1、 To know the usage of ellipsis. To learn some types of natural disasters. Ellipsis 省略省略 Read the following and read the explanation. Its just typical that my journey is on one of the oldest lines, as well as one of the deepest. Its the hottest on the whole Tube system. Q: 本句中本句中as well as one of the
2、 deepest后后 的的lines 为什么可以省略？为什么可以省略？ A: 此处此处as well as连接的是两个平行的名词连接的是两个平行的名词 短语短语，因为，因为这两个平行名词短语的中心这两个平行名词短语的中心 词同为词同为lines，所以可以省略，所以可以省略。在省略中。在省略中 心词时，我们既可以省略前一个名词的心词时，我们既可以省略前一个名词的 中心词，也可以省略后一个名词短语的中心词，也可以省略后一个名词短语的 中心词，因此中心词，因此我们也可以我们也可以说：说：Its just typical that my journey is on one of the oldest
3、as well as one of the deepest lines. 不过不过这种省略现象主要见于书面语体。这种省略现象主要见于书面语体。 My office is only on the third floor of the building, so quite low. Ill speak with my manger about moving to the top floor. Q: 本句中的省略应该如何理解？本句中的省略应该如何理解？ A: 第一句的后半部分第一句的后半部分省略了主语和谓语省略了主语和谓语， 即即：my office is, 因为它们与前半部分的因为它们与前半部分的
4、 主语和谓语相同，如果主语和谓语相同，如果不省略的话不省略的话就会就会 显得很显得很啰嗦啰嗦。当然，我们也可以说：。当然，我们也可以说：on the third floor of the building, my office is quite low. Q: 英语中省略句的作用是什么？英语中省略句的作用是什么？ A: 英语中，为了使语言英语中，为了使语言简洁明了简洁明了、重点重点 突出突出或上下文或上下文紧密相连紧密相连，可以省去某些，可以省去某些 句子成分而句子成分而保持句子原意不变保持句子原意不变。了解和。了解和 掌握这一现象，在阅读上有助于理解，掌握这一现象，在阅读上有助于理解， 在写
5、作上有助于在写作上有助于用词简练用词简练、行文自然流行文自然流 畅畅。 Look at the sentences from the reading passage. a Its just typical that my journey is on one of the oldest lines, as well as one of the deepest. b My office is only on the third floor of the building, so quite low. Compare them with the following sentences and ans
6、wer the questions. c Its just typical that my journey is on one of the oldest lines, as well as one of the deepest lines. d My office is only on the third floor of the building, so it is quite low. 1 What has been left out in sentences (a) and (b)? 2 Why does the author leave them out? 1 What has be
7、en left out in sentences (a) and (b)? a. lines b. it is 2 Why does the author leave them out? When we use ellipsis appropriately, no one thinks we have left out anything, and ellipsis is normal and very common, especially in informal conversation. We can avoid repetition, highlight off key words, ca
8、n be concise and comprehensive, and make the context closely linked. Now look for more sentences with ellipsis in the reading passage. 1. Its the hottest (journey) on the whole Tube system. 2. its lovely at the beach but (its) not so. 3. Perhaps now (it) is the time to start planning for the future?
