1、Language Points Reading Unit 2 Be sporty, be healthy! You want to start doing exercise? Congratulations! You have just taken your first step towards a new and improved you! 你你想开始锻炼了？恭喜你！你已经向一个崭想开始锻炼了？恭喜你！你已经向一个崭新新 的的更好的自己迈出了第一步更好的自己迈出了第一步。 congratulations n.“something that you say when you want to c
2、ongratulate someone” 祝贺，恭喜；祝贺，恭喜； 贺词贺词 congratulations (to sb. ) on sth. 就就(向某人向某人)祝贺祝贺 offer/express ones congratulations to sb.向某人表向某人表 示祝贺示祝贺 Congratulations！祝贺你祝贺你！(口语口语) 【拓展拓展】 congratulate v. 祝祝贺贺 congratulate sb. on sth. 为某事向某人祝为某事向某人祝贺贺 congratulate oneself on/upon 感到自豪；暗自庆幸；为自己高感到自豪；暗自庆幸；为自
3、己高兴兴 【易易错点错点拨拨】 (1) congratulation用作祝贺语时用作祝贺语时，通常用复数通常用复数形形 式式；作为；作为祝贺祝贺这一抽象意义时这一抽象意义时，通常用通常用单单 数数形式形式。 (2) congratulate的宾语是的宾语是sb.而而不是不是sth.，且该且该 动词动词后不接带不定式的复合结构或后不接带不定式的复合结构或that从句从句。 易混辨析易混辨析 congratulate，celebrate congratulate意为意为祝贺祝贺，是用语言表达祝贺之意是用语言表达祝贺之意， 其宾语是人；若要表明所祝贺的事情其宾语是人；若要表明所祝贺的事情，后面用介词
4、后面用介词on 连接连接，即即congratulate sb. on sth. 。 celebrate意为意为庆祝庆祝，庆贺庆贺，指举行盛大指举行盛大、隆重的隆重的 仪式来庆祝或纪念有意义的日子或事件仪式来庆祝或纪念有意义的日子或事件。常用表示节常用表示节 日日、胜利胜利、成功等的名词作宾语成功等的名词作宾语，构成构成celebrate sth. 1. I sent a card of _(congratulate) to the newly married couple. 2. He has received many letters_ congratulation of his birth
5、day. 3. She congratulated him _ the birth of his son. 4. _(congratulate) on the success of your experiment! Practice makes perfect. congratulation in on Congratulations 【语境应用语境应用】补全句子。补全句子。 1) We _ _ _ _ _ _ (祝贺他找到新祝贺他找到新 工作工作). 2) I _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ (对你的成功致以最热烈的祝贺对你的成功致以最热烈的祝贺). 3) I _ _ _ _ _ _ _ (
6、正庆幸自己侥正庆幸自己侥 幸逃脱幸逃脱) when disaster struck. congratulated him on his new job send you my warmest congratulations on your success was congratulating myself on my lucky escape Most people assume that(line 4) v. to think or accept that sth is true but without having proof of it 假定，假设，认为假定，假设，认为 v. to ta
7、ke or begin to have power or responsibility 承担（责任），取得（全力）承担（责任），取得（全力） v. to begin to have a particular quality or appearance呈现呈现 (1)assume v 假定；设想；承担；假装假定；设想；承担；假装 assume sb./sth.(to be)adj./n. 假定假定/认为某人认为某人/某某 事事(为为) It is assumed that. 人们认为人们认为 assuming (that). 假设假设 (2)assumption n. 假定，假设假定，假设 on
8、 the assumption that. 假定假定 make an assumption 作出假设作出假设 1. His actions were based on a false _ (assume). 2. _(assume) hes still alive, how old would he be now? 3. It is reasonable _(assume) that the economy will continue to improve. 4. It is generally assumed that exercise can contribute _ a sound sl
9、eep. Practice makes perfect. Practice makes perfect. Assuming to assume assumption to 【语境应用语境应用】按要求完成句子。按要求完成句子。 1) If there wasnt the hard work of the dustman, what can you imagine our environment will be like? (用用assuming that.改写改写) _ _, what can you imagine our environment will be like? Assuming
10、that there wasnt the hard work of the dustman 2) People assume that what they do has little effect on the environment. (用用it作形式主语改写作形式主语改写) _ _ It is assumed that what people do has little effect on the environment. 创造奇迹，产生神奇作用创造奇迹，产生神奇作用 Sometimes a bit of give-and-take would do wonders. 有时彼此迁就一下就会
