha
21、ve 1 variety of new safety technologies. New safety rules from the European Union will require new cars to have “intelligent speed assistance” systems as standard equipment. Besides, all cars will be fitted with breathalyzers (呼吸分析器) 2 wont allow driving if the driver has drunk too much alcohol. 3 (
22、help) avoid accidents, cars must also have 4 (advance) systems to monitor the drivers attention levels. Around 25,000 people 5 (kill) each year on Europes roads, and most accidents are caused by human error. The European Commission has announced the new rules recently, 6 (say) intelligent speed limi
23、ters alone can 7 (effective) reduce road deaths. There has been a mixed reaction to the new safety technologies. The European Union said the technologies would make driving much 8 (safe). It said, “With the new technologies, we can have the same kind of impact as when safety belts were first introdu
24、ced.” It added the new safety technologies could save up to 10,500 lives and avoid up to 60, 000 serious 9 (injury) by the year 2030. But many drivers are unhappy with the technologies. They thought 10 would be more dangerous to employ them, since driving requires human judgment. 1 2. 3. 4. 5 6. 7.
25、8. 9 10. 1a 考查冠词。分析句子可知，variety 作为“种类”讲，是可数名 词，这里泛指“各种”，应用不定冠词修饰，variety 的发音为辅音音素开 头，故填 a。 2that/which 考查定语从句的引导词。此处为定语从句，修饰先行词 breathalyzers，指物，在从句中作主语，故填 that/which。 3To help 考查非谓语动词。设空处用来作目的状语，应用不定式形 式，故填 To help。 答案 篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了在 2022 年 5 月后，欧 洲销售的新汽车将被要求具有各种新的安全技术，可以大大减少交通事故。 4advanced
26、 考查词性转换。设空处修饰名词 systems，作定语，应用 形容词形式，故填 advanced。 5are killed 考查动词的时态和语态。句中缺少谓语动词，根据时间 状语 each year 可知，此处用一般现在时；主语和谓语之间为被动关系，应 用一般现在时的被动语态，故填 are killed。 6saying 考查非谓语动词。设空处作伴随状语，和主语之间是主动 关系，应用现在分词，故填 saying。 7effectively 考查词性转换。设空处修饰动词 reduce 作状语，应用 副词形式，故填 effectively。 答案 8safer 考查形容词的比较级。设空处作 mak
27、e 的宾语补足语，应用 形容词，根据语境及 much 修饰可知，应用比较级形式，故填 safer。 9injuries 考查名词。根据设空前的 6,000 serious 可知，设空处应为 可数名词复数，故填 injuries。 10it 考查代词。设空处用来代替 to employ them 作形式宾语，故填 it。 答案 Passage 5 (2020 辽宁省辽阳市高三一模考试)Penguins are some of the most recognizable and beloved birds in the world and even have their own holiday:
28、World Penguin Day. It 1 (celebrate) every year on April 25. Penguins are also 2 (amaze) birds because of their physical adaptations to survive in unusual climates and to live mostly at sea. Penguins are primarily found only in the Southern Hemisphere (南半球) while most people associate penguins with A
29、ntarctica in 3 these birds are much more widespread. Penguin populations can be found in South America, South Africa, Australia and New Zealand, as well 4 many small islands in the southern Pacific Ocean. The naturally northernmost penguin species is the Galapagos penguin, which lives year round nea
30、r the equator on the Galapagos Islands. This penguin 5 (regular) crosses the equator into the Northern Hemisphere as it swims while feeding. Penguins lost the ability to fly 6 (million) of years ago, but their powerful flippers (脚蹼) and streamlined bodies make them become 7 (skill) swimmers. They ar
