1、人教版高中英语（2019）必修第一册 Unit 4Natural Disaster 一、词汇一、词汇 1、识记、识记 disaster, tornado, drought, landslide, tsunami, flood, volcano, rescue, damage, destroy, evacuate, helicopter, death, affect, shelter, crack, percent, brick, metal, shock, electricity, trap, bury, breathe, revive, effort, unify, wisdom, cont
2、ext, suffer, hurricane, survive, power, pipe, whistle, emergency, calm, aid, crash, sweep, wave, strike, deliver, summary, length, *release, *deadly 2、词形变化、词形变化 destroy v. 毁灭，破坏 destroyer n. 破坏者 destruction n. 毁灭，破坏 destructive adj. 毁灭性的， 引起 破坏的 affect vt. 影响，假装， （感情上）深深 打动，使悲伤（或怜悯等） affection n. 假装
3、 affected adj. 假装的，做作的 affecting adj. 深深打动人的 affectively adv. effect n. 影响 effective adj. 有效的 percent n. 百分之 percentage n. 百分比，百分率 shock vt. 感到震惊 shocked adj. 感到震惊的 shocking adj. 令人震惊的 electricity n.电 electric/ electrical adj. 用电的， 电动的 electronic adj. 电子的 electronically adv. electrically adv. breath
4、e v. 呼吸 breath n. 呼吸 unify v. 同意，使成一体 unification n. wise adj. 明智的，充满智慧的 wisely adv. wisdom n. 智慧，明智 suffer v. （因疾病、痛苦、悲伤等）受 苦，受难，受折磨 sufferer n. 受苦者，受难者 suffering n. 痛苦，苦难 sufferance n. 经勉强同意， 由于 （某人的）宽容 power n. 能力，权力，能量 v. 驱动， 带动 powerful adj. 有权势的， 有影响 力的，强有力的 powerfully adv. 强有力地， 激动 人心地 powerl
5、ess adj. 无权的，无影响 力的 powerlessness n. survive v. 存货，生存，幸免于难 survival n. 存活，幸存，残存物 survivor n. 幸存者 emergency n. 突发事件，紧急情况 emergent adj. 新兴的，处于发 展初期的 sum n. 总数， （数字的） 简单计算 v. 总 结，概括 summary n. 总结，概括，概要 adj. 总结性的，概要的 summarily adv. summarize vt. 总结，概括，概 述 length n. 长度 long adj. 长的，长时间的，长 久的，长期的 adv. 长期地
6、lengthen v. （使）边长 3、应用、应用 1. 辨析：damage, destroy, ruin, break, spoil 这些动词均有“破坏，损坏”之意。 break：普通用词，指某物因被打破或 撕破而受到破坏，可指有形或无形的破 坏。 destroy： 多指彻底地、 毁灭性地破坏， 含导致无用、不能或很难再修复的意味。 可用于比喻意义。 ruin：多指因外部原因而受到严重破 坏或毁灭，或因长期不用而荒废，侧重 破坏的彻底性，也可用于引申意义。 wreck：侧重指船只、车辆、房屋等 受到严重破坏或完全毁坏，也可指计划、 健康受到损害。 damage：多指对无生命物体的损害， 造成
7、降低价值、破坏功能等后果。 spoil：强调不仅会削弱力量、精力或价 值，而且会导致不可避免的毁灭。还可 以理解为“宠溺、宠坏了”。 (2013 辽 宁 ， 23) The accident caused some _ to my car, but its nothing. A. harm B. injury C. ruin D. damage 2. 辨析：survive, save, rescue rescue：多指营救某人脱离紧迫的危 险。 save：含义广泛，既可指营救某人使 脱离危险，也可指精神或道德上的拯救。 survive: 不及物动词，“幸存，幸免于 难”。 3. suffer
8、v.（因疾病、痛苦、悲伤等） 受苦、受累、受折磨；遭受，蒙受 suffer from sth.|suffer for sth. Many company are suffering from a shortage of skilled staff. 许多公司苦于缺乏熟练员工。 The company suffered huge losses in the financial year. 公司在上一财政年度出现巨额亏损。 拓展：拓展： sufferance n. on sufferance 经勉强同意，由于（某人 的）宽容 Hes only staying here on sufferance.