11、有奇效有时彼此迁就一下就会有奇效。 The news has done wonders for our morale(士气士气/ 斗志斗志). 这消息大大振奋了我们的士气。这消息大大振奋了我们的士气。 wonder n. “something that makes you feel surprise and admiration” 奇迹；奇迹； a feeling of surprise and admiration for something very beautiful or new to you”惊惊讶讶 v. “to think about something that you are
12、 not sure about and try to guess what is true, what will happen etc” 怀疑；想知道；对怀疑；想知道；对感到感到 惊奇惊奇 【归纳归纳】 No wonder. (Its no wonder.)难难 怪怪；不足为奇不足为奇 work/do wonders 创创造奇迹造奇迹 in wonder 惊惊讶地讶地 Its a wonder that.令人惊讶的是令人惊讶的是 wonder at/about 对对感到惊讶感到惊讶 【拓展拓展】 wonderful adj. 奇奇妙的；极好的；意想不到的妙的；极好的；意想不到的 【语境应用语境
13、应用】完成完成句子。句子。 1) Brad was Janes brother! _ he reminded me so much of her! 布拉德是简的兄弟！怪不得他老是让我想布拉德是简的兄弟！怪不得他老是让我想 起她呢！起她呢！ 2) _ no one got hurt. 奇怪的是没有一个人受伤。奇怪的是没有一个人受伤。 3) Sometimes I _. 有时我对他的行为感到惊讶有时我对他的行为感到惊讶。 No wonder Its a wonder wonder about his behaviour This extra effort makes them over the l
14、ong term.(line 7) over/in the long/short term 从长远从长远/短期来看短期来看 in terms of / in terms 就就而言而言 be on good terms with 与与关系好关系好 1. Our goods are competitive _terms of product quality. 2. Emily is _friendly terms with Sarah. 3. Organic fertilizers(有机肥料有机肥料) will have very positive results _the long term.
15、4. 译：译：In practical terms this law may be difficult to come into effect. Practice makes perfect. Practice makes perfect. on in in 从实际的角度来看，这项法律难以实施。从实际的角度来看，这项法律难以实施。 . tend to have better immune systems .(line 8) vi. If something tends to happen, it usually happens or it often happens 往往会，倾向于往往会，倾向
16、于 v. If you tend someone or something, you do what is necessary to keep them in a good condition or to improve their condition 护理，照料，照看护理，照料，照看 【归纳归纳】 tend to do sth. 常常会做某事常常会做某事, 往往会做某事往往会做某事 tend to/toward sth. 趋向趋向, 倾向倾向 tend to sb. /sth.(=look after) 照顾照顾, 照料照料 【拓展拓展】 tendency n. 倾向、趋势倾向、趋势, 其后
17、多跟动词不定式其后多跟动词不定式 例例1 We tend to meet up for lunch once a week. 例例2 Doctors and nurses tended the injured. 造句造句 她正在家里照顾生病的母亲。她正在家里照顾生病的母亲。 我们往往每周共进一次午餐。我们往往每周共进一次午餐。 医生和护士照料受伤者。医生和护士照料受伤者。 She is tending (to) her sick mother at home. 1. Women tend to live _(long) than men. 2. When I am tired, I tend_
18、(make) mistakes. 3. I have a _(tend) to talk too much when I am nervous. have a tendency to do sth. 喜欢做某事；倾向于做某事喜欢做某事；倾向于做某事 There is a tendency to (do)/towards sth. 有一种有一种的的 趋势趋势/倾向。倾向。 Practice makes perfect. Practice makes perfect. to make tendency longer Moreover, exercise is good.(line 9) Simil
19、ar expressions meaning 其次其次, 另外另外： moreover plus in addition additionally whats more besides furthermore 在句中作状语常用逗号隔开，用来引入新的内在句中作状语常用逗号隔开，用来引入新的内 容以补充说明或跟进支持前面所说过的话，常容以补充说明或跟进支持前面所说过的话，常 可与可与further, besides, in addition互换使用。互换使用。 e.g. The rent is reasonable and, moreover, the location is perfect. 这
20、房租合理这房租合理, ,而且地点也相当不错。而且地点也相当不错。 The task is difficult, and moreover, time is pressing. 任务艰巨任务艰巨, ,并且时间紧迫。并且时间紧迫。 The whole report is badly written. Moreover, its inaccurate. 整个报告写得很糟糕。此外，它还不准确。整个报告写得很糟糕。此外，它还不准确。 Working out can help you reduce stress and get over negative feelings. (line 9) 锻炼身体能帮
