1、Using language 主主谓一致谓一致( (一一) ) 一、名词作主语时的主谓一致一、名词作主语时的主谓一致 1.只表示复数意义的名词只表示复数意义的名词people, police , cattle, clothes等等, ,形式上是单数形式上是单数, ,而而 意义上却是复数意义上却是复数, ,谓语动词要用复数形式。谓语动词要用复数形式。 The police are searching for a tall dark man with a beard. 2.集体名词集体名词 crowd,family,team,group,government,committee,class,uni
2、on,firm,staff, public等作主语时等作主语时, ,谓语动词的数要根据语言内容而定谓语动词的数要根据语言内容而定。 强强调整体调整体, ,谓语动词用单数形谓语动词用单数形式式; ;强强调各个成员调各个成员, ,则谓语动词用复数形式。则谓语动词用复数形式。 As far as I know , his family is a big one.(强调整体强调整体) ) When I visited them yesterday , the family were having dinner.(强调成员强调成员) ) 3.只作不可数名词的集体名只作不可数名词的集体名词词 clothi
3、ng, furniture , baggage/luggage , scenery , jewellery , equipment 等等作主语时作主语时, ,谓语动词用单数形式。谓语动词用单数形式。 His luggage is very heavy , and he needs someone to help him. The scenery of this mountain area is beautiful , which has attracted many tourists. 4.单复数同形的名词单复数同形的名词means, sheep, deer等等, ,据其表达的单复数的意义而定
4、据其表达的单复数的意义而定。 All possible means have been tried , but none of which is perfect. Every possible means has been tried and the result is very good. 5.只有复数形式的名只有复数形式的名词词 goods, clothes , remains等等, ,谓语动词用复数形式。谓语动词用复数形式。 The goods of the store are of high quality. Her clothes are always beautiful and f
5、ashionable. 6.表示成双成套的名表示成双成套的名词词 glasses, trousers ,shoes ,scissors , gloves等等, ,谓谓 语动词用复数形式。语动词用复数形式。 My shoes dont fit my feet , so I have to buy another pair. Her glasses she bought yesterday are very expensive. 7.表表示成双成套的名词前若有示成双成套的名词前若有pair of , type of等修饰等修饰,谓语动词根据量谓语动词根据量 词的形式而定。词的形式而定。 A new
6、 pair of glasses was bought yesterday for her by her friend. 二、并列结构作主语时的主谓并列结构作主语时的主谓一致一致 主语主语谓语动词谓语动词 由and或both.and连接连接, ,其内容是复数其内容是复数复数复数 由or , either.or.,neither.nor.,not only.but also.,not.but.等连接 就近原则就近原则 主语后有主语后有with, together with, along with, as well as, like, rather than , but , except等词等词
7、或短语时或短语时 单复数与前面的主语单复数与前面的主语 一致一致 Both Jim and his parents were sitting in the shade of a large tree. Neither the students nor the teacher knows the reason why she behaved strangely. and与谓语动词的单数与谓语动词的单数 (1)由由and连接的并列单数主语前若有连接的并列单数主语前若有no, each , many a, every等修饰等修饰,谓语谓语 动词要用单数。动词要用单数。 Each teacher an
8、d (each) student was given a ticket. Every hour and (every) minute is important for us. (2)当当and连接的两个词指同一个人或物时连接的两个词指同一个人或物时,谓语动词要用单数。谓语动词要用单数。 The writer and poet is coming soon. (同一个人同一个人, ,注意注意poet前无冠词前无冠词) 三、数量概念作主语时的主谓一致三、数量概念作主语时的主谓一致 1.1.表示时间、距离、长度、重量等的复数名词短语作主语时表示时间、距离、长度、重量等的复数名词短语作主语时, ,谓语
9、动词谓语动词 用单数形式。用单数形式。 Five minutes isnt enough to finish this work. 2.some,most,rest及分数、百分数等作主语时及分数、百分数等作主语时, ,谓语动词的单复数根据谓语动词的单复数根据 所代替的名词而定。所代替的名词而定。 Most of the workers are against the plan. . ( (指代可数名词复数指代可数名词复数) )大部分工人反对这个计划。大部分工人反对这个计划。 The rest of the fresh water has been shipped to the city. (指
10、代不可数名词指代不可数名词) )剩剩下的淡水已被送入城中。下的淡水已被送入城中。 3.“a number of+可数名词复数可数名词复数”作主语时作主语时, ,谓语动词用复数形式。但谓语动词用复数形式。但 是是,“the number of+可数名词复数可数名词复数”作主语时作主语时, ,谓语动词用单数形式。谓语动词用单数形式。 A number of students have made up their minds to take part in after-school activities. The number of students who have made up their m
11、inds to take part in after-school activities is 120. 四、不定代词作主语时的主谓一致四、不定代词作主语时的主谓一致 1.either,each,little,much等作主语时等作主语时, ,谓语动词用单数形式。谓语动词用单数形式。 Each of the books is worth reading. 2.both,few,many,several等作主语时等作主语时, ,谓语动词用复数形式。谓语动词用复数形式。 Both of the sisters are interested in medicine. 3.all指可数名词复数作主语时
12、指可数名词复数作主语时, ,谓语动词用复数形式谓语动词用复数形式; ;若指不可数名词作主若指不可数名词作主 语时语时, ,谓语动词用单数形式。谓语动词用单数形式。 All are present at the meeting today. All of the information is very important. 4.none指可数名词复数作主语时指可数名词复数作主语时, ,谓语动词用单、复数形式均可谓语动词用单、复数形式均可; ; 若指不可数名词作主语时若指不可数名词作主语时, ,谓语动词用单数形式。谓语动词用单数形式。 None of them is/are aware of th
13、e danger. 五、其他情况作主语时的主谓一致五、其他情况作主语时的主谓一致 1.单个动词不定式单个动词不定式( (短语短语) )、动词、动词-ing( (短语短语) )或从句作主语时或从句作主语时, ,谓语动词用单数。谓语动词用单数。 To read English aloud every morning is of great benefit to your English study. 2.当当what引导的主语从句表示复数概念时引导的主语从句表示复数概念时, ,谓语动词用复数。谓语动词用复数。 What we badly need are good teachers. 3.ther
14、e be句型中句型中,be动词的单复数与最靠近它的名词一致。动词的单复数与最靠近它的名词一致。 There is a table and four chairs in the room. 4.定语从句中关系代词作主语与先行词一致。定语从句中关系代词作主语与先行词一致。 Our guide, who is a French Canadian , is an excellent cook. 5.the+adj./PP 指一类人指一类人, ,谓语动词用复数。谓语动词用复数。 The injured of this accident are being taken good care of in ho