9、 他是经人面前同意待在这儿的。 sufferer n.患病者，受苦者，受难者 She received many letters of support from fellow sufferers. 许多和她有共同遭遇的人给她来信，对 她表示支持。 suffering Un. 疼痛，痛苦，折磨，苦难 Death finally brought an end to her suffering. 死亡终于结束了她的痛苦。 (sufferings)痛苦，苦恼痛苦，苦恼 The hospice aims to ease the sufferings of the dying. 临终关怀医院旨在减轻临终者
10、的痛苦。 3 二、阅读二、阅读 I 课文词块翻译 rise and fall jump out of water cause damage tens of thousands of with strong support from the government rebuild for a brighter future II 课文解构课文解构 1 during 2 water 3 lights 4 shake 5 survivors III 判断正误判断正误(T/F) TFTFF 1. When the Tangshan earthquake took place, most people d
11、idnt notice it. 2. Two thirds of the people living in Tangshan were killed in the earthquake. 3. It was hard for survivors to be saved. 4.About 90 percent of the citys factories and buildings were destroyed and gone. 5. The city of Tangshan has revived itself without the governments support. IV 表格填空
12、表格填空 Warning signs before the earthquake Strange things were happening. There were 1. _that appeared in the well walls. Animals behaved abnormally. At later night, bright lights were seen in the sly outside the city of Tangshan and loud noises were heard while the citys one million people were 2. _
13、that night. Damages caused by the earthquake At 3:42 a.m., everything began to shake. It seemed as if the world were 3. _! In less than one minute, a large city lay in ruins. 4. _ people who were killed or badly injured in the quake was more than 40, 000. Nearly everything in the city was 5. _, incl
14、uding factories, buildings, hospitals and almost all traffic facilities were unavailable. People were 6. _. Water, food, and electricity were hard to get. Rescue and rebuilding afterthe earthquake Soon after the quakes, 150, 000 soldiers were sent there to dig out those who were trapped and to 7. _.
15、 10, 000 doctors and nurses came to provide medical care. Workers built shelters for 8. _ whose homes had been destroyed. The city started to revive itself and get back up 9. _. With strong support from the government and the 10. _ of the citys people, a 4 new Tangshan was built upon the earthquake
16、ruins. 1 deep cracks 2 asleep as usual 3 coming to an end 4 The number of 5 destroyed 6 in shock 7 bury the dead 8 survivors 9 on its feet 10 tireless efforts V 根据课文内容选择正确答案根据课文内容选择正确答案 BCCB 1. What does the first paragraph mainly talk about? A.Animalsactivities before the earthquake. B. Warnign sig
17、ns before the earthquake. C. Detailed descriptions of the earthquake. D. Natural phenomena during the earthquake. 2. Which of the following statements is right? A. Half of the nation felt the Tangshan earthquake. B. One third of the people in Tangshan were dead or injured. C. The Tangshan earthquake
18、 took place when people were sleeping. D. The Tangshan earthquake also caused serious damage to Beijing. 3. Which of the following was NOT mentioned in Paragragph 3? A. Buildings were destroyed badly. B. Transports were cut off. C. Rivers were filled with dirt and sands. D. Water, food and electrici
19、ty were difficult to get. 4. What should we do in times of disaster according to the last paragraph? A. Get back up on our own feet only. B. Unify and be positive. C. Wait for outside rescue. D. Move to other places to rebuild homes. VI 课文语法填空课文语法填空 Strange things were happening in the countryside o
20、f northeastern Hebei. At about 3:00 a.m. on 28 July 1976, bright lights 1. _ (see) in the sky outside the city of Tangshan and loud noises were heard. But the citys one million people were 2. _ (sleep) as usual that night. At 3:42 a.m., everything began to shake. It seemed as if the world were comin
21、g to 3. _ end! In less than one minute, a large city 4. _ (lie) in ruins. Two thirds of the people who lived there were dead or 5. _ (injure). Everywhere survivors looked, there was nothing 6. _ ruins. Nearly everything in the city was destroyed. But soon 7. _the quake, many soldiers and doctors wer
22、e sent to Tangshan to help those 8. _ were trapped and lost homes. Slowly, the city began 9. _ (breathe) again. The city began to revive itself and get back up 10. _ its feet. 1 were seen 2 asleep/sleeping 3 an 4 lay 5 injured 6 but 7 after 8 who 9 to breathe 10 on 三、语法三、语法 （一）语音（一）语音 清辅音和浊辅音 （二）（二）
23、限制性定语从句：关系代词 一、定语从句的定语及分类 （什么样的从句是定语从句？定语从句有哪几类？如何区分？） 教学目标：通过定语，引入定语从句的定义，要求学生： 理解定语从句的定义；明白掌握定语从句定义的用处，并学会判别一个从句是否 为定语从句。 定语定语从句 定什么是定语什么是定语？什么是定语从句什么是定语从句？ 5 义（1）对名词起描绘、修饰、限定作用 的结构。 （2） （完整版）放在一个名词前或名 词后，对该名词起描绘、修饰、限定 作用的结构。 （被修饰的名词，叫名次中心词） （1）作定语的从句，叫定语从句。 （2） （完整版）放在先行词（名词、代 词、或一句话）后面，对该先行词起描 绘
24、、修饰、限定作用的从句，叫定语从 句。 （被修饰的名词、代词或一句话，叫先 行词） （3）放在先行词后，起描绘、修饰、 限定作用的从句，叫定语从句。 词 性 定语，一般由形容词来充当。 （名词、地点副词、介词短语、非谓 语动词也可以修饰名词，充当定语） a good book （形容词） the people present （地点副词） the boy in the classroom （介词短语） falling leaves （非谓语动词 ing 分 词） fallen leaves （非谓语动词 ed 分词） leaves fallen to the ground（非谓语动 词 ed
25、分词） the coming day（非谓语，-ing 分词） the day to come（非谓语动词，-to do 不定式） 定语从句又被叫做形容词性从句。 位 置 根据定语与被修饰名词之间的先后顺 序，分为： （1）前置定语）前置定语： a good book falling leaves fallen leaves the coming day （2）后置定语）后置定语： the people present the boy in the classroom the day to come leaves fallen to the ground leaves, fallen to t
26、he ground 根据定语从句的定义，可知：定语从句 一般要放在被修饰的先行词的后面： The book that/ which he bought yesterday is interesting. 先行词（名词）定语从句 There was nobody who she could turn to for help. 先行词（代词）定语从句 He always sings highly of his part in the project(,) which makes others unhappy. 先行词（一句话） 定语从句 特例特例： as 引导的定语从句可以放在句首引导的定语从句可
27、以放在句首。 As we know, the earth goes around the sun. 分 类 限制性定语： a good booklling leaves fallen leavesthe coming day the people present the boy in the classroom leaves fallen to the ground the day to come 限制性定语从句 The book that/ which he bought yesterday is interesting. She has a sister who is a lawyer.
28、非限制性定语从句 Thebook,that/whichhebought 6 非限制性定语 leaves, fallen to the ground yesterday is interesting. She has a sister, who is a lawyer. 13.2.1 陈述定语从句的定义，并找出下列划线部分中的定语从句。 1. I dontknow who he is. 2. Do you know that he is going to Beijing tomorrow? 3. Its said that he is a scientist. 4. Its in this fa
29、ctory that he once worked. 5. This is the factory where he once worked. 6. He is the man that were looking for. 7. Well never forget the days we spent together. 8. I have no idea when he will arrive. 9. What he said is puzzling. 10. Its where you lived. 11. Where there is a will, there is a way. 12.
