1、1 新教材第新教材第 2 册第册第 3 单元语法学案单元语法学案 过过 去去 将将 来来 时时 I. 来自课本的过去将来时来自课本的过去将来时 1. She was about to find out. 2. She was going to sell her hair. 3. The next day would be Christmas. 4. Would Jim still think she was pretty? 5. If she was to buy a nice gift her husband Jim, she would need more money. 6. With t
2、he money she received for it, she would buy Jim a perfect gift. II. 过去将来时态的常见结构过去将来时态的常见结构 合作学习与自我探究：过去将来时的表达形式 一般将来时 过去将来时 1.will/shall do(表示将要发生的动作或状态) His father will come to pick you up at 6:00 this Saturday. I will/shall arrive tomorrow. 1. _ He said that he would come to my party. 2. be going
3、to do （表示事先有计划的意图，或 表示有迹象要发生的事，多用于口语） What are you going to do tomorrow? The play is going to be put on next month. 2. _ I was going to leave, but then it rained. When we were ready to set off, it looked as if it was going to rain. 3. be to do （表示按计划、 安排将要发生的动作， 侧重受别人的指示或安排要做的事） He and I are to meet
4、 at the station. Am I to wait here till their arrival? 3. _ The bridge was to be built the next year. 4. be about to do （表示很快就会发生的动作） 4. 2 Dont worry. I am about to make a close examination on you. He is about to start on a journey. _La st night he was about to go to bed when the telephone rang. He
5、was on the point of leaving when the bell rang. 5. be doing （多用于 arrive, come, go, leave, open, play, return, start, begin, stay 等动词） My mother is coming to visit me next week and is staying here until May. China is sending a kilogram of rice seeds to the international space station next year. 5. _
6、The students were leaving on Sunday. III. 特殊用法 1. go, come, leave, arrive, take off , open, play, return, start, begin, stay 等少数动词可用过去进 行时表示过去将要发生的情况。 It was said that a lot of people were coming to watch the fireworks. Mr Green was leaving for Tokyo a few days later. 2. 条件状语从句和时间状语从句中需要用一般过去时表示过去将来
7、时。 I didnt know when she would come, but when she came I would let you know. 比较： I dont know when she will come, but when she comes I will let you know. 3. be about to do 不可以与时间状语连用 The meeting was about to begin. 但如果用状语，就用 be to do 或 be going to do The meeting was to begin in five minutes. 4. be ab
8、out to do 可以与 when 引导的分句连用 He was about to go to bed when the doorbell rang. = He was on the point of going to be when the doorbell rang. 5. on the point of doing 正要 He was on the point of leaving when we came in. 3 III. Practice 1. She said that they _ (see) their English teacher the next week. 2.
9、We were about _(leave) when they came in . 3. They wanted to know what _(happen) next. 4. She was about to leave _ some guests came. 5. She said that she _(come) back the next week. 6. I am not going out tonight. I _(stay) at home. 7. He said that he _(fly) to Shanghai the next Friday to attend an i
10、mportant meeting. 8. Ladies and gentlemen, please fasten your seat belts. The plane _ (take) off. 9. We were all surprised when he made it clear that he _ (leave) office soon. 10. Ive won a holiday for two to Florida. I _(take) my mum. 11. When I dropped in, he _(leave), so we talked a few minutes.
