1、non-finite forms as subject, object and predicative Review: Using language non-finite forms 一、概念一、概念 动词不定式是非谓语动词形式的一种。它的基本形式是动词不定式是非谓语动词形式的一种。它的基本形式是“to + +动动 词原形词原形”,”,有时可以不带有时可以不带to。动词不定式没有人称和数的变化。在。动词不定式没有人称和数的变化。在 句中不能作谓语句中不能作谓语, ,可以作主语、宾语、表语、状语等。可以作主语、宾语、表语、状语等。 动词不定式to do 二、构成 1.不定式的一般式 肯定结构:t
2、o do否定结构:not to do Banks actively encourage people to borrow money.银行积极鼓励人们贷款。 Teachers told us not to be late for class.老师告诉我们上课不要迟到。 2.不定式的进行时 肯定结构:to be doing否定结构:not to be doing The boy pretended to be reading.那个男孩儿假装正在读书。 3.不定式的完成时 肯定结构:to have done否定结构:not to have done She remembers to have se
3、en the film before.她记得之前好像看过这部电影。 三、 不定式的用法 1.不定式作主语 当动词不定式作主语时,不定式可直接放在谓语动词前的主语位置,此时谓语为单 数;也可用it作形式主语,真正主语就是不定式,置于后边。 To learn a foreign language well is not easy.学好一门外语不是那么容易。 To get up early is necessary.早起有必要。 Its important for you to walk after supper.晚饭后散步很重要。 2.不定式作宾语 (1)有些动词用不定式作宾语,常见的这类动词有
4、decide,plan,refuse,need,forget,stop,remember,promise,agree,wish,hope, happen等;有些动词后常跟形式宾语it, to do为真正宾语,这些动词常见的有 think, make, find, feel等。 They decided to have a peaceful talk. I hope to visit the Great Wall again. He refused to do me a favour. I happened to have met her in the park. They found it i
5、mportant to learn English well. I think it my honour to work with her. (2)一些动词后常用不定式to do作宾语的补足语,表示to do的动作是由宾语所做 的;如encourage , ask, tell, want等一些动词。 The teacher encouraged his students to work hard. 这位老师鼓励他的学生努力学习。 The police ask us to obey the traffic rules. 警察要求我们遵守交通规则。 (3)注意一些使役动词let, make, ha
6、ve和感官动词feel, watch, see , hear , notice等动词的主动用法后常用省略to的不定式作宾语补足语,被动需还原出to。 Let me help you. Mary made the little boy cry. The little boy was made to cry by Mary. 3.不定式作表语 不定式作表语时通常放在be,become,seem,appear,get,sound,look,grow等系动 词后面,不定式是对主语的具体说明,主语通常为 dream,business,wish,plan,duty,idea等词,也可以是what等引导的名
7、词性从句等。 当然在一些情况下,如主语被不定式修饰时或主语为what引导且带有do的主语从 句时等,不定式to可以省略。 My dream is to be a teacher. His duty is to clean the room. What I suggest is to start work at once. To see is to believe. .单句语法填空 1.It is exciting (hear) the news. 答案:to hear 2.They refused (cooperate) with us. 答案:to cooperate 3.We all be
8、lieve it important (have) fresh air. 答案:to have 4.There are several tips (form) a good habit. 答案:to form 5.He feels it his duty (help) me. 答案:to help 6.He has no idea how (deal) with such problems. 答案:to deal 7.Id be the first(admit) I might be wrong. 答案:to admit 8.The purpose of education is (devel
9、op)a fine personality in children. 答案:to develop .完成句子 1.我建议你累了就休息一下。 My suggestion is when you feel tired. 答案:to have a break 2.妈妈总是让我独立做作业。 I do homework by myself. 答案:was often made to 3.越来越多的人开始意识到健康的重要性。 An increasing number of people are beginningthe importance of good health. 答案:to realise 4.