31、e the fastest swimming and deepest diving species of the bird and can stay underwater up to 20 minutes at 8 time. While swimming, penguins will leap above the surface of the water. Penguins eyes work 9 (well) underwater than they do in the air, giving them superior eyesight 10 (spot) prey (猎物) while
32、 hunting, even in cloudy or dark water, or in the rapid flow. What a surprising and cute animal it is! 1 2. 3. 4. 5 6. 7. 8. 9 10. 篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了企鹅是一种神奇的鸟类并 介绍了其生活区域、外形等信息。 1is celebrated 考查动词的时态和语态。根据时间状语 every year 可 知，用一般现在时，且主语是 It，与 celebrate 之间是动宾关系，因此要用 被动语态。故填 is celebrated。 2amazing 考查
33、词性转换。根据名词 birds 可知，此处要用形容词作 定语修饰名词。故填 amazing。 3 which 考查定语从句的引导词。 根据介词 in 可知， 此处要用 which， 构成由 in which 引导的限制性定语从句， 先行词是 Antarctica, in which 在定 语从句中充当地点状语。故填 which。 4as 考查固定搭配。短语 as well as “以及，还有”是固定搭配。故 填 as。 答案 5regularly 考查词性转换。根据 crosses 可知，此处要用副词修饰谓 语动词。故填 regularly。 6 millions 考查名词。 根据 years
34、 ago 可知， 此处要用数量词， millions of “数百万的”。故填 millions。 7skilled/skillful/skilful 考查词性转换。根据 swimmers 可知，此处要 用形容词作定语，修饰名词。故填 skilled/skillful/skilful。 8a 考查冠词。at a time“一次，每次”，为固定搭配。故填 a。 9better 考查副词的比较级。根据 than they do in the air 可知，此处 要用副词的比较级来修饰动词 work。故填 better。 10to spot 考查非谓语动词。此处要用不定式作目的状语。故填 to sp
35、ot。 答案 Passage 6 (2020 广东省实验中学高三下学期联合测试)The Palace Museum, also known as the Forbidden City, is a much- visited and much- photographed tourist 1 (attract). This Chinese palace with a history of about 600 years receives millions of visits every year and lots of TV programs have showed the place in re
36、cent years. However, it still 2 (have) secrets, and a new program 3 (design) to explore those unknown areas and the stories within is set to show the palace in a new light. The variety show, Shang Xin Le Gu Gong, broadcast its first episode (一集) on Beijing TV and online streaming media site, iQ, on
37、November 9. That first episode won wide acceptance from audiences and 4 (think) highly of on D. “It brings many elements (元素) together, and everything in the show is 5 (perfect) matched and turns out amazing，” said 6 online user. “It brings me the thrill I felt when I stepped into the Palace Museum
38、for the first time.” In each one- hour- long episode, the actors and actresses switch between playing guides and historical figures 7 emperors and royal family members of the Qing Dynasty (16441911). They focus on areas 8 are still not accessible to the public and the stories 9 (surround) them. In t
39、he show, the actors and actresses are also joined by designers who will create 10 (product) based on what they see. The most popular ones, based on an online vote, are to be turned into souvenirs for sale. 1 2. 3. 4. 5 6. 7. 8. 9 10. 篇章导读：本文是一篇新闻报道。文章讲述了一个旨在揭秘故宫博物 馆秘事的节目上新了 故宫 ，以一种全新的角度带领观众了解故宫，节目 一
40、经播出就好评如潮并引发了相关网上投票活动。 1attraction 考查词性转换。“a much- visited and much- photographed tourist 1 ”是一个“冠词形容词名词”的名词短语结构，因为有 a，所以设空处用单数可数名词。故填 attraction。 2has 考查动词的时态。and 后面的句子，其谓语动词 is 用的是一般 现在时，前后两个分句时态保持一致，故填 has。 3designed 考查词性转换。is set 是谓语动词，故设空处为非谓语动 词； 且 a new program 和 design 是逻辑上的动宾关系， 表被动。 故填 desi