11、12. I was told that the wedding _(take) place the next Sunday. 13. The weather forecast said that it _(be) warm the day before. 14. We _(leave) for home when we asked to practice singing. 15. He said that he _(wait) for us at the bus stop. 16. Every time we had trouble, he _(come) to our aid. 17. Sh
12、e told me she _(go) to do nothing that evening. 18. When they arrived, the plane _(take) off. 19. He was about _(transfer) to Shanghai. 20. When she _(open) the door, he couldnt find the key. IV. 时态的构成 4 V. 重点时态重点时态精讲精讲 1一般现在时一般现在时 经常性或习惯性的动作， 常与表示频度的时间状 语连用。 时间状语： every, sometimes, often 等。 I leave
13、 home for school at 7 every morning. 每天早上我七点离开家。 客观真理，客观存在，科学事实。 Shanghai lies in the east of China. 上海位于中国东部。 表示格言或警句。 Pride goes before a fall.骄者必 败。 此用法如果出现在宾语从句中，即使主句是过去时，从句谓语也要用一般现在时。 Columbus proved that the earth is round. 哥伦布证实了地球是圆的。 现在时刻的状态、能力、性格、个性。例如： Ann writes good English but does not
14、 speak well. 安英语写得不错，讲的可不行。 一般现在时表将来一般现在时表将来 下列动词 come, go, arrive, leave, start, begin, return 的一般现在时可以表示将来，主要 用来表示在时间上已确定或安排好的事情。例如： The train leaves at six tomorrow morning. 火车明天上午六点开。 以 here, there 等开始的倒装句，表示动作正在进行。例如： 名称 现在 过去 将来 过去将来 一般 do/does did will/shall do would/should do 进行 is/am/are do
15、ing was/were doing will/shall be doing would/should be doing 完成 have/has done had done will/shall have done would/should have done 完成进行 have/has been doing had been doing will/shall have been doing would/should have been doing 5 Here comes the bus. = The bus is coming. 车来了。 There goes the bell. = Th
16、e bell is ringing. 铃响了。 由 if, unless 引导的条件状语从句中， 由 when, before, until, the moment, once 引导的时间 状语从句中； 由 no matter what/when., whatever/whoever.引导的让步状语从句中。 例如： If city noises are not kept from increasing, people will have to shout to be heard even at the dinner table in 20 years. Youd better write do
17、wn her phone number before you forget it. Ill write to you as soon as I arrive there. 我到了那里，就写信给你。 在动词 hope, take care that, make sure that 等的宾语从句中。例如： I hope they have a nice time next week. 我希望他们下星期玩得开心。 Make sure that the windows are closed before you leave the room. 离开房间前，务必关上窗户。 2一般将来时一般将来时 wil
18、l + 动词原形表示现在看来以后要发生的动作；临时的决定；事物的固有属性或必然 趋势 -Do you know our English teacher is in hospital? -Really? I will go and visit her this afternoon. Fish will die without water. be going to +动词原形，表示将来。 a. 主语的意图，即将做某事。 What are you going to do tomorrow? 明天打算作什么呢? b. 计划，安排要发生的事。 The play is going to be produc
19、ed next month。这出戏下月开播。 c. 有迹象表明要发生的事。 Look at the dark clouds, there is going to be a storm. be about to +不定式，意为马 上做某事。例如： He is about to leave for Beijing. 他马上要去北京。 be about to do 不能与 tomorrow, next week 等表示明确将来时的时间状语连用。 6 用现在进行时表示将来 下列动词 come, go, arrive, leave, start, begin, return 等现在进行时可以表示将来。
20、Im leaving tomorrow. 明天我要走了。 be to +动词原形，按计划或正式安排将发生的事。例如： We are to discuss the report next Saturday.我们下星期六讨论这份报告。 注意这种结构的其它用法： You are to report it to the police.你应该报警。 （表示“应该” ） The books in this room are not to be taken outside. 这个房间里的书不准带出去。 （表示“禁 止” ） If we are to be there before ten, well hav
