- 人教2011课标版_八年级下册(2013年10月第1版)_初中英语_Unit 10 I ve had this bike for three years._Section A Grammar focus 4a—4c_ppt课件_(含教案)_市级优课_(编号:71d65)
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教学设计教学设计 一、教学目标一、教学目标 1、知识与技能知识与技能 1)掌握现在完成时的句型、构成。掌握现在完成时的句型、构成。 2)掌握现在完成时的用法。掌握现在完成时的用法。 3)能区分一般过去时态与现在完成时的用法。能区分一般过去时态与现在完成时的用法。 2、情感态度与价值观:、情感态度与价值观: 通过在教学过程中让学生多动手、多观察、勤思考、善总结,引导学生通过在教学过程中让学生多动手、多观察、勤思考、善总结,引导学生 养成自主学习的学习习惯。养成自主学习的学习习惯。 二、教材分析二、教材分析 教材上对于基本的句型,构成说明详细,对现在完成时的用法有一定的教材上对于基本的句型,构成说明详细,对现在完成时的用法有一定的 讲解,但不够详彻。而且时态用法之间没有区分的说明。讲解,但不够详彻。而且时态用法之间没有区分的说明。 三、学情分析三、学情分析 八年级学生,对现在完成时的句型,构成及用法比较模糊,而且分析八年级学生,对现在完成时的句型,构成及用法比较模糊,而且分析 能力较弱,做题思路不够清晰。但是学生知识接受能力强,有一定的知能力较弱,做题思路不够清晰。但是学生知识接受能力强,有一定的知 识归纳能力。识归纳能力。 四、教学重点四、教学重点 1、现在完成时态的句型,构成及用法现在完成时态的句型,构成及用法 2、现在完成时与一般过去时用法的区别现在完成时与一般过去时用法的区别 3、过去分词,瞬间动词与延续性动词在现在完成时态中的运用过去分词,瞬间动词与延续性动词在现在完成时态中的运用 五、教学难点五、教学难点 1、瞬间动词与延续性动词在现在完成时态中的运用瞬间动词与延续性动词在现在完成时态中的运用 2、现在完成时与一般过去时用法的区别现在完成时与一般过去时用法的区别 3、现在完成时现在完成时 六六、教学过程教学过程 (一)(一) 、现在完成时的构成、现在完成时的构成 助动词助动词 have (has)+ 过去分词过去分词 (二)(二) 、现在完成时基本句式、现在完成时基本句式 1.肯定句肯定句 主语主语+ have(has)过去分词)过去分词 注意:该句式中的注意:该句式中的 have 或或 has 是助动词,是助动词,has 用于第三人称单数,其它人称一律用用于第三人称单数,其它人称一律用 have。 He has eaten breakfast. 2.否定句否定句 主语主语+havent/hasnt过去分词过去分词 He hasnt eaten breakfast. 3.一般疑问句一般疑问句 Have/Has+主语主语+ 过去分词过去分词 Yes,主语,主语(代词主格代词主格)+ have/has No, 主语主语+havent/hasnt Has he eaten breakfast? Yes ,he has . No, he hasnt. (三)(三) 、总结过去分词的变化规则、总结过去分词的变化规则 A:规则变化规则变化 直接在原形后直接在原形后+ed work play 词尾是词尾是 e 时,直接加时,直接加 d liked 若词尾为若词尾为“辅音字母加辅音字母加 y”,则变,则变 y 为为 i 加加 ed。 末尾只有一个辅音字母的重读闭音节,双写末尾辅音字母加末尾只有一个辅音字母的重读闭音节,双写末尾辅音字母加 ed. B:不规则过去分词的构成:不规则过去分词的构成 Typeoriginal p.t p.p costcostcost AAA readreadread meetmetmet ABB catchcaughtcaught rideroderidden speakspokespoken keepkeptkept drinkdrankdrunk eatateeaten (四)(四) 、现在完成时的主要用法、现在完成时的主要用法 1.表示过去发生或已完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响和结果。 He has ever read the book. (他读过这本书。) I have already finished my homework. (我已经完成了家庭作业我已经完成了家庭作业。) 现在完成时态句中常见的时间状语现在完成时态句中常见的时间状语 A:这类词常强调动作完成这类词常强调动作完成,不强调动作的持续不强调动作的持续 already(已经,还,肯定句)(已经,还,肯定句) yet(否定句,疑问句)(否定句,疑问句) never(从来没有)(从来没有) ever (曾经曾经) twice (两次)(两次) recently(近来)近来) before(句末)(句末) just (刚刚)(刚刚) so far (到目前为止到目前为止) in the last few years (在过去的几年里在过去的几年里) 2.表示从过去某一时刻开始并一直延 续到现在的动作或状态,但动作或状态可能仍在继续。 She has lived here since she was born. 自从她出生时就一直住在这儿。 I have learnt English for more than ten years.我已经学了 10 多年的英语。 (1) 、for一段时间一段时间 (two weeks/six months/five days)for 短语表示动作延续多长时间短语表示动作延续多长时间 。 He has taught in this school for four years. (我们认识有二十年了。 ) I havent seen her for a long time. (我好久没有见到她了。 )一个时间点一个时间点 (2) 、since: 一个时间点一个时间点 一段时间一段时间agoago 从句从句 Mr. Smith has worked here since 1984. (1984 年以来,史密斯先生一直在这工作。 ) I have known Daniel since 7 years ago. 自从自从 7 年前我就认识丹尼尔。年前我就认识丹尼尔。 