1、Grammar and Usage (I) Simple, Compound and Complex Sentences (简单句，并列句，复合句简单句，并列句，复合句) Unit 2 Lets talk teens 句子成分句子成分 主语主语 (subjectS /sbdkt/) 谓语谓语 (verbV) 宾语宾语 (objectO /bdkt/ ) 表语表语 (predicativeP /prdktv/ ) 定语定语 (attributiveAttr. /trbjtv/ ) 状语状语 (adverbialA /dvbil/ ) 宾补宾补 (complementC /kmplm()nt/ )
2、 Sentence elements Subject Verb Object Complement 谓语 宾语 补语 Adverbial 状语 Predicative 表语 主语 Attributive 定语 The teacher gave a speech. Many students join school club. We should develop good study habits. Listening to music makes me relaxed. Maggie plans her study carefully. Its a lovely day. I went to
3、a large library yesterday. 1 4 5 2 3 6 7 8 主主谓谓 主主系系表表 主主谓谓宾宾 主主谓谓宾宾宾宾 主主谓谓宾补宾补 主谓主谓状状 主谓宾主谓宾状状 存现句存现句 Sentence structures Sentence structures be/keep/become/taste/turn outbe/keep/become/taste/turn out give/pass/buy/tell/writegive/pass/buy/tell/write see/hear/make/keep/leave/asksee/hear/make/keep/le
4、ave/ask happen, listen, look, rise(vi)happen, listen, look, rise(vi) raise, hear, see(vt.)raise, hear, see(vt.) 1. I often find him playing basketball on the playground. 2. To be honest, your pronunciation is not so good. 3. Would you please tell me your address? 4. He sat there, reading a newspaper
5、. 5. It is our duty to keep our classroom clean and tidy. 6. He noticed a man enter the room. 7. The apples tasted sweet. 8. The sun was shining. 9. The moon rose. 10. He is reading a book. Analyse the sentence structure: SVOC SVP SVOO SVA SVP SVOC SVP SV SV SVO Simple sentences ( (简单句简单句) ) Rule 1
6、A simple sentence is made up of one independent clause which has one _ combination. (一套主谓结构) subject-verb 15 一套主谓结构一套主谓结构 简单句简单句 1. My mother _ I visited Beijing last year. 2. Not your mother _ your father gave me the book. 3. His brother went out _ saw the king at the station. 4. He received the in
7、vitation to the meeting _ refused it. 5. You can choose to get help either from your parents _ from your teacher. 6. The girl promised to help us _ she didnt turn up. 7. I was ill yesterday, _ I couldnt go to school. 8. Harry up, _ you will be late. 9. Try to help others _ you will make the world a
8、nicer place to live in. and but and but or but so 67 两套以上主谓结构两套以上主谓结构, 由由and, but, or, so, for等连接等连接并列句并列句 or/otherwise and Practice: Compound sentences(并列句并列句) Rule 2 A compound sentence contains _ main clauses. We use linking words such as_, or, _, so or for to link the clauses. 两套以上句子两套以上句子, 由并列连
9、词链接由并列连词链接 two or more 1. The internet is useful and we use it a lot. 2. I have traveled to many places, but I still want to visit more. 3. Shall I send the book to you, or will you come to get it? 4. They have different ideas, so they have solved the problem in different ways. 5. I cannot tell Mary
10、s appearance, for I have never seen her. and but Find the linking words. * * 并列连词并列连词 1.表示并列关系：表示并列关系： 2. 表示转折关系：表示转折关系： 3. 表示选择关系：表示选择关系： 4. 表示因果关系：表示因果关系： and(和和); not onlybut also(不但不但.而且而且.); notbut(不是不是.而是而是.); neithernor(既不既不.也不也不.) but; while(然而然而); yet(但是但是,然而然而) 注意注意: not only/neither/nor/
11、not 部分要部分倒装。部分要部分倒装。 yet/ still / however/ nevertheless为副词为副词 or; otherwise(否则否则); eitheror(或者或者或者或者) otherwise作并列连词用于句型作并列连词用于句型: Study hard, or/otherwise you will fail. so(因此因此); for(因为因为) so(如此如此;很很); therefore/thus/hence(因此因此) 为副词为副词。 1. She is friendly _ she is always ready to help others. 2. I
12、 knocked at the door, _ he did not open it. 3. It must have rained last night _ the ground is still wet. 4. Jane was dressed in green _ Mary was dressed in blue. 5. Not only _ he learned the knowledge, but also he can apply it to his research. 6. Neither _ he smoke, nor _ he smoke in the future. 7.
13、Not _ he refuse to do it, but he has no ability to do it. and has does does will Practice: but for while 8. Most of the class went on the trip; however, Li Hua stayed at school. 9. The girls did the dishes; the boys swept the floor. 1. You will never gain success _ you really work hard at your work.