9、 省略省略 (Ellipsis) 在英语中，为了使在英语中，为了使语言简洁或避免重复语言简洁或避免重复， 省略句中的一个或几个句子成分省略句中的一个或几个句子成分，这种语，这种语 法现象称为省略。法现象称为省略。 简单句中的省略简单句中的省略 在简单句中，可省略主语、谓语或谓语的一在简单句中，可省略主语、谓语或谓语的一 部分、宾语等，有时甚至同时省略若干成分部分、宾语等，有时甚至同时省略若干成分。 如：如： (You) Hand me the book over there. (Is) Anybody against the suggestion? What do you think made
10、 David so happy? Passing his driving test (made him happy). 并列句中的省略并列句中的省略 在并列句中，如果后面的分句与前面的分句在并列句中，如果后面的分句与前面的分句 中有相同的成分，常被省略，以避免重复中有相同的成分，常被省略，以避免重复。 如：如： I arrived here today, and (I) must stay here one or two weeks.（省略主语）（省略主语） I asked John to go, but she (asked John) to stay.（省略谓语和宾语（省略谓语和宾语） K
11、nowing is one thing, and believing (is) another thing. （省略系动词）（省略系动词） In my class, boys like sports while girls do not (like sports). （省略谓语和宾语）（省略谓语和宾语） My father looked angry, and I certainly was (angry). (省略表语省略表语) 复合句中的省略复合句中的省略 1. 定语从句中的省略定语从句中的省略 在限制性定语从句中，可省略在从句中作宾在限制性定语从句中，可省略在从句中作宾 语的关系代词语的关
12、系代词that, which, whom, who。如：。如： That is the film (which / that) we watched last week. Tom isnt a man (whom / that / who) you can believe in. 注意：注意： 当先行词为当先行词为the way时，从句用时，从句用that或或in which引导，引导，that或或in which也常被省略也常被省略。 如：如： We admired him for the way (in which / that) he faces his difficulties. 关系
13、代词作介词的宾语，且介词置于关系关系代词作介词的宾语，且介词置于关系 代词之前时，则不可省略关系代词代词之前时，则不可省略关系代词。如：。如： The athlete to whom you talked is a famous runner. （whom 不可省略不可省略） 2. 状语从句中的省略状语从句中的省略 在状语从句中，如从句的主语与主句的主语在状语从句中，如从句的主语与主句的主语 一致，谓语中又包含动词一致，谓语中又包含动词be时，可以省略主时，可以省略主 语和动词语和动词be。状语从句中作主语的代词状语从句中作主语的代词it以及以及 动词动词be也可以省略也可以省略。如：。如：
14、While (I was) in Hangzhou, I paid a visit to the West Lake. The computer is of no use unless (it is) repaired. Although (he is) still young, he knows a lot. Hand in the work tomorrow if (it is) possible. 3. 宾语从句中的省略宾语从句中的省略 在宾语从句中，连词在宾语从句中，连词that 一般可以省略；但一般可以省略；但 宾语从句中包含宾语从句中包含that引导的两个或两个以上引导的两个或两个
15、以上 的并列的宾语从句时，通常只有第一个的并列的宾语从句时，通常只有第一个that 可以省略可以省略。如：。如： I dont believe (that) Mike has joined the army. Lisa told me (that) she was ill and that she couldnt go to school the next day. 注意：注意：有时可用有时可用so或或not代替上文的内容代替上文的内容。如：。如： Work hard. If not (If you dont work hard), you will fail in the exam. Do
16、you think Mr. Green will give us help? I hope so. (I hope he will give us help.) 【拓展】【拓展】 动词不定式中为了避免重复，常省去前面出动词不定式中为了避免重复，常省去前面出 现的相同部分，而只保留不定式符号现的相同部分，而只保留不定式符号to；如；如 果在省略的不定式结构中含有果在省略的不定式结构中含有be, have, have been时，这些词要保留。如：时，这些词要保留。如： I asked my friend to have a drink, but he didnt want to (have a
17、drink). Are you a teacher now? No, but I used to be (a teacher). 将下列句子改写为省略句。将下列句子改写为省略句。 1. Im not listening to music now, but I was listening to music in the morning. Im not listening to music now, but I was in the morning. 2. Mrs. Smith wont attend the party unless she is invited. 3. The boy didn
18、t want to take these tablets, but he had to take them. Mrs. Smith wont attend the party unless invited. The boy didnt want to take these tablets, but he had to. Read the paragraph and find out what words have been removed before or after the underlined words. Technology isnt the only way to forecast
19、 the weather. Nature has its ways (_), too. Unusual animal behavior, for example, can indicate whether its cold, wet weather thats on the way or a hot, dry period (_). to forecast the weather of whether If fish are jumping higher than usual or frogs are croaking more loudly (_), it may rain. And nex
20、t time you look up at the sky, dont just look for rain clouds, but also (_) for birds. If they are flying low, grab your umbrella. It is also said that mice and snakes head for safer ground several days before an earthquake, while dogs avoiding the beach may be a sign that a tsunami is approaching.