Hes learned about 500 words since he went to college. (他上大学以来大约学了五千个英语单词) (3)选用)选用 for 和和 since 填空填空: .We havent seen each other _ a long time. .His father has been in the Party _ 10 years ago. .The film has been on _ 20 minutes. .Mr Green has worked here _ he came to China. .His grandparents have been dead _ several years. . Its five years _ we met last time. 3、非延续性动词与时间段的关系、非延续性动词与时间段的关系 非延续性动词在肯定句、疑问句中不能与时间段连用,这些动词是:非延续性动词在肯定句、疑问句中不能与时间段连用,这些动词是:become, begin, buy, borrow, arrive, come/go, die, fall, finish, get to know, join, leave, marry 等。等。 为了表述这种意思,我们常用相应的为了表述这种意思,我们常用相应的延续性动词延续性动词”来代替短暂性动词来代替短暂性动词.(如下表)(如下表) borrow keep buy have, die be dead, begin/start be on leave be away (from), come /go be in /at, get married be married join be in /a member of arrive be in/at (1).我买了这块手表五年了。我买了这块手表五年了。 I have bought this watch for five years. I have had this watch for five years/since 5 years ago. (2).这位老人已经死了十年了。这位老人已经死了十年了。 The old man has died for ten years. The old man has been dead for ten years/since 10 years ago. (五)(五) 、have been 与与 have gone 的用法比较的用法比较 have been to 意思是“到过,去过”,表示曾经到过某处,但现在人不在那儿。 have gone to 意思是“去了”,表示已经去了某地,现在人可能在去的途中或已在那儿了。 That man cant be our headmaster, because he has gone to Japan. 那个人不是我们的校长,因为他去日本了。 I have been to Beijing twice . 我去过北京两次 -Where is she? -She has gone to Nanjing. 她已经去南京了。 C. 用用 have gone 或或 have been 1)Where are the boy students ? They _ to the school factory. 2)Is your father in ? No, he _ to Shenzhen. _he ever _ there before ? Yes, he _ there several times 3) He asked me if I _ to Hangzhou before. I told him that I wanted to go there for a visit as I _ never _ to that city before. 4) My brother _the Great Wall three times . 5) I want to return the book to Jack, but I cant find him. - He _ the library. You can find him there. (六)现在完成时与一般过去时的区别(六)现在完成时与一般过去时的区别 现在完成时表示过去发生或已经完成的某一动作对现在产生的影响或结果,强调的是现在现在完成时表示过去发生或已经完成的某一动作对现在产生的影响或结果,强调的是现在 的情况。所以它不能和表示过去时间状语连用;而一般过去时只单纯表示过去的动作或状的情况。所以它不能和表示过去时间状语连用;而一般过去时只单纯表示过去的动作或状 态,和现在不发生关系,可以和表示过去的时间状语连用。态,和现在不发生关系,可以和表示过去的时间状语连用。 He has lived in Beijing since 1999. 自自 1999 年以来他一直住在北京。年以来他一直住在北京。 (说明他现在仍然在北京。(说明他现在仍然在北京。 ) He lived in Bejing in 1999. 在在 1999 年的时候他在北京住过。年的时候他在北京住过。 (现在是否住在北京不知道)(现在是否住在北京不知道) 现在完成时 主菜单上一页下一页 现在完成时的构成 现在完成时的主要用法 现在完成时的时间状语 短暂性动词与时间段的关系 havebeen与havegone比较 与一般过去时的用法比较 现在完成时的构成 主菜单上一页下一页 助动词have (has )+ 过去分词 1.肯定句 主语+ have(has)过去分词 注意:该句式中的have或has是助动词,has用于第三人 称单数,其它人称一律用have。 他已经吃了早饭. 现在完成时的句式 2.否定句主语+havent/hasnt过去分词 3.一般疑问句 Have/Has+主语+过去分词 Yes,主语(代词主格)+have/has No,主语+havent/hasnt Hasheeatenbreakfast? Yes,hehas. No,hehasnt. Hehaseatenbreakfast. Hehasnteatenbreakfast. 总结过去分词的变化规则总结过去分词的变化规则 A:规则变化 直接在原形后+edworkplay 词尾是e时,直接加dliked 若词尾为“辅音字母加y”,则变y为i加ed。 