1、Attributive clauses 定语从句定语从句 复习复习 关系代词关系代词 关系代词用法关系代词用法 关系代词关系代词 指代指代 在从句中在从句中 的作用的作用 that which who whom whose 人物人物 主宾主宾 物物 主宾主宾 人人 主宾主宾 人人 宾宾 人物人物 定定 who指人指人,在定语从句中作在定语从句中作主语或宾语主语或宾语。作宾。作宾 语时，可省略。语时，可省略。 The man (who) I talked with is our teacher. A person who steals things is called a thief. whom
2、指人指人, ,在定语从句中作宾语，可省在定语从句中作宾语，可省 略。略。 The man (whom) I talked to is Mr. Li. who, whom which 指物，在定语从句中作主语或宾指物，在定语从句中作主语或宾 语。作宾语时，可省略。语。作宾语时，可省略。 These are the trees which were planted last year. This recorder （which） he is using is made in Japan. which He is the man (that) I told you about. that 指人或物，
3、在定语从句中作主语或宾指人或物，在定语从句中作主语或宾 语。作宾语时，可省略。语。作宾语时，可省略。 A plane is a machine that can fly. that whose指人或物指人或物, 在定语从句中作定语在定语从句中作定语 。 不可省略。不可省略。 We live in a house whose windows face south. This is the little girl whose parents were killed in the great earthquake. whose Practice 1.The man _is talking to me
4、 is a friend of my fathers. 2.The school _is famous here has a long history. 3.I live in the house _windows face south. 4.The man _ I am talking to is Mr.Zhang. that/who/whom/省略省略 that/which whose that/who 通常只能使用通常只能使用that 或或which的场合的场合 1. All _ we have to do is to practice every day. Conclusion： 2.
5、 The first lesson _ I learned will never be forgotten Conclusion： that 先行词是不定代词先行词是不定代词all, few, little, much, all, few, little, much, something, nothing, anythingsomething, nothing, anything等，宜用等，宜用that.that. that 先行词是序数词或形容词最高级或被序数词先行词是序数词或形容词最高级或被序数词 或形容词的最高级修饰时，宜用或形容词的最高级修饰时，宜用that.that. 只用只用tha
6、t 的场合的场合 3. I have read all the books _ you gave me. Conclusion： that 先行词被先行词被the only, just, all, any, every, the only, just, all, any, every, few, little, no, some few, little, no, some 等修饰时，宜用等修饰时，宜用that.that. 4. They talked of things and persons _ they remembered in the school. Conclusion： 先行词既有
7、人又有物时，宜用先行词既有人又有物时，宜用that.that. that 5.Who is the boy _ was here just now? Which is the bike _you lost? Conclusion： 当主语是以当主语是以who/whichwho/which开头的特殊疑问句时，开头的特殊疑问句时， 定语从定语从 句须用句须用thatthat，以免重复。，以免重复。 that that 1. This is the house in_ Ji Xiaolan used to live. which 介词提到关系代词前且指物时，用介词提到关系代词前且指物时，用which
8、which。如。如 for for which , on which, in which, of which which , on which, in which, of which 等。等。 2.Water is very important , _we use every day. 引导非限制性定语从句且指物时，用引导非限制性定语从句且指物时，用whichwhich， 不能用不能用thatthat。 which 只用只用which的场合的场合 限制性定语从句和限制性定语从句和 非限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句 1.The man who greeted me is my teacher.