21、than usual look Of course, although these things may suggest something bad is going to happen, they wont tell us when (_)and where (_). So, for accurate and reliable predictions, its best to check an official, scientific report. to happen to happen Remove words from the news report to make it more c
22、oncise. The 8.1-magnitude earthquake that hit Nepal on 25 April 2015, was one of the worst (earthquakes) in history. On hearing the news, China was quick to start organising emergency aid. International rescue teams soon began to arrive in the country. Amongst all the international heavy rescue team
23、s, the China International Search and Rescue Team (CISAP) was the first (international heavy rescue team) to arrive. Consisting of 62 people, it not only included rescuers and medical staff, but also included earthquake experts. By early May, emergency Aid worth 9.7 million US dollars had been donat
24、ed by China, with a further round (of emergency aid) to follow. Look at the pictures and answer the questions. droughttyphoon tsunami wildfire avalanche earthquake blizzard Which one do you think is the most dangerous? Typhoon Haiyan, one of the most powerful storms on record, struck the Philippines
25、 on November 8. Typhoon means an extremely large, powerful, and destructive storm that occurs especially in the region of the Philippines or the China Sea. Can you name some big natural disasters in history? 1. Haiti Earthquake of 2010 2. Hurricane Katrina of 2005 3. Hurricane Andrew of 1993 4. Toho
26、ku Earthquake and Tsunami 5. Tsunami of 2011 6. Tangshan Earthquake 7. 2008 China Earthquake 8. Cyclone Nargis 9. 2003 Iran Earthquake 10. 2005 Pakistan Earthquake Haiti Earthquake of 2010 First, we will take a look at the Haiti Earthquake of 2010. It had a magnitude of 7.0, which is one of the stro
27、ngest earthquakes the world has ever seen. It rocked Haiti, and left aftershocks that were felt by many. They had over 200,000 deaths, and millions were left homeless and in need of emergency assistance. Hurricane Andrew of 1993 Hurricane Andrew was another hurricane that hit the United States and r
28、eally left its mark. It was considered to be the 5th worst hurricane to hit the US, ranking right there above Hurricane Katrina. It left massive destruction, causes a lot of deaths, and also had billions of dollars in property damages to be considered. Tangshan Earthquake On July 28, 1976, a powerfu
29、l earthquake measuring 8.3 on the Richter scale struck an industrial city with approximately one million inhabitants of Tanshan, China. The massive earthquake caused death of thousands of people and caused irreparable damage to property and life. It is estimated that around 255,000 people lost their
30、 lives. 2008 China Earthquake The biggest earthquake struck Chinas Sichuan province on May 12, 2008. The earthquake was measured at 7.9 on Richter scale and killed about 87,000 people. It left millions of people homeless. Thousands of them were buried under the rubble of crushed communities. Factori
31、es, schools, homes were collapsed and it took troops and rescue teams significant amount of effort to reach areas of southwestern China. Complete the reports with the words in Activity 4. Pay attention to the words describing natural disasters. In 1881, an _ struck the small Vietnamese city of Haiph
32、ong, bringing terrible strong winds. When it hit the coast, huge tidal waves caused sever flood, costing the lives of up to 300,000 citizens. typhoon In August 1949, the Landes region of South- west France faced a major _ that lasted almost a week. Some 500 km of forested land was burnt and 82 peopl
33、e killed. Even today, it is considered one of Europes most deadly forest fires. wildfire 2 The winter of 1950 to 1951 came to be known as the Winter of Terror when over 600 _ struck towns and villages in the mountains of the Swiss- Austrian Alps. Caused by exceptionally heavy snowfall within a short
34、 period of time, they destroyed buildings and forests, and claimed over 256 lives. avalanche In 1960, Chile suffered the strongest _ to be recorded in the 20th century. The shock is generally agreed to have had a magnitude of 9.5. It caused a(n) _ with waves of up to 25 metres affecting places as fa
35、r away as Hawaii and Japan. earthquake tsunami A(n) _ hit Iran in February 1972, causing a week of extremely low temperatures. Winter storms brought as much as 7.9 metres of snow in the south of the country, resulting in the deaths of about 4,000 people. blizzard In July 2011, a(n) _ struck East Afr
36、ica. It was said to be the worst in 60 years, and not a single drop of rain fell for almost a whole year. It led to a sever food crisis and threatened the livelihoods of more than 9.5 million people. drought Work in pairs. Talk about a recent natural disaster you have heard about or seen on the news
37、. Locust disaster I was in a hotel near the beach. It had been very windy for a few hours and it had rained for two days. Suddenly, the wind became much stronger. There were some trees across the road near the beach and they began to move from side to side. The hotel manger said that we had to stay
38、in the hotel because this was the start of a hurricane. We closed all the window and stayed in our rooms. The hurricane lasted for two days. It was terrifying! Do you know any other natural disasters? Make a list of natural disasters. Describe one natural disaster you have heard about or seen on the news.