14、 2. I cannt understand _ he said at the meeting yesterday. 3. The book _he introduced to me last week is very interesting. 4. The news is _ he will go back to his hometown. 5. _ he told us was not true. 6. I cant answer the question _ he missed the train. 7. I dont know the person _ is there. 8. _ I
15、 saw him, he was working. unless what that What adverbial clause 状语从句状语从句(条件条件) object clause 宾语从句宾语从句(名词从句名词从句) attributive clause 定语从句定语从句 predicative clause 表语从句表语从句(名词从句名词从句) that/ which subject clause主语从句主语从句(名词从句名词从句) why appositive clause同位语从句同位语从句(名词从句名词从句) who/that attributive clause定语从句定语从
16、句 adverbial clause 状语从句状语从句(时间时间) When Complex sentences(主从主从)复合句复合句 Practice: Please point out the types of sentences below： 1. Heated arguments and cold silences are common between teenagers and their parents. 2. Teenagers physical changes may result in such family tensions. 3. It can be a big hea
17、dache to balance your developing mental needs too. 4. Although sometimes it may seem impossible to get along as a family, you can take action to improve the situation. 5. The key to keeping the peace is regular and honest communication. 6. The good news is that this stormy period will not last. 7. E
18、verything will turn out all right in the end, and the changes and challenges of your teenage years will prepare you for adulthood. 8. Unfortunately, your parents do not always agree and that makes you feel unhappy. simple sentence simple sentence simple simple complex complex sentence compound sente
19、nce compound sentence 句子 类型 简单句 并列句 主从复合句 定语从句 状语从句 名词性从句 主语从句 宾语从句 表语从句 同位语从句 只有一套主谓结构 一个主句+ 一个(以上)从句 ( (从属连词连接从属连词连接) ) 两个或两个以上的句子( (并列连词连接并列连词连接) ) * * 并列并列( (复合复合) )句句 1. I said that I had no time, _ he insisted that I should go with him. 2. I asked who the lady was _ he replied that she was his
20、 teacher 5 years ago. 3. He was seriously injured _ we advised that he should be sent to the hospital. but and so 长句难句分析结构时多把握长句难句分析结构时多把握整体结构整体结构， 再分析再分析从句结构从句结构，最后整理，最后整理全句大意全句大意。 课课练课课练 P34 一一 I- Please point out the types of sentences below： 1. He doesnt come from France. 2. Most of Europeans do
21、nt like Chinese food. 3. Its our duty to love our environment and protect it. 4. We think the task is very difficult, yet they dont think so. 5. You must explain to your parents why you have done that. 6. A raincoat or an umbrella can help you not to get wet in rain. 7. What we should do is encourag
22、e students to study by themselves. 8. Especially, you should communicate with your parents when you are upset. 9. Electrical toothbush seemed impossible 100 years ago, but now it has come true. 10. I had an unusual experience and I experienced an amazing trip with my friends. simple sentence simple
23、sentence simple sentence compound complex simple complex complex compound sentence compound sentence _ _ _ II- Complete the following sentences： 1. _ there is a will, there is a way. 2. I have a friend _ has a good camera. 3. Youll fail the exam _ you dont study hard. 4. _ you have heard the song, y
24、ou will never forget it. 5. _ it was raining hard, they didnt stop working. 6. We should be more careful, _ it is already dark. 7. The car _ my uncle had just bought was made in China. 8. _ I lived there, I used to go to the seashore on Sundays. 9. The building _ windows are bright at night is our s
25、chool building. 10. Shed like to offer money to _ needs it to continue his or her study. When Where who/that if Once Although/Though because which/that whose whoever _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 提提 升升 练练 习习 1. English has hurt me a thousand times, but I still regard it as my first love. Practice: 分析句子结构分析句
26、子结构 2. You cant have a better tomorrow if youre still thinking about yesterday. ( ) 主谓宾主谓宾 + but + 主谓宾宾补主谓宾宾补 主谓宾主谓宾 + if 状语从句状语从句(主谓宾主谓宾) compound sentence complex sentence 3. Sometimes you will never know the true value of a moment until it becomes a memory. Practice: 分析句子结构分析句子结构 4. Attempt doesn
27、t necessarily bring success, but giving up definitely leads to failure. 主谓宾主谓宾 + never until 状语从句状语从句(主系表主系表) 主谓宾主谓宾 + but + 主谓宾主谓宾 ( ) complex sentence compound sentence 5. The best preparation for tomorrow is doing your best today. Practice: 分析句子结构分析句子结构 6. Dear Daddy, I may find a prince someday,
28、 but you will always be my king. 主系表主系表 主谓宾主谓宾 + but + 主系表主系表 simple sentence compound sentence 7. The best color in the whole world, is the one that looks good on you! Practice: 分析句子结构分析句子结构 8. Whatever is worth doing at all is worth doing well. 主系表主系表+ that定语从句定语从句(主系表主系表) Whatever主语从句主语从句(主系表主系表)
29、 + 系表系表 ( ) ( ) complex sentence complex sentence 9. Dream is what makes you happy, even when you are just trying. Practice: 分析句子结构分析句子结构 10. The most important thing in life is not how long you will live, but whom you are living with. 主系主系+what表语从句表语从句(主谓宾宾补主谓宾宾补) + when状语从句从句状语从句从句(主谓主谓) 主主系系+ not表语从句表语从句(主谓主谓) + but表语从句表语从句(主谓宾主谓宾) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) complex sentence complex sentence