10、爬山是一项好的运动,它对健康有益。 Climbing is a good sport , which health. 答案:is beneficial to 5.我认为被邀请在这儿发言是我的荣幸。 I think it my honour speak here. 答案:to be invited to Look at the sentences from the reading passage and answer the questions. 1 Look at the “to do” structures in sentences (a) and (b). Do they serve th
11、e same function in each sentence? 2 In sentence (c), is the -ed form used as an adjective or a past participle? Why does the author use the -ed form other than the -ing form? 3 What is the function of the -ing form in sentence (d)? No, they dont. “To explore” in sentence (a) serves as object and “to
12、 float” in sentence (b) serves as predicative. The -ed form is used as an adjective. The author wants to describe the visitors feeling, so the -ed form is used. The -ing form is used as subject. Complete the passage with the correct form of the verbs in brackets. 1 Drawing 2 to recreate / recreating
13、 3 astonished 4 to explore Read the information below and write a paragraph introducing the 24 Solar Terms with the words in the box. Learning from natures wisdom led farmers in Ancient China to create the 24 Solar Terms Learning from natures wisdom led farmers in Ancient China to create the 24 Sola
14、r Terms, which were based on observation of changes of seasons, astronomy and other natural phenomena. Indicating changes in weather conditions, the 24 Solar Terms remain of particular importance to farmers for guiding their practices. The first term is known as “Beginning of Spring”, and marks when
15、 the days become longer and the temperature begins to increase. Nowadays, the 24 Solar Terms not only apply to farming, but also guide Chinese people in everyday life. So varied are the functions of the Solar Terms and their contributions to cultural identity, that in 2016, they were added to UNESCO
16、s List of Intangible Cultural Heritage. Work in pairs. Talk about one of the Solar Terms using the structures you have learnt in this unit where appropriate. 立春立春the Beginning of Spring (1st solar term) 雨水雨水Rain Water (2nd solar term) 惊蛰惊蛰the Waking of Insects (3rd solar term) 春分春分the Spring Equinox
17、 (4th solar term) 清明清明Pure Brightness (5th solar term) 谷雨谷雨Grain Rain (6th solar term) 立夏立夏the Beginning of Summer (7th solar term) 小满小满Lesser Fullness of Grain (8th solar term) 芒种芒种Grain in Beard (9th solar term) 夏至夏至the Summer Solstice (10th solar term) 小暑小暑Lesser Heat (11th solar term) 大暑大暑Greate
18、r Heat (12th solar term) 立秋立秋the Beginning of Autumn (13th solar term) 处暑处暑the End of Heat (14th solar term) 白露白露White Dew (15th solar term) 秋分秋分the Autumn Equinox (16th solar term) 寒露寒露Cold Dew (17th solar term) 霜降霜降Frosts Descent (18th solar term) 立冬立冬the Beginning of Winter (19th solar term) 小雪小雪
19、Lesser Snow (20th solar term) 大雪大雪Greater Snow (21st solar term) 冬至冬至the Winter Solstice (22nd solar term) 小寒小寒Lesser Cold (23rd solar term) 大寒大寒Greater Cold (24th solar term) Read the passage about biomimicry and answer the questions. Pay attention to the words and expressions in bold. 1 What are t
20、he types of biomimicry mentioned in the passage? What else do you know about them? One is copying form and shape. Another one is taking inspiration from the abilities of animals. 2 What other examples of biomimicry can you think of? Share them with the class. Complete the information with the words
21、and expressions in Activity 5. 1 taking inspiration from 2 Copying 3 observing 4 inspired by 5 seeking solutions to Read the passage and answer the questions. 1 Why were Chinese martial artists inspired by animal movements? 2 What were Hua Tuos achivements? Because many Chinese martial artists admir
22、ed the natural instincts, senses and fighting abilities that other animals possess in order to survive in the wild. Hua Tuo created Wu Qin Xi. He was the first physician to use anesthesia during surgery in China. He was known as the best physician of his time and he was an expert in acupuncture. 鹿戏，
23、熊戏，鸟戏，猿戏，虎戏鹿戏，熊戏，鸟戏，猿戏，虎戏 Listen to the conversation about Wu Qin Xi and tick the topics mentioned by the speakers. Listen again and complete the introduction to Wu Qin Xi. 1 identified with a form of exercise 2 the / their organs to work better 3 does good to 4 the heart to work well 5 deer exercis
24、e 6 good for the lung 7 to live to an advanced age 8 more than 90 years of age 9 mental benefits 10 to relax the mind and improve concentration Complete the boxes with the expressions from the conversation. Talking about benefits Showing interest By, you learn It helps people to is good for Really? Thats interesting! Thats very impressive. Sounds great! Learning from nature
