1、1 高考英语短文改错高考英语短文改错 高考短文改错题具有“高起点、低落点”的特点,对学生的语言感觉和语言能力要求较高, 但改正的错误往往比较简单。很多学生做不好改错题不是因为没有掌握这些语法知识,而是不能 通过语感找出错误。所以培养学生有意识地去注意一些高考短文改错的常考点非常重要。 综合近年的高考题我们可以看出主要在以下语法项目上设题: 1.名词和限制词的搭配 主要涉及可数与不可数名词与冠词、指示代词、物主代词的错误搭配,以及名词的单复数的 误用。 2.动词的时态、语态以及非谓语动词 常出现在总体时态为过去或现在时中间杂有另一时态的现象, 以及动词的谓语与非谓语形式、 非谓语动词之间的误用。
2、 3.代词的误用 主要是代词的格与数的错用。如男性用了女性代词,单数用了复数代词或相反;应当用形容 词性的物主代词用了名词性等。 4.数词的误用 主要是序数词与基数词的混用和错用,以及 hundred, thousand, dozen, score 等词和具体 数量词连用时的用法以及表示约数的用法。 5.形容词与副词 主要涉及到形容词和副词的原级、比较级与最高级的误用,以及形容词和副词的误用等。 6.考查英语中的并列现象 在一些英语中的并列结构中没有用并列的语法结构,如并列连词连接的两个部分等。 7.考查上下文的逻辑关系 but, and, so, however, otherwise 等一些
3、并列连词和连接副词的误用。 before, after, when, until, since 等状语从句引导词的误用等。还有肯定和否定的误用等。 8.一些相似结构的误用 如 used to do, be used to do, be used to doing 等结构的误用。 9.惯用法的搭配 改错步骤 上述 9 个方面,同学们在做题时只要稍加留意,找出错误的比率就会增大很多。做短文改错 题时一般遵循以下几个步骤: 1.先通读全文。认真阅读短文,在做题之前确保已经弄清原文大意。注意文章中上下文的逻 辑关系是否正确,时态、人称、主谓、指代等是否一致。 2.聚焦出题热点、综合运用所学语言知识,分
4、句(注意以句子为单位而不是以行为单位)对不 同的错误情况进行分析和回答(即改词、加词或减词)。 2 3.再次通读全文,校对自己的改正是否正确。一般各种改错的方式都应该用到,如果出现了 某一种改法(如加词、减词等)没有用到,要考虑自己的改错应该有问题,要对刚才不是很有把握 的行进行推敲。在自己认为正确的行后划勾,并且校对其他行改正的符号是否准确,大小写是否 拼写正确(这点同学们很容易忽视)。如果某一行有两种改错方式要推敲哪一种是最佳改法。 高考英语改错常见考点大剖析及经典习题 高考短文改错命题焦点: 短文改错是全国统一高考中一种综合性很强的试题。短文改错的文章多采用记叙文,有时也 用说明文。在
5、100 词左右的短文中设有十个小题,该题的设计形式有四种: 1该行错一个词,找出来并改正。 2该行多一个词,找出来并去掉。 3该行缺一个词,补上一词。 4该行没错,不改动。 从近几年的高考题来看,这四种形式的考查情况大致为:多一词 12 处;缺一词 12 处; 正确 1 处;错一词 56 处。这种题说到底是考查用词、词的搭配、词法、句法及语篇中的行文逻 辑等各方面的水平。换句话说,这是一种比较全面的考查。我们在平时的学习中就要注意做到词 不离句,句不离篇,要特别注意词的用法、搭配和语法分析能力的培养。平时打好这种基础,就 为正确地解题准备了条件。 短文改错解题技巧: 快速阅读掌握大意。 短文改
6、错时应先从头到尾快速读一遍,了解其大意,这样有助于了解其中的逻辑关系,对时 态、人称等都心中有数。十行中一般有九行有错误,一行无错,如发现并纠正错误,首要的任务 是对全段文字有个整体的理解,阅读中注意句子的时态、语态、语气、非谓语动词或动词短语, 注意句子中的名词、数词,以及其他词性的语法要求,注意句子之间的逻辑关系,注意段落的主 旨内容,注意整篇短文的中心内容,这样才更加有效地完成改错。 在改错过程中, 要结合上下文语境来观察,不要只盯住一行。按照上述的原则,对语法、句法、逻辑词义、 搭配等诸方面进行综合考查分析并改正错误,应看上下文中有无逻辑关系上的错误,有无语法修 饰上的错误,有无惯用法
7、方面的错误。如果没有发现明显错误,则分别检查时态、人称,单复数, 主谓一致等各项。 检查句与句之间的逻辑关系是否恰当。如有不妥之处,看看是否关联词有问题。 整篇做完后,认真检查一遍,注意其中逻辑关系是否合理,时态人称等是否一致。 短文改错常见考点: 多一词: 抽象名词前多一冠词: 如: Modern people know more about the health.(去掉 the ) 专有名词前多一冠词: 如: the England(去掉 the ), the Hebei Province(去掉 the ), the Beijing Airport(去掉 the ) 3 固定词组中名词前多
8、一冠词: 如: go to the school(去掉 the ), go to the prison(去掉 the ),at the work(去掉 the ) , in the bed(去掉 the ), go to the hospital(去掉 the ), set a fire to sth (去掉 a)., at the first(去掉 the ), the most of them(去掉 the ),at the noon(去掉 the ), make a rapid progress(去掉 a ),a plenty of(去掉 a ) 表示交通工具的和 by 连用的名词前多一
9、冠词: 如: by the air(去掉 the ), by the bus(去掉 the ), by the ship(去掉 the ) 表示体育活动的名词前; 如: play the football(去掉 the ), play the basketball(去掉 the ) 表示节日(常含有 Day)的名词前多一冠词: 如: the National Day(去掉 the ), the May Day(去掉 the ) 表示“非常”意思的“most”前多一冠词: 如: He is the most hardworking. (去掉 the ) 某种让步状语从句中名词前面多一冠词: 如:
10、 A child as he is, he knows a lot. (去掉 a ) 在表示时间的“one/ this/ every + 名词”的时间状语前多一介词: 如: on one day(去掉 on ), on that evening(去掉 on ), in every week(去掉 in) 某些及物动词因混淆词义而多一介词或副词; 如: raise up ones hand(去掉 up ) pick(摘)up apples(去掉 up ) return back(回来) (去掉 back) repeat again(去掉 again) play with them in the