30、 As he is ill, he cant go to school today. 13. As we all know, the earth goes around the sun. 14. He went to the station early in order that he could catch the early train. 二、定语从句引导词（即：先行词）的分类、句法功能（即：关系词在句子中所作的成 分） （关系词分哪几类？关系词在从句中可以作什么成分？） 教学目标：通过特殊疑问词，引入定语从句关系词，要求学生： 理解关系代词、关系副词的作用；借助关系代词的十句话，以及两组
31、关系，达到 数量判断、正确选用核实的关系词。两组关系为：1）谓语动词个数1=连词个数；2） 看从句中少不少成分。 关系代词的十句话： 只用 that 不用 which 的三句话： （定语从句中），先行词既指人又指物； 先行词由指物的复合不定代词充当； 先行词前有序数词、最高级、the very, the only, the last 以及 some, any,no 等数量限定词修饰。 只用 which 不用 that 的三句话 先行词由一句话充当； 先行词指物的非限制行定语从句； 先行词指物，关系词前有介词。 只能用 who/whom 不能用 that 的三句话： 先行词由指人的复合不定代词充
32、当； 先行词指人的非限制性定语从句； 先行词指人，关系词前有介词。 只用 as 的一句话： 先行词前有 the same, as, so, such 修饰。 总结以上 10 句话，可以得出下面的结论： 在选择定语从句的关系代词时，我们只用看三点就可以啦： 先行词由谁来充当； 先行词由谁来修饰； 关系词前有无逗号或介词。 特殊疑问词关系词 7 1、疑问代词在句中作主、宾、表、 定 Who are you? 表语 What are you doing? 宾语 Who(m) are you looking for? 宾语 Which do you like best? 宾语 Who broke th
33、e window? 主语 Whose book is this? 定语 1、关系代词 conj. 连接主从句； 在从句中作主、 宾、表、定 This is the book which/that I bought yesterday. 宾语 This is the man who is Tom. 主语 This is the man that/who/whom I am looking for.宾语 The man whose leg is broken is Tom. 定 语 2、疑问副词在句中作状语 When will you leave? 时间状语 Where do you live?
34、地点状语 Why are you late again? 原因状语 How do you go to school every day? 方式 状语 2、关系副词 conj. 连接主从句；在从句中作状语 Thedayswhenwelivedthereare unforgettable. 时间状语 This is the factory where we once worked. 地点状语 We dont believe the reasons why he was absent. 原因状语 注意：how 不能引导定语从句 关系代词 conj. 连接主从句；在从句中 作主、宾、表、定 which
35、指物、一句话主、 宾、 表 that指人、物主、 宾、 表 who指人主、 宾、表 whom指人 宾、表 as指人、物、一句话 主、 宾、 表 whose指人、物定 知识点学习 题解题做 8 关系副词 conj. 连接主从句；在从句中 作状语 when先行词指时间时间状 语 where先行词指地点地点状 语 why先行词指原因原因状 语 结题三大步： 1、看谓语个数与连词个数 是否存在从句？ 2、是否是定语从句？ 2、从句中少不少成分 用关系代词？还是用关系副词？ 先行词指人？指物？指时间？指地点？指原因？有无特殊情况存在？ 三、 关系代词的正确选用（方法：看从句中少不少成分+先行词后移） （
36、如何正确地选用合适的关系词？） 9 四、定语从句解题思路分解 第一步、是否为定语从句 不是定语从句按相应从句的方法、步骤解题。 是定语从句按下列方法、步骤结题。 第二步、从句中是否缺少成分（主宾表定） 不少成分应选用关系副词 先行词指时间关系副词选用 when; 先行词指地点关系副词选用 where; 先行词指原因关系副词选用 why。 少成分（定语）关系代词选用 whose; 少成分（主宾表）按照以下步骤进行选择关系代词： 第三步、先行词指人还是指物 先行词既指人又指物关系词选用 that 先行词指人关系词选用 that, who, whom 先行词指物关系词选用 that, which 第
37、四步、限制性定语从句还是非限制性定语从句 That 不能引导非限制性定语从句。 第五步、是否有特殊情况 先行词既指人又指物关系词选用 that 先行词由指物的不定代词(everything, something, nothing, those, all)充当关 系词选用 that 先行词前有序数词、最高级，以及 the very ,the only 修饰关系词选用 that 10 先行词由指人的不定代词(somebody, anybody, everybody, someone, anyone, everyone, those, all)充当关系词选用 who 或 whom 先行词指人，关系词
38、前有介词时关系词选用 whom 先行词指人的非限制性定语从句关系词选用 who 或 whom 先行词由一句话充当关系词选用 which 先行词指物，关系词前有介词时关系词选用 which 先行词指物的非限制性定语从句关系词选用 which 先行词前有 the same, as, so, such 修饰时关系词选用 as 第六步、检验先行词后移 注意：区分定语从句与主语从句、同位语从句、结果状语从句和强调句 五、写作五、写作新闻报道小结 写作储备写作储备 阅读教材 P.55Summary，提炼概要写作的写作方法。 I. 文体特点文体特点 概要写作具备说明重点和简短这两个特点。要求考生能够抓住原文
39、的关键信息，抓 住文章的主旨大意，并用高尖端凝练的语言将其概括表达出来。 II. 写作四部曲写作四部曲 1. 确定体裁，明确主题和结构。 体裁结构 记叙文 人物+时间+地点+事件 （起因+发展 +结果） 说明文 事物的性质功能： 对象+性质功能+ 利好 问题的解决方法和措施：文体+解 决方法 现象类：现象+原因+结果 议论文主题+补充论据+（结论 2. 确定主题句，找关键信息 划出每一段的主题句，抓住关键信息，忽略次要信息。 3.改写关键信息，的出要点。 使用意义相同或相近的单词、短语或句式，或使用不同的句子结构表达同一意思， 如：改变时态、肯定变否定等，避免抄袭原文句子。 4.添加连接词，使