41、gned。 4was thought 考查动词的时态和语态。and 连接前后两句，上一句 谓语动词 won 用一般过去时，设空处也应用一般过去时；又因为 That first episode 和 think 之间是被动关系，故填 was thought。 答案 5 perfectly 考查词性转换。 修饰动词 matched 用副词， 故填 perfectly。 6an 考查冠词。此处泛指一位网络用户，且 online 的发音以元音音 素开头，所以用 an。故填 an。 7like/including 考查介词。此处表示举例或包括，like 意为“类似， 像”，including意为“包括在内
42、”。故填 like/including。 8which/that 考查定语从句的引导词。此处为定语从句，且 areas是 先行词，指物，在从句中作主语，所以用 which/that。故填 which/that。 9 surrounding 考查非谓语动词。 此句是主系表结构， areas 和 the stories 是并列名词，所以设空处为非谓语动词；the stories 与 surround 之间是主动 关系。故填 surrounding。 答案 10products 考查名词。designers 后面是一个定语从句，从句谓语动 词 create 后面缺宾语， 故用名词作宾语； 此处意为“
43、演员们和设计师将根据 所看到的东西来创作产品”，故填 products。 答案 ( (二二) ) Passage 1 (2020 全国卷) Decorating with Plants, Fruits and Flowers for Chinese New Year Chinese New Year is a 1 (celebrate) marking the end of the winter season and the beginning of spring. This is why decorating with plants, fruits and flowers 2 (carry)
44、 special significance. They represent the earth 3 (come) back to life and best wishes for new beginnings. These are some of the most popular in many parts of the country： Oranges: Orange trees are more 4 decoration; they are a symbol of good fortune and wealth. They make great gifts and you see them
45、 many times 5 (decorate) with red envelopes and messages of good fortune. Bamboo: Chinese love their “Lucky Bamboo” plants and you will see them often in their homes and offices. 6 (certain) during the holiday period, this plant is a must. Bamboo plants are associated 7 health, abundance and a happy
46、 home. They are easy 8 (care) for and make great presents. Branches of Plum Blossoms (梅花): The 9 (beauty) long branches covered with pink- colored buds (蓓蕾) make fantastic decorations. The plum trees are 10 first to flower even as the snow is melting (融化). They represent the promise of spring and a
47、renewal of life. 1 2. 3. 4. 5 6. 7. 8. 9 10. 1celebration 考查词性转换。不定冠词 a 后接名词形式。故填 celebration。 2carries 考查主谓一致。根据句子结构可知，此处是一个表语从句， 从句主语为动名词短语，所以谓语动词用单数形式。故填 carries。 3coming 考查非谓语动词。句意：它们代表着大地的复苏和对新的 开始的美好祝愿。句中谓语动词为 represent，所以这里为非谓语动词。名 词 earth 与 come back to 之间为主动关系，所以用现在分词作后置定语。故 填 coming。 答案 篇章
48、导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了用一些植物、水果和鲜花 装饰中国新年的寓意。 4 than 考查固定短语。 句意： 桔子树不仅仅是装饰品。 more than “不 仅仅，不只是”为固定短语。故填 than。 5decorated 考查非谓语动词。句中 them 指代前句中的 orange trees， 与 decorate 之间为被动关系， 所以用过去分词作宾语补足语。 故填 decorated。 6Certainly 考查词性转换。此处需用副词修饰介词短语 during the holiday period。故填 Certainly。 7with 考查介词。句意：竹类植物与健康、富足和家
49、庭幸福联系在 一起。be associated with “与相联系”。故填 with。 答案 8to care 考查非谓语动词。句意：它们很容易照顾，也很适合作为 礼物。这里为“be 形容词 to do”结构。故填 to care。 9beautiful 考查词性转换。修饰名词 branches，用形容词形式。故填 beautiful。 10the 考查冠词。序数词 first 前要加定冠词 the。故填 the。 答案 Passage 2 (2020 河北省衡水市高三年级下学期第一次模拟考试)Eating a diet rich in high- quality protein may h
50、elp you maintain a healthy weight by 1 (make) you feel full longer, and fueling you with extra energy for exercising. High- protein 2 (diet) arent balanced in terms of the essential nutrients, vitamins, and fiber your body needs. However, a diet that is too high in animal protein can 3 (actual) lead