9、2.John, who greeted me, is my teacher. 指出下面两个句子哪个是限制性定语从句哪个是指出下面两个句子哪个是限制性定语从句哪个是 非限制性定语从句。非限制性定语从句。 限制性定语从句限制性定语从句 非限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句 形形 式式 上上 不用逗号“不用逗号“ ，”，” 与主句隔开与主句隔开 用逗号“用逗号“ ，”与主，”与主 句隔开句隔开 意意 义义 上上 是先行词不可缺是先行词不可缺 少的定语，如删少的定语，如删 除，主句则失去除，主句则失去 意义或意思表达意义或意思表达 不完整不完整 只是对先行词的补只是对先行词的补 充说明，如删除，充说明，如
10、删除， 主句仍能表达完整主句仍能表达完整 的意思。的意思。 限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句的区别限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句的区别 限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句的区别限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句的区别 限制性定语从句限制性定语从句 非限制性定语非限制性定语 从句从句 关系关系 词的词的 使用使用 上上 1. 作宾语时可省略作宾语时可省略 1. 不可省略不可省略 2. 可用可用that 2. 不用不用that 1.1.引导非限制性定语从句的引导非限制性定语从句的whichwhich可以指可以指 代前面的先行词，代前面的先行词，也可以指代前面整个也可以指代前面整个 句子。句子。 He
11、 is late for school every day, which makes her teacher angry. Water is very important, without which we cant live. 2.2.除除which which 外，还可用外，还可用when, where, when, where, who, whomwho, whom等关系副词或代词引导非限制等关系副词或代词引导非限制 性定语从句。性定语从句。 After graduation, I decided to stay in Chongqing, where I spent my childh
12、ood and four years of college life. Albert Einstein left Germany for the United States during the World War II, when Jews were badly treated in Germany. 非限制性定语从句通常不能用非限制性定语从句通常不能用that 引导。引导。 1. I like the book, that was bought yesterday. 我喜欢这本书，这是昨天买的。我喜欢这本书，这是昨天买的。 2. I like the book which / that w
13、as bought yesterday. 我喜欢昨天买的那本书。我喜欢昨天买的那本书。 which 5.非限制性定语从句不能用非限制性定语从句不能用why引导引导 要用要用for which代替代替why。 1. I had told them the reason, for which I didnt attend the meeting. 2. I had told them the reason why I didnt attend the meeting. 介词介词+关系词的定义关系词的定义 当介词后的宾语提前做为先行词时，介词可当介词后的宾语提前做为先行词时，介词可 以放在定语从句中
14、，也可提前放于关系词前以放在定语从句中，也可提前放于关系词前 He is the person _ you spoke to. that/who/whom He is the person _ you spoke. to whom This is the house _ I lived 4 years ago. in This is the house _ I lived 4 years ago. that/which in which 介词介词+关系词关系词 一、先行词是物时，介词后用关系词一、先行词是物时，介词后用关系词which，先行词是人，先行词是人 时，介词后用关系词时，介词后用关系
15、词whom. 三、介词后面的关系词不能省略。三、介词后面的关系词不能省略。 She is the teacher to ( ) I am grateful. This is the library from ( ) he borrowed the book. whom which 3.在在of which/whom之前可以使用表达数之前可以使用表达数 量的量的数词数词或或代词代词。 1. I am doing different types of exercises, all of which are quite helpful to my health. 2.I have three sis
16、ters, two of whom are living in Shanghai. 关系副词的用法关系副词的用法 关系副词关系副词 指代指代 在从句中的作用在从句中的作用 when where why 时间时间 时间状语时间状语 地点地点 地点状语地点状语 原因原因 原因状语原因状语 关系副词关系副词when, where, why 和介词和介词+which之间的关系之间的关系 关系副词关系副词when, where, why可以用可以用 适当的介词适当的介词+which来替代。来替代。 如：如：when=in/on/at+which, where=in/on/at+which, why=fo
17、r which 4.I will never forget the day _we were in the country. 5. This is the park _you took photos last Sunday. 6. That was the reason_he looked old. when/on which where/in which why/for which 对比练习：用适当的关系词填空对比练习：用适当的关系词填空 1. The room _ he once lived is still there. The room _ I have to clean every
18、day belongs to my mother. where/in which (that/which) 对比练习：用适当的关系词填 空 2. I will never forget the day_ I met you. I will never forget the day _ we spent together. when/on which (that/which/省略省略) The reason _ I dont know is known to him. (that/which) why/for which 3. The reason _ I dont know the thing
19、 is that I was not there at that time. 1. I wont forget the day on which I was born. 2. This is the room in which I lived. 3. I dont know the reason for which he havent come today. 4. Tom still remembers the days during which they lived in Tianjin. 5. Hangzhou is the place to which I went last year.
