1、Unit 1 Relationships Section Grammar 走近新课走近新课一起感知一起感知 语法探究语法探究一起思考一起思考 语法感知 画出句子中的过去完成时画出句子中的过去完成时 1.I suppose I was a bit lazy and now I wish Id done more work,especially in maths. 2.Before Mr Jenkins,science had simply been a subject full of strange words to me. 3.I had heard stories about his bad
2、 behaviour. 4.He was very bright and he had done very well in science subjects. 5.I knew I had chosen a job with a lot of stress but I love what I do. 知识脉络 语法精讲 过去完成时过去完成时 英语语法中英语语法中,时态被切分成三大时间节点时态被切分成三大时间节点:过去时、现在时过去时、现在时 及将来时。过去完成时属于过去时的一部分及将来时。过去完成时属于过去时的一部分,表达的意义通表达的意义通 常为以下三种常为以下三种: 1.表达在一个事件发生
3、前表达在一个事件发生前,已经发生的事情。通常放在复合已经发生的事情。通常放在复合 句中句中,有一般过去时作为参照有一般过去时作为参照; 2.表达到过去某个时间为止已经发生的事情表达到过去某个时间为止已经发生的事情,通常与通常与by the end of last+时间点连用时间点连用; 3.用在虚拟结构中用在虚拟结构中,用于表达对已发生的事情的虚拟用于表达对已发生的事情的虚拟,常用于常用于 if only,wish,as if,would rather 引导的虚拟结构中及引导的虚拟结构中及if引导的引导的 表达对过去事实的虚拟结构中。表达对过去事实的虚拟结构中。 一、结构一、结构 过去完成时的
4、基本结构为过去完成时的基本结构为 had done 过去完成时的被动结构为过去完成时的被动结构为 had been done 过去完成时的否定结构为过去完成时的否定结构为 hadnt/had not been done 过去完成时的疑问结构为过去完成时的疑问结构为 had sb/sth done 二、用法二、用法 1.表达表达“过去的过去过去的过去”:在一个事件发生前在一个事件发生前,已经发生的事情。已经发生的事情。 通常放在复合句中通常放在复合句中,有一般过去时作为参照。有一般过去时作为参照。 He had had breakfast before he came to school. 上学
5、之前他已经吃了早饭了。上学之前他已经吃了早饭了。 I suspect that she had already known what had happened before you told her. 我怀疑在你告诉她之前我怀疑在你告诉她之前,她已经知道发生了什么事。她已经知道发生了什么事。 对比对比:Many years ago,Jane lived in the flat with her grandma for a long period of time.(出现时间段出现时间段+ago的形式的形式 时时,我们采用一般过去时。我们采用一般过去时。) 许多年前许多年前,简和她奶奶在公寓里住了
6、很长一段时间。简和她奶奶在公寓里住了很长一段时间。 【即学即用】【即学即用】 单句语法填空单句语法填空 Mr Smith died yesterday.He (be) a good friend of mine. His parents (go) to bed when he came back home. had been had gone 2.表示从过去的某一时刻开始表示从过去的某一时刻开始,一直延续到过去的另一个时一直延续到过去的另一个时 间的动作或状态间的动作或状态,常和常和for,since构成的时间状语构成的时间状语,by the end of last/past+时间点等连用。时
7、间点等连用。 They had finished two-thirds of the project by the end of last month. 到上个月底到上个月底,他们已经完成了项目的三分之二。他们已经完成了项目的三分之二。 By the time you arrived in London,we had been in Europe for two weeks. 到你到达伦敦的时候到你到达伦敦的时候,我们已经在欧洲两个礼拜了。我们已经在欧洲两个礼拜了。 He said he had worked in that factory since 2008. 他说从他说从2008年开始他
8、就在那家工厂工作。年开始他就在那家工厂工作。 对比对比He has worked in that factory since 2008.(如果句子的如果句子的 上下文没有过去时的时态背景上下文没有过去时的时态背景,出现类似出现类似since+时间点的形式时间点的形式 时时,我们采用现在完成时我们采用现在完成时) It was said that he had lived in the apartment for the last few decades. 据说过去几十年他一直住在那个公寓里。据说过去几十年他一直住在那个公寓里。 对比对比:He has lived in the apartmen
9、t for the last few decades. (如果句子的上下文没有过去时的时态背景如果句子的上下文没有过去时的时态背景,出现类似出现类似for the last few decades的时间状语时的时间状语时,我们采用现在完成时我们采用现在完成时) 【即学即用】【即学即用】 单句语法填空单句语法填空 By nine oclock last night,we (get) 200 pictures from the spaceship. I (be) at the bus stop for 20 minutes when a bus finally came. We (learn) o
10、ver two thousand English words over the last few months. had got had been had learned 3.用在用在hardly.when.,no sooner.than.,以及以及It was the first (second,etc) time (that).等固定句型中。等固定句型中。 Hardly had he begun to speak when the audience interrupted him. 他刚开始演讲他刚开始演讲,听众就打断了他。听众就打断了他。 No sooner had he arrived
11、 than he went away again. 他刚到就又走了。他刚到就又走了。 It was the third time that he had been out of work that year. 这是他那一年第三次失业了。这是他那一年第三次失业了。 【即学即用】【即学即用】 单句语法填空单句语法填空 It was the first time that he (be) late for school. I had hardly opened the door when a cat (rush) into my house. had been rushed 4.虚拟语气虚拟语气 i
12、f only,wish,as if,as though及及would rather 引导的虚拟引导的虚拟,表表 达与已发生过的事情相反的愿望达与已发生过的事情相反的愿望 I would rather you hadnt been abroad at all. 我宁愿你没有出过国。我宁愿你没有出过国。 I went to bed early last night,but I wish I hadnt done so. 我昨晚很早睡我昨晚很早睡,但我真希望我没有这么做。但我真希望我没有这么做。 if引导的表达对过去事实的虚拟引导的表达对过去事实的虚拟 I didnt see your sister
13、 at the meeting.If she had been there,she would have met my brother. 我没有在会议上见到你妹妹。如果她去了那里我没有在会议上见到你妹妹。如果她去了那里,她一定能见她一定能见 到我弟弟。到我弟弟。 【即学即用】【即学即用】 单句语法填空单句语法填空 You didnt let me drive.If we (drive) in turn,you wouldnt have been so tired. This device operated well as though it _ (repair). had driven had been repaired