末尾只有一个辅音字母的重读闭音节,双写末尾辅音字母加ed. eg:stoppeddroppedshoppedplannedpreferredchatted carry-carriedstudy-studied want, work, need, clean like, live, use, move stop, trip drop plan study, carry, hurry, marry wanted worked neededcleaned liked lived usedmoved stoppedtripped droppedplanned studiedcarried hurried married B不规则过去分词的构成 上一页下一页 Typeoriginalp.tp.p ABB AAA ABC ABA cost cost cost read read read meet met met catch caught caught ride rode ridden speak spoke spoken drink drank drunk eat ate eaten come came come run ran run become became become 现在完成时的主要用法 一.表示过去发生或已完成的某一动作 对现在造成的影响和结果。 上一页下一页 He has ever read the book. (他读过这本书。) I have already finished my homework. (我已经经完成了家庭作业业。) 主菜单 A:这类词常强调动作完成,不强调动作的持续 already(已经,还,肯定句)yet(否定句,疑问句) never(从来没有)ever(曾经)twice(两次) recently(近来)before(句末)just(刚刚) sofar(到目前为止)inthelastfewyears(在过去的几年里) 1. He promised to pick me up at the school gate. However. he _ yet. A. didnt arrive B. doesnt arrive C. isnt arriving D . hasnt arrived 2.China develops so fast. Thats true. It _ a lot already. A. changes B. changed C. will change D. has changed 3.- Why wont you go to the movie with me, Gina? - - Because I _ it twice. A. see B. have seen C. saw D. will see 现在完成时态句中常见的时间状语 D D B 二.表示从过去某一时刻开始并一直延 续到现在的动作或状态,但动作或状 态可能仍在继续。 上一页下一页 She has lived here since she was born. 自从她出生时就一直住在这儿。 I have learnt English for more than ten years.我已经学了10多年的英语。 现在完成时的主要用法 主菜单 一、for一段时间 (two weeks/six months/five days)for短语 表示动作延续多长时间 。 He has taught in this school for four years. (他在这所学校教书已经有四年了。) I havent seen her for a long time. (我好久没有见到她了。) 上一页下一页主菜单 二、since Mr. Smith has worked here since 1997. (1997年以来,史密斯先生一直在这工作。) I have known Daniel since 7 years ago. 自从7年前我就认识丹尼尔。 Hes learned about 5000 words since he went to college.(他上大学以来大约学了五千个 英语单词) 上一页下一页主菜单 一个时间点 一段时间ago 从句(一般过去时 ) 选用 for和 since填空: 1.We havent seen each other _ a long time. 2.His father has been in the Party _ 10 years ago. 3.The film has been on _ 20 minutes. 4.Mr Green has worked here _ he came to China. 5.His grandparents have been dead _ several years. 6. Its five years _ we met last time. for since for since for since 下一页上一页主菜单 非延续性动词与时间段的关系 非延续性动词在肯定句、疑问句中不能 与时间段连用,这些动词是:become, become, begin, buy, borrow, arrive, come/go, begin, buy, borrow, arrive, come/go, die, fall, finish, get to know, join, die, fall, finish, get to know, join, leave, marry leave, marry 等。 上一页下一页 为了表述这种意思,我们常用相应的延续性延续性 动词动词”来代替短暂性动词.(如下表) 主菜单 5.短暂动词和 延续动词转换 短暂暂性动词动词延续续性动词动词 become finish return go/leave open begin/start end die close join getmarried bebe be overbe over be backbe back be away (from)be away (from) be open be open be onbe on be overbe over be deadbe dead beclosedbeclosed bein/bea/an be marriedbe married borrow keep buy have, die be dead, begin/start be on leave be away (from), come /go be in /at, get married be married join be in /a member of arrive be in/at 下一页上一页主菜单 翻 译 练 习: 1.我买了这块手表五年了。 2.这位老人已经死了十年了。 