21、你缓解心理压力，克服负面情绪。锻炼身体能帮你缓解心理压力，克服负面情绪。 锻炼身体锻炼身体 Justin works out in the gym every day. 贾斯汀贾斯汀每天都在健身房锻炼。每天都在健身房锻炼。 Work out at a gym or swim twice a week. 一周去健身房锻炼两次，或游两次泳。一周去健身房锻炼两次，或游两次泳。 理解，弄懂；计算出；拟定理解，弄懂；计算出；拟定( (计划计划) ) I cant work out this puzzle. 我我弄弄不不懂懂这个难题。这个难题。 We need to work out the total
22、cost of the project. 我们需要我们需要计算出计算出这个项目的总成本。这个项目的总成本。 I think we should work out a plan in a short time。 我认为我们我认为我们应该在短时间内应该在短时间内制订出制订出一个计划一个计划。 【拓展】【拓展】 work on 从事，继续从事，继续 work as 充当；作为充当；作为而工作而工作 work up 使激动使激动;激起激起;逐步建立逐步建立(完成完成) in work 有工作有工作 out of work 失业失业 at work 在在工作工作 【一词多义】一词多义】 写出下列句子中写
23、出下列句子中划线部分的汉语意思。划线部分的汉语意思。 1. I work out regularly to keep fit. _ 2. The plot is very complicated itll take you a while to work it out. _ 3. The bill works out at 15 each. _ 4. I havent worked out whos going to look after the kids tonight. _ 锻炼身体锻炼身体 理解；弄懂理解；弄懂 计算出计算出 计划好计划好 Some studies even show t
24、hat exercise improves certain brain function, meaning you could actually exercise your way to better performance at school! ( line 12) 一些研究甚至表明锻炼可以改善某些大脑功能，一些研究甚至表明锻炼可以改善某些大脑功能， 这意味着你确实可以通过锻炼来提高学业成绩！这意味着你确实可以通过锻炼来提高学业成绩！ 句句中中exercise ones way意意为“通过锻炼为“通过锻炼 来来，同同push ones way、fight ones way、pick ones
25、 way 等一样都属于活等一样都属于活用用 way的的短语短语。 e.g. He pushed his way through the crowd. 他他推开人群挤了出去。推开人群挤了出去。 The soldiers finally fought their way out. 士士兵们终于杀出了一条生路兵们终于杀出了一条生路。 He had to pick his way along the muddy path. 他他只得小心翼翼地在泥泞的小路上行走。只得小心翼翼地在泥泞的小路上行走。 When you plan an exercise routine, the first thing to
26、 consider is what you expect to improve: heart and lung efficiency, muscle strength or flexibility. 制制订锻炼计划时，首先要考虑的是你期订锻炼计划时，首先要考虑的是你期望在望在哪哪 些方面有所改善，是心肺功能，肌些方面有所改善，是心肺功能，肌肉力量肉力量还是还是 柔韧性。柔韧性。 routine n. “the usual order in which you do things, or the things you regularly do” 常规，惯例常规，惯例 【归纳归纳】routine构
27、成的短语：构成的短语： break the routine 打破常规打破常规 build a routine 建立常规建立常规 change a routine 改变常规改变常规 follow the (old) rountine 墨守成规墨守成规 perform the routine 履行常规履行常规 as a matter of routine 定期；例行公事定期；例行公事 When you plan an exercise routine, the first thing to consider is what you expect to improve: heart and lung
28、 efficiency, muscle strength or flexibility. 在做日常锻炼的规划时，首先要考虑的是你想要在做日常锻炼的规划时，首先要考虑的是你想要 提升哪方面提升哪方面: : 是心肺功能、还是肌肉力量，抑或是心肺功能、还是肌肉力量，抑或 是柔韧性。是柔韧性。 the quality of being physically strong 力量力量, 力气力气, 体力体力 She has always been encouraged to swim to build up the strength of her muscles. 她一直被鼓励游泳以增强肌肉的力量。她一直
29、被鼓励游泳以增强肌肉的力量。 The little boy doesnt have the strength to lift that heavy box. 这个小男孩没有力气抬起那个重箱子。这个小男孩没有力气抬起那个重箱子。 build up ones strength 增强增强力量力量 have the strength to do sth 有做某事的力气有做某事的力气 strength: n. the strengths and weaknesses of an argument 一个论点的有力之处与薄弱之处一个论点的有力之处与薄弱之处 The ability to keep calm
30、is one of her many strengths. 能够保持冷静是她的多项长处之一。能够保持冷静是她的多项长处之一。 strengthen vt. It is possible that. probable 表示有几分根据的推测。比表示有几分根据的推测。比possible表表 示的可能性大。一般不用表示人的词示的可能性大。一般不用表示人的词 做主语常用结构做主语常用结构：It is probable that. Fill in the blanks with likely / possible/ probable. (1) It is _ for her to work out the