40、行文连贯。 要牢记各段落要点之间的逻辑关系和自然衔接，用恰当的关联词去连贯全文。常用 的关联词有：however, besides, in addition, therefore, instead 等。 典例剖析典例剖析 （2018 年 11 月份浙江高考）阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇 60 词左右的内容概要。 Its a really good idea to visit colleges before you apply because their websites can all start to look and sound the same. Nothing will give y
41、ou the sense of what it will actually be like to live on a college campus like visiting and seeing for yourself the dorms, classrooms and athletic equipment and, of course, the students. It seems a little crazy once senior year hits to find the time to visit college campuses, and it can also be pric
42、ey if the schools you are applying to happen to be more than a car ride away. But keep in mind that you are making a decision about the next four years of your life, and do all the research you can to make sure 11 you are making the right one. Theres no excuse not to vusit the schools in your local
43、area. In fact, a lot of college applications even ask if you have visited campus, and obviously, if you live across the country that wont be as much of a possiblility, but if you live nearby, go check it out! If campus visits arent going to happen before you apply, at the very least you should find
44、some timebetqeen applying and getting your acceptance letters to visit the school youd like to attend. It can save you a lot of heartache if you rule out now the things that you dont like about certain campuses, things that you wouldnt know uless you actually visit. Now, if time and money are making
45、 it impossible, then check out the online college fairs at CollegeWeekLive. Its a chance to chat online with admissions officers, students, and college counselors (顾问), and it wont cost you a penny! You can register for its online college fair at CollegeWeekLive. com. While visiting an online colleg
46、e fair dcant take the place of an actual campus visit, it can be a very useful tool that along with all your other research will help you make an informed decision about which colleges or universities youd like to attend. 审题谋篇审题谋篇 1、定框架 好的开始，成功的一半 体裁议论文 主题探访申请大学 框架主题+补充论据 1、2、3 2、划主题句，找关键信息 打造一篇要点全面
47、、用词准确的极优作文 Para. 1 主题句：It is a really good idea to visit colleges before you apply because their websites can all start to look and sound the same. 关键信息：a really good idea to visit colleges before you apply Para. 2 主题句：Theres no exscuse not to visit the schools in you rlocal area. 关键信息：visit the sch
48、ools in your local area Para. 3 主题句： If campus visits arent going to happen before you apply, at the very least you should find some time between applying and getting your acceptance letters to visit the schools youd like to attend. 关键信息：at the very least you should find some time between applying a
49、nd getting your acceptance letters to visit the schools youd like to attend. Para. 4 主题句：Now, if time and money are making it impossible, then check out the online college fairs at CollegeWeekLive. 关键信息：check out the online fairs 3、词汇、句式升级创造极优作文的倩词靓句 Para. 1 1. 写出下列词语的同义词 （1）good ideaworthwhile （2）v
50、isitpay a visit to 2. 改写关键信息 Its really worthwhile to pay a visit to your desired colleges personally before applying. Para. 2 1.将后置定语改为前置定语 12 The school in your local area your local colleges 2. 改写关键信息 Undoubtedly, you should visit your local colleges. Para. 3 1. 写出下列词语的同义表达 （1）at the very leastat