I have bought this watch for five years. I have had this watch for five years/since 5 years ago. The old man has died for ten years. The old man has been dead for ten years/since 10 years ago. W W 下一页上一页主菜单 3.他已经回来三天了。 4.我离开家乡已十年了。 He has come back for 3 days. He has been back for 3 days/since 3 days ago. I have left hometown for 10 years. I have been away from hometown for 10 years. W W 下一页上一页主菜单 改 错 1. The film has began for an hour. . 2. I have borrowed this book for two weeks. 3. Kitty has bought a book since last week. 4. Our manager isnt in today. He has been to Guangzhou. beenon kept gone 下一页上一页主菜单 had have been 与have gone 的用法比较 have been to 意思是“到过,去过”, 表示曾经到过某处,但现在人不在那儿 。 have gone to 意思是“去了”,表示已经 去了某地,现在人可能在去的途中或已 在那儿了。 上一页下一页主菜单 That man cant be our headmaster, because he has gone to Japan. 那个人不是我们的校长,因为他去日本了 。 I have been to Beijing twice . 我去过北京两次 -Where is she? -She has gone to Nanjing. 她已经去南京了。 上一页下一页主菜单 C.用havegone或havebeen 1)Wherearetheboystudents? They_totheschoolfactory. 2)Isyourfatherin? No,he_toShenzhen. _heever_therebefore? Yes,he_thereseveraltimes 3)HeaskedmeifI_toHangzhoubefore. ItoldhimthatIwantedtogothereforavisit asI_never_tothatcitybefore. 4)Mybrother_theGreatWallthreetimes. 5)I want to return the book to Jack, but I cant find him. - He _ the library. You can find him there. havegone hasgoneto Hasbeen hasbeen havebeen havebeen hasbeento hasgoneto 现在完成时与一般过去时的区别 现在完成时表示过去发生或已经完成的 某一动作对现在产生的影响或结果,强 调的是现在的情况。所以它不能和表示 过去时间状语连用;而一般过去时只单 纯表示过去的动作或状态,和现在不发 生关系,可以和表示过去的时间状语连 用。 HehaslivedinBeijingsince1999. 自1999年以来他一直住在北京。 (说明他现在仍然在北京。) HelivedinBejingin1999. 在1999年的时候他在北京住过。 (现在是否住在北京不知道) eg:He has bought an English-Chinese dictionary. 他已经买了一本英汉字典。 He bought an English-Chinese dictionary. 他曾买过一本英汉字典。 上一页下一页 第一句用现在完成时时态,意为:“He bought an English-Chinese dictionary. And he still has it” “过去他买了一本英汉字典,现 在他还有这本字典” 。 第二句用过去时只叙述过去他买过一本英汉字 典这一事实,至于现在他是否有这本字典并未强 调说明。 主菜单 二.一般过去时常与具体的时间状语连用 ,现在完成时通常与模糊的时间状语连 用,或无时间状语。 1.一般过去时的时间状语有: yesterday ,last week,一段时间ago, in 1980(过去时间 ), in October ,just now, a moment ago. 上一页下一页主菜单 eg: The plane took off ten minutes ago. We finished our task last week . 上一页主菜单 动 词 填 空: 1._ you already_ (clean) the room? Yes, we _(do) that already. 2 When _ you _(do) it? We _(do) it an hour ago. Have cleaned have done did do did 下一页上一页主菜单 3. I _ (read) the novel twice. Its interesting. 4. She _(go) to Pairs, hasnt she? Yes. 5. How _ she _(go) there yesterday? She _(go) there by air. have read has gone did go went 下一页上一页主菜单 动 词 填 空: 1._ you _(clean) the room? Yes, we _(do) that already. When _ you _(do) it? We _(do) it an hour ago. 2._ he _(see) this film yet? Yes. When _ he _(see) it? He _ it last week. 3. How many times _you_(be) there? Havecleaned have done diddo did Hasseen didsee saw havebeen 下一页上一页主菜单
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