31、 maths problem in such a short time because she is very clever. (2) Which are you more _ to have with you at any given moment your telephone or your wallet? (3) It is _ that they will come to attend the meeting. possible likely likely / possible/ probable . . more likely to stick with them. (line 23
32、) If you stick with something, you do not change to something else.坚持做坚持做(stick to sth) v. stick-stuck-stuck 【归纳归纳】stick相关短语相关短语 stick out 伸出；探出；醒目伸出；探出；醒目，显眼显眼 stick to 坚坚持持，信守信守(to为介词为介词) stick by 忠忠于；遵守；继续坚持于；遵守；继续坚持 stick up for 支支持；维持；维护护 be/get stuck with/in 摆脱不了摆脱不了/陷入陷入的困境中的困境中 1. He promise
33、d to help us and _(stick) to his word. 2. I used glue _(stick) the broken pieces together.(粘贴) 3. The nurse _(stick) the needle into my arm.(插入，刺) 4. The boys collected dry_(stick) to start a fire.(枝条，木棍) Practice makes perfect. Practice makes perfect. stuck to stick stuck sticks In general, you sho
34、uld have your meal an average of 1.5 to 2.5 hours before exercising. 一般来说，一般来说，你应该在运动前平均你应该在运动前平均1.5到到2.5小时进餐小时进餐。 average adj. the average amount is the amount you get when you add together several quantities and divide this by the total number of quantities (无比较级无比较级)平均的；平常的平均的；平常的 n. “the usual l
35、evel or amount for most people or things” 一般水平；平均标准一般水平；平均标准 【归纳归纳】 an average of (后跟数词后跟数词) 平均有平均有 the average of. 的平均数的平均数 up to the average 达达到平均水平到平均水平 on (an/the) average 平平均；一般地均；一般地 above/below (the) average 在在平均水平以上平均水平以上/以下以下 【语境应用语境应用】翻译下列句子翻译下列句子。 1) 这些分数远在平均水平以上。这些分数远在平均水平以上。 These marks
36、 are well above average. 2) 学生的平均年龄是学生的平均年龄是19岁。岁。 The average age of the students is 19. 3) 我们平均每天会收到我们平均每天会收到5封信。封信。 On average, we receive five letters each day. . . instead, wait at least 30 minutes after a typical routine, or as much as an hour after a hard workout. 相反，如果是常规锻炼，至少过半个小时再相反，如果是常规锻
37、炼，至少过半个小时再 吃，如果是高强度锻炼，就需要等一个小时后再吃，如果是高强度锻炼，就需要等一个小时后再 吃。吃。 typical adj. happening in the usual way; showing what sth is usually like 平常的平常的；一贯的；一贯的 A typical working day for me begins at 7.30. 我的工作日一般在我的工作日一般在7:30开始。开始。 It was typical of him to get angry about it. 他一向都是对此很生气。他一向都是对此很生气。 Remember to
38、drink throughout exercise to make up for water lost to sweat.记记得在运动过程中喝水，得在运动过程中喝水， 以弥补因出汗而流失的水分。以弥补因出汗而流失的水分。 make up for 弥补，补偿弥补，补偿 【归纳归纳】 make up 编造；化妆；构成，形成编造；化妆；构成，形成 be made up of 由由构成构成 make up an excuse 编造一个理由编造一个理由 make up with sb 与某人和与某人和解解 【拓展拓展】与与make的短语：的短语： make it 获得成功；能够出席获得成功；能够出席 m
39、ake out 看清；辨认出看清；辨认出 make the most of 充分利用充分利用 make sense 有道理；有意义有道理；有意义 make sense of 理解；弄懂理解；弄懂 【语境应用语境应用】一词多义一词多义 (写出下列句子中写出下列句子中make up的含义的含义)。 1) North Africans make up the largest and poorest immigrant group in the country. _ 2) I think its very unkind of you to make up stories about him. _ 3)
40、 She spent too much time making herself up. _ 组成；构成组成；构成 编造编造 化妆化妆 4) Can I leave early this afternoon and make up the time tomorrow? _ 5) Why dont you make up with her and forget all about the quarrel? _ 弥补弥补 和解和解 完成句完成句子子 1) Is there any way that I can _ my forgetfulness? 有没有办法可以让我弥补一下我的健忘呢？有没有办法可