11、match(去掉 with ) marry with the man(去掉 with ) serve for the people(去掉 for ) enter into the room(去掉 into) I learn English every day to improve it better(去掉 better ). 表示地点的副词前多一介词: 如 go to there(去掉 to ) drive to home(去掉 to) return to home(去掉 to ) 4 某些动词、连词、介词或副词后面多了一个介词: 如: because of his left leg was
12、broken(去掉 of) instead of he developed his love for the theatre(去掉 of ) I looked at but could see nothing. (去掉 at) join in the army(去掉 in ) 状语从句和主句间多一并列连词: 如: Although he is very busy, but he often helps us with housework. (去掉 but ) As the weather was good, so I decided to go there yesterday.(去掉 so)
13、充当状语的分词和主句之间多了并列连词: 如: Her husband died, and leaving her three children. (去掉 and ) He sat under the tree and reading a magazine. (去掉 and ) 作定语的分词前多一代词: 如: The child who reading a book is her brother.(去掉 who) How I regretted the hours which wasted in the woods. (去掉 which ) 定语从句中多一代词: 如: The film that
14、 I saw it yesterday is good. (去掉 it ) This is the very book that I am looking for it. (去掉 it ) He is the man we talked about him. (去掉 him ) 在“连词+ 分词”结构中多一代词: 如: While I waiting for a bus, I found a wallet lying on the ground.(去掉 waiting 前的 I ) If it heated, ice turns to water. (去掉 it) 在某些固定结构中多了“to”
15、, 如: I would rather stay at home than to go to the cinema with you.(去掉第一个 to) Why not to take a holiday for a good rest? (去掉 to ) She said she would rather not to discuss it right now. (去掉 to ) You had better not to go there. (去掉 to ) I made them to do the cleaning. (去掉 to ) I had him to clean the r
16、oom. (去掉 to ) We noticed him to walk out of the garden. (去掉 to ) I often hear her to sing the song. (去掉 to ) 缺一词: 表一类事物的单数可数名词前缺冠词: 5 如: A/The horse is a useful animal. 单数可数名词前缺少表示“一”的不定冠词, 如: There is a library in every town in Britain. Good health is a persons most valuable possession. 特指名词前缺定冠词 t
17、he , 如: Have you read the books by Mark Twain? The book on the desk is mine. 作状语的动词不定式缺 “to”, 如: David and I want to go off to find help and other organizations are working to improve health all over the world. 形容词最高级前缺定冠词 the , 如: one of the earliest kinds of money such 或 so 与单数名词连用时不可缺少冠词, 如: This
18、 is such a good book that I like it. He is so good a student that all the teachers like him. 姓氏复数形式(表示一家人或夫妇二人)前面缺一冠词, 如: The Turners are watching TV. 表示世纪的某个年代前面缺一冠词, 如: In the 1870s, when Marx was already in his fifties, he found it important to study the situation in Russia. 表示“一个名叫的人”前缺一冠词, 如: A
19、 Miss Lee is waiting for you outside. “形容词比较级+ of the two”前缺一冠词, 如: He is the taller of the two. 某些固定短语中缺一冠词, 如: in the end, go to the cinema, in the daytime, on the right 抽象名词具体化时前面缺一冠词, 如: 6 The meeting held yesterday was a success. It is a famous Chinese tea. The experiment turned out to be a fai
20、lure. 作