21、e to go now. 如果我们要在 10 点前到那儿，我们现在就得走。 （表示“想，打算” ） We were to have told you, but you were not in. 我们本来想告诉你， 但是你不在家。 （表示“未曾实现的的计划” ） They said goodbye, little knowing that they were never to meet again. 他们告别了，不知道以后再也不会见面了。 （表示“命中注定要发生某事” ） 3一般过去时态一般过去时态 一般过去时表示过去某一时候或某一段时间所发生了的事情或存在的状态。常与过去时 间 yesterd
22、ay, this morning, just now, a moment ago, in May, last night / year / week, once upon a time, the other day, in the past 等连用。如： He bought the computer five years ago. 这电脑是他五年前买的。 I was there a moment ago. 刚才我在那儿。 一般过去时的应用一般过去时的应用 (1) 表示过去发生的动作或存在的状态： It was then a small fishing village. 那时它只是一个小渔村。
23、Im calling about the apartment you advertised the other day. Could you tell me about it? -Long time no see! Havent you graduated from college? -Yes. I studied English for four years in Nanjing. 7 (2) 表示过去经常性或习惯性的动作： We often played together when we were children.我们小时候常在一起玩。 注：表过去经常性的动词，也可用 used to 或
24、 would He used to go to work by bus. 他过去常乘公共汽车去上班。 4现在进行时现在进行时 表示现在(指说话人说话时)正在发生的事情。例如： We are waiting for you. 我们正在等你。 表示目前一阶段但说话时动作未必正在进行的动作。例如： Mr. Green is writing another novel.他在写另一部小说。 (说话时并未在写， 只处于写作的状 态。) 表示动作的未完成性、暂时性。 I dont really work here. I am just helping out until the new secretary
25、arrives. 我不在这里上班，我只是来帮忙，直到新秘书来了。 （暂时性） Selecting a mobile phone for personal use is no easy task because technology is changing so rapidly. 选一款手机供个人使用绝不是一件容易的事，因为技术变化太快。 （ “变化”尚未完成） 表示渐变，这样的动词有：get, grow, become, turn, run, go, begin 等。例如： The leaves are turning red. 叶子在变红。 Its getting warmer and wa
26、rmer. 天越来越热了。 与 always, constantly, forever 等词连用， 表示反复发生的动作或持续存在的状态， 往往带 有说话人的主观色彩。例如 You are always changing your mind. 你老是改变主意。 He is always thinking of others. 他总是先想到别人。 5. 过去进行时过去进行时 (1) 过去进行时的构成是 was/were doing。 表示过去某个时间点或某个时间段内正在发生的 动作。 The reporter said that the UFO was traveling east to west
27、 when he saw it. (2) 表示运动和位置的动词可以用过去进行时表示将来，这类词主要有 leave, start, arrive, go, come 等。 8 I was coming to visit you later that day, but I had to phone and cancel it. 6. 将来进行时将来进行时 将来进行时的构成为 will be doing，表示将来某一时刻或阶段正在进行的动作或状态。 Please dont call me between 8:00 and 10:00 tomorrow. Ill be having my class
28、then. 7现在完成时现在完成时 “已完成”指的是动作发生在过去，强调其对现在产生的影响。 John has broken his left leg. 约翰摔断了左腿。(意思说他现在不能走路了，或者) I have seen this film. 我看过这部电影。(意思说我已经知道了电影的内容。) “未完成”指的是动作从过去开始，且一直继续到现在。因此不能用表示瞬间性的或称短 暂性的动词。“未完成”的现在完成时常与 since 结构或“for+一段时间”的状语连用。 I have lived here since I was born. 我一出身就住在这里。 He has been a Le
29、ague member for three years. 他入团已有三年了。 In the past ten years many new schools have been built up in our city. This/It is the first/second/time (that)从句。从句的谓语动词要用现在完成时。 This is the first time (that) I have written a novel in English. 8过去完成时过去完成时 过去不同时间发生的两个动作中，发生在先，用过去完成时;发生在后，用一般过去时。 When the police
30、 arrived, the thieves had run away. 警察到达时，小偷们早就跑了。 表示从过去某一时间开始，一直延续到过去的另一时间的动作，常用的的时间状语有： by then, by that time, until then, by the end of 2012, before 2000, by the time + 过去时的句 子等。 By the time he was twelve, Edison had began to make a living by himself. 在 Hardly/Scarcely/RarelywhenNo soonerthan 句型中