20、 =when =where =why =when =where 介词介词关系代词引导的定语从句关系代词引导的定语从句, ,关关 键是判断键是判断介词的选择介词的选择, ,方法一是看从句方法一是看从句 谓语部分谓语部分缺少什么介词缺少什么介词( (习惯搭配习惯搭配), ),再则再则 可以通过整个句子整体含义来判断可以通过整个句子整体含义来判断, ,结结 合生活实际来判断合生活实际来判断. . Tips The money _ which you were to buy dog food is gone. He will never forget the day _ which he failed
21、 in the exam. This is the mountain village _ which I stayed last year. Ill never forget the farm _which I worked together with you. with the money 用钱用钱 on with in on on the day 在那天在那天 in the mountain village在山村在山村 on the farm在农场在农场 as与与which 引导定语引导定语 从句的区别从句的区别 as和和which的区别的区别 as和和which都可以代指前面的先行词或整
22、个句子，都可以代指前面的先行词或整个句子， 在从句中作主语，或用作及物动词的宾语，如，在从句中作主语，或用作及物动词的宾语，如， He married her， whichas was natural I was very helpful to him， which/ as he realized 但下列情况下但下列情况下as和和which一般不能一般不能 互换：互换： 1 as引导的非限制性定语从句可以放在引导的非限制性定语从句可以放在句句 首、句末首、句末，也可以插入，也可以插入主句中主句中，而，而which指前指前 面提到的事实或情况，一般放在主句之后，面提到的事实或情况，一般放在主句之
23、后， 如：如： As our teacher points out， that book is of benefit to everyone Heat is a form of energy， as is known to all of us This machine， as might be expected， has stopped operating 2as含有含有正如、按照、正像正如、按照、正像之意，之意，as一一 般用在般用在肯定肯定句中，而句中，而which则可以则可以用于含用于含 否定意义的句子中否定意义的句子中，如：，如： He failed in the exam again
24、， as was expected He failed in the exam again， which was unexpected 3下列固定结构，一般不能用下列固定结构，一般不能用which， 如：如： as has been said before 如前所述如前所述 as often happens 正像经常发生的那样正像经常发生的那样 as is well known= as is known to all 众所周知众所周知 as we have expected正如我们预料的正如我们预料的 那样那样 as has been mentioned above正如上正如上 面提到的面提到
25、的 as we can see 正如大家看到的那样正如大家看到的那样 asas引导的限制性定语从句引导的限制性定语从句 1.as 常用于常用于the same.as, such. as , 如：如： I have never seen such a lazy man as you . He is such a person_we like very much. as Part 其他注意点其他注意点 填上合适的关系词填上合适的关系词 I dont like the way _he spoke to me. that/in which/不填不填 1：the way用做先行词用做先行词 当当 the
26、 way the way 在从句中作在从句中作状语状语，意为方式方法的时，意为方式方法的时 候，引导定语从句的关系词可以有三种形式，候，引导定语从句的关系词可以有三种形式， that/in which/that/in which/省略。省略。 注意：注意：the way the way 在从句中作为主语、宾语、表语时在从句中作为主语、宾语、表语时 关系代词用关系代词用that/which,that/which,作宾语时，关系代词可以作宾语时，关系代词可以 省略。省略。 1. Ive come to the point where I cant stand him. 2. The country
27、 is in the situation where a war will break out at any time. 我已经到了无法容忍他的地步了。我已经到了无法容忍他的地步了。 国家正处在随时有可能爆发战争的局势中。国家正处在随时有可能爆发战争的局势中。 2.2.先行词是抽象的地点，用关系副词先行词是抽象的地点，用关系副词wherewhere引导。引导。 如果定语从句分别修饰如果定语从句分别修饰point, situation, point, situation, stage, condition, case, positionstage, condition, case, positi
28、on等表示等表示 “情况，状况，形势情况，状况，形势”等抽象意义的词，常用等抽象意义的词，常用 where where 引导，意思是“到了某种地步，在某种引导，意思是“到了某种地步，在某种 境况中”境况中” 。 3.“one of+复数名词复数名词+定语从句定语从句”中，定语从”中，定语从 句一般被看成修饰复数名词，因此该从句的句一般被看成修饰复数名词，因此该从句的 谓语用谓语用复数形式复数形式；在“；在“the only one of+复复 数名词数名词+定语从句”定语从句”中，定语从句常看成修中，定语从句常看成修 饰单数名词，从句饰单数名词，从句谓语用单数形式谓语用单数形式。 This is one of the best novels that have appeared this year. He was the only one of the boys who was given a prize.