15、spital now. 1.The design on the back (show) the yellow-eyed penguin , one of the worlds rarest penguins. 2.Not until the early 19th century (be) nail paints changed into the nail polish that we see today. 3.98% of the surface (be) covered permanently by ice and strong winds driven by gravity blow fr
16、om the pole to the coastline. 4.About two miles away from my home (stand) a mountain which is really worth touring. shows were is stands practise 5.While running regularly cant make you live forever , the review says it (be) more effective at lengthening life than walking, cycling or swimming. 6.Fas
17、t food (be) full of fat and salt ; by eating more fast food people will get more salt and fat than they need in their diet. is is 7.His family(be) poor and he used to work hard to support his family. 8.Look!Those cattle (be) eating grass on the hill now. 9.Each actor and each actress (be) invited to
18、 our school yesterday. 10.Many people say 1,000 dollars (be) a lot of money. 11.About 70 percent of the earths surface (be) covered with water. 12.The number of the students in middle school (be) increasing year after year. 13.All (be) willing to reach an agreement. was are was is is is are Look at
19、the sentences from the reading passage and answer the questions. 1 In which sentence does the word “enemy” refer to different members? Is it followed by a singular verb or plural verb? 2 In which sentence does the word “enemy ” refer to a single unit? Is it followed by a singular verb or plural verb
20、? Do you know any other similar nouns? 3 Is the word “people” usually followed by a singular verb or plural verb? Do you know any other similar nouns? 1 In sentence (b), the word “enemy” refers to different members. It is followed by a plural verb. 2 In sentence (a), the word “enemy” refers to a sin
21、gle unit. It is followed by a singular verb. Other similar nouns are family, team, class, crowd, government, etc. 3 The word “people” is usually followed by a plural verb. Other similar nouns are police, cattle, etc. correct any mistakes in these sentences or put a in the square brackets if they are
22、 correct. are is uniforms is Complete the film review with the correct form of the verbs in the brackets. kills decides is are love The road to peace Among the many horrors inflicted on humanity by the Second World War was the massive bombing of civilians, often referred to as “terror bombing”. The
23、purpose of doing this was to destroy the morale of ordinary people and stop them from supporting the war effort. The Japanese used terror bombing in China, especially in Chongqing, which they bombed more than 200 times over the duration of five and a half years (1938-1943), killing thousands of Chin
24、ese civilians. Did You Know? 1 Who is being interviewed? 2 What is the relationship between the two interviewees? 3 What are they talking about? 1 Gao Li and Gao Ming. 2 Brother and sister. 3 They are talking about the five-year terror bombing campaign by Japanese forces in Chongqing during the War
25、of Resistance against Japanese Aggression. Listen to the interview and answer the questions. Listen again and complete the interviews notes. 1 eight / 8 2 shook 3 fires in the distance 4 eleven / 11 5 the bombing planes 6 to watch 7 scared 8 5 June 1941 9 the basement 10 five hours 11 people 12 our
26、fighting spirit 13 around 960,000 of the citys 14 “city of heroes” 15 those we lost 16 cherish the peace we enjoy today That must be terrible for I can only imagine how it must have felt. Im sorry to hear that. I feel sad for I remember The first thing I remember was Ill never forget Complete the bo
27、xes with the expressions from the interview. Read the introduction to UN peacekeeping and answer the questions. Pay attention to the words and expressions in bold. 1 What is the significance of UN peacekeeping missions? 2 What role is China playing in UN peacekeeping? 1 UN peacekeeping missions aim
28、to give stability to conflict zones and allow governments to reestablish authority. 2 China is playing an increasingly important role in UN peacekeeping and it has trained 8,000 troops who are kept on standby for UN missions. Complete the fact file about UNs peacekeeping mission in Liberia with the correct form of the words and expressions in Activity 8. 1 civil wars 2 peacekeeping mission 3 peace process 4 conflict zones 5 peacekeeping forces 6 reestablished