31、，when 和 than 从句用一般 过去时，且用倒装，表示“刚刚就” 。 Hardly (No sooner) had I got home when (than) the rain poured down. It was/had been 一段时间 since 从句。since 从句的谓语动词要用过去完成时。 It was 10 years since we had had such a wonderful time. 9 That/It/This was the first/second time + that 从句。 that 从句的谓语动词要用过去完成时。 It was the th
32、ird time that he had made the same mistake. 表示意向的动词，如 hope, wish, expect, think, intend, mean, suppose 等，用过去完成时表 示 “原本，未能”。例如： We had hoped that you would come, but you didnt. 那时我们希望你能来，但是你没有来。 用于虚拟语气，表示与过去的事实相反 If I had worked harder, I would have won the first place in my class. I wish that I had
33、followed my parents advice. 9将来完成时将来完成时 状态完成：表示某事继续到将来某一时为止一直有的状态。 They will have been married for 20 years by then. 到那时他们 结婚将有二十年了。来源: 动作完成：表示将来某一时或另一个将来的动作之前，已经完成的动作或获得的经验。 You will have reached Shanghai by this time tomorrow. 明天此时，你已经到达上海了。 By the time you arrive in New York, you will have been a
34、way for two weeks. 当你到达纽约时，你将已经离开两周了。 10现在完成进行时现在完成进行时 现在完成进行时表示从过去开始、现在仍在继续的动作。 Ive been waiting for an hour and he still hasnt turned up. 我等了一个小时，可他还没来。 He has been watching TV all the morning and has done nothing. 现在完成进行时还用来表示从过去开始、现在刚刚结束的动作。 Im sorry Im late. Have you been waiting long? 真对不起，我迟到
35、了。你等了很久了吧? Ive been writing letters all this evening and Ive just finished them. 现在完成进行时还可以用来表示反复的、连续的动作。 Ive been knocking at the door. I dont think anybody is in. 我一直在敲门。我想屋里没 有人。 She has been telephoning her husband, but there is no answer. 时态区别时态区别 10 A区分现在完成时和一般过去时区分现在完成时和一般过去时 Jane left here a
36、 few minutes ago. （与现在没有联系） Jane has left. （她现在不在这儿了） He worked in that hospital for 8 years. （他现在已经不在那家医院了） He has worked in that hospital for 8 years. （现在仍在那家医院工作） I did not read the newspaper this morning. （上午已经过去） I have not read the newspaper this morning. （现在还是上午） B区分现在完成时和现在完成进行时区分现在完成时和现在完成进
37、行时 Someone has phoned you. Someone has been phoning you. （表示动作的重复） Ive read the novel. （已读完） Ive been reading the novel. （还没读完） Whos eaten my apples? （苹果没有了） Whos been eating my apples? （有感情色彩，表示愤怒不满） C. 区分一般过去时和过去完成时区分一般过去时和过去完成时 1. He learned 3000 English words at this school.(一般过去时指过去的动作或情况) He h
38、ad learned 3000 English words before he came to this school.（过去完成时指过去的一 个动作或时间之前发生的动作或情况。 ） 2. He had finished writing the book by the end of last month. (过去完成时的时间状语常用 by 或 before 引导的短语或从句表示，如 by that time, by the end of 2010,before 2000, by the time + 句子(一般过去时) 被动语态被动语态 写出九种常见时态的被动语态的基本形式。 （以动词 do
39、为例） 11 被动语态重点讲解被动语态重点讲解 1. 复合宾语的被动语态复合宾语的被动语态 在“主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语”结构中，将主动结构中的宾语改成主语，原宾语补足语保 留在谓语后面（此时应称为主语补足语） 。使役动词和感官动词，如 make, see, hear, watch, notice, observe, listen to 等，在主动结构中跟不带 to 的动词不定式作宾语补足语，在变为被 动结构时，不定式应加上 to。 They elected Obama President. Obama was elected President. The doctor made him
40、give up smoking. He was made to give up smoking. 2. 主动形式表被动意义主动形式表被动意义 表示感官的系动词， 如look (看上去), taste (吃起来), sound (听起来), feel (摸上去), smell (闻 起来)等，用主动语态表示被动意义（连系动词不可使用被动语态） 。 The bed feels hard. These flowers smell very nice. Your sentence doesnt sound right. 由及物动词转换为不及物动词的词，如 sell (销售), wash (洗), cl
41、ean (打扫), burn (燃烧), cook(煮)等，当它们与 well (很), easily (容易地), perfectly (十分地)等连用时，用主动形式表 示被动意义。 This knife cuts easily. The pen writes smoothly. 动词不定式和动词-ing 形式在某些情况下，可用主动的形式来表示被动的含义。 This book is well worth reading. The little boys hair needs cutting. 时态 主动语态 被动语态 一般现在时 do 一般过去时 did 一般将来时 will/shall d
42、o 过去将来时 would do 现在进行时 am/is/are doing 过去进行时 was/were doing 现在完成时 have/has done 过去完成时 had done 将来完成时 will/shall have done 12 在“形容词+to do”结构中，动词不定式与句子的主语尽管存在着动宾关系，但往往用主动 形式表示被动意义。 Your question is difficult to answer. His classes are not easy to forget. 表示“开始”、“结束”的动词。 Class begins at eight. The shop
43、 closes at ten oclock. 3. 不能变为被动语态的结构不能变为被动语态的结构 不及物动词或动词短语没有被动语态。 【错误】The book was fallen off the shelf. 【正确】The book fell off the shelf. 【错误】The car was broken down halfway. 【正确】The car broke down halfway. 表示状态的及物动词与短语动词没有被动语态。如：have (有), own (拥有), contain (包含), lack (缺乏), hold (容纳), suit (合适), be
44、long to (属于), consist of (由组成)等。 He lacks courage to do it. That dress suits you. This dictionary belongs to the library. This hall can hold 2,000 people. The book contains some interesting stories. 4. 被动形式表主动意义被动形式表主动意义 有些动词形式上是被动语态，其实并没有被动含义。如： The boy was lost in the forest. She was seated at the
45、 back of the hall. Im bored with this job. I am determined to do better next time. Her money is all gone. I became concerned when he hadnt come home by midnight. He is absorbed in study. That day I was dressed in a dark blue suit. VI. Practice(A) 1. Mr Smith works with an auto company, but he _(work
46、) for this industrial exhibition, since he is on leave. 2. -We must act now. -I think so. Time _(run) out. 3. His family _(enjoy) their holiday in Hangzhou this time tomorrow. 4. -Look! You have driven the wrong direction. 13 -Sorry, I _(not, notice). 5. Please wait for me a while. I _(leave) soon.
47、6. My friend _(always, find) fault with me, so our friendship broke up. 7. When I first saw him, he _(pick) up cotton in the field. 8. I didnt think he saw me; he _(just, look) into the space. 9. My friend Jack _(come) to see me next week. 10. I _(expect) my friends to come to my birthday party. 11.
48、 -Mum, the constant noise around here _(drive) me crazy! -Concentrate on your reading. It is none of your business. 12. The church tower which (restore) will be open to tourists soon. The work is almost finished. 13. -Guess what, weve got our visas for a short-term visit to the UK this summer. -How
49、nice! You (experience) a different culture then. 14. I walked slowly through the market, where people (sell) all kinds of fruits and vegetables. I studied the prices carefully and bought what I needed. 15. I _ (stay) in the countryside for two weeks and I enjoy the life here very much. 16. -When sha
50、ll we restart our business? -Not until we (finish) our plan 17. Youve failed to do what you (expect) to and Im afraid the teacher will blame you 18. -Have you finished reading Jane Eyre? -No, I _ (do) my homework all day yesterday. 19. Shirley _ (write) a book about China last year but I dont know w