41、以让我弥补一下我的健忘呢？ 2) I will be receiving an important guest from America tomorrow afternoon. Lets _ another day. 明天下午我会接待一位美国贵宾。我们改日明天下午我会接待一位美国贵宾。我们改日 吧。吧。 make up for make it . to make up for water lost to sweat. (line 35) n. drops of liquid that appear on the surface of your skin when you are hot, il
42、l/sick or afraid 汗水汗水 n.U hard work or effort 繁重的工作繁重的工作；艰苦努力；艰苦努力 v. produce liquid on skin/surface v. work hard 辛苦地做辛苦地做 (sweat over sth) sweat heavily 汗流浃背汗流浃背 be/get in a sweat （为某事）担心，焦虑，害怕（为某事）担心，焦虑，害怕 No sweat, no sweet.不劳则无获。不劳则无获。 sweats 运动服运动服 (a sweatsuit or sweatpants) sweaty adj.满是汗的，汗湿
43、的满是汗的，汗湿的 1. He felt all hot and _(sweat). 2. He was sweating_(heavy) within five minutes. 3. Are you still sweating _ the report? 4. I dont know why I always wake up _a sweat. 5. I _(hang) around the house all the day in my _(sweat) Practice makes perfect. Practice makes perfect. over heavily sweat
44、y in hung sweats You should also start small and slowly work your way to a longer and harder exercise routine to avoid getting hurt. 你也应该从少量锻炼开始，慢你也应该从少量锻炼开始，慢 慢地进行一个更长时间、更困难的锻炼，以避免慢地进行一个更长时间、更困难的锻炼，以避免 受伤。受伤。 avoid v. “to prevent something bad from happening” 避避免免； “to stay away from someone or som
45、ething, or not use something” 避开避开 【归纳归纳】 avoid (doing) sth. 避免（做）某事避免（做）某事 【拓展拓展】 avoidable adj. 可避可避免的免的 【注意注意】 avoid后面只能跟后面只能跟v.-ing形式作宾语，不能形式作宾语，不能跟跟 不不定式作宾语。定式作宾语。 【温馨提示温馨提示】 常见直接跟动词常见直接跟动词-ing作宾语的词或词组口诀：作宾语的词或词组口诀： 避免错过少延期避免错过少延期 avoid, miss, delay/ put off 建议完成多练习建议完成多练习 suggest/ recommend, f
46、inish, practise 喜欢想像禁不住喜欢想像禁不住 enjoy, imagine, cant help 承认否定还考虑承认否定还考虑 admit, deny, consider 逃避冒险不介意逃避冒险不介意 escape, risk, mind 期待成功更值得期待成功更值得 look forward to, succeed in, be worth 还有还有excuse, resist, give up, cant stand等。等。 【语境应用语境应用】 根据汉语意思完成英语句子，每空根据汉语意思完成英语句子，每空 一词。一词。 1) 如如果你想避开市中心，请从这里向右转弯。果你想
47、避开市中心，请从这里向右转弯。 If you _ _ _ the city center, please turn right here. 2) 她她试图避而不答我的问题。试图避而不答我的问题。 She tried to _ _ my questions. 3) We learn to bear with the things we cant change. We learn to _ (避免避免) self- pity. (2019天天津高考津高考) want to avoid avoid answering avoid . and stretch at the end of your wo
48、rkout.(line 41) v. to make sth longer, wider or looser, for example by pulling it 拉长，撑宽 v. to put your arms or legs out straight 伸展，舒展 v. to make use of all sbs skill, intelligence, etc. 使竭尽所能； 使全力以赴 n. an act of stretching out your arms or legs or your body 伸 展，舒展 翻译： 1.We got out of the car and ha
49、d a good stretch. 我们下车好好地舒展了一下身体。 2.We cant take on any more work as we are fully stretched. 我们不能再接受其他工作了，因为我们已经竭尽所能了。 When you plan an exercise routine, the first heart and lung efficiency，muscle strength or flexibility.当当你计划你的日常锻炼时你计划你的日常锻炼时，首先需要考虑首先需要考虑 的是你期望改善什么的是你期望改善什么，是心肺功能是心肺功能、肌肉力量肌肉力量，还还 是
50、柔韧性是柔韧性。 句中不定式句中不定式to consider作定语作定语，修饰修饰the first thing，与与the first thing之间存在逻辑上的主谓关系之间存在逻辑上的主谓关系。被修饰词为序数词被修饰词为序数词、 形容词最高级或被序数词形容词最高级或被序数词、形容词最高级修饰时形容词最高级修饰时，常用不定常用不定 式作后置定语式作后置定语。 英语中常用不定式作后置定语的情况主要还有：英语中常用不定式作后置定语的情况主要还有： 被修饰词前有被修饰词前有the only，the very，the next等词时等词时。 抽象名词抽象名词time，way，ability，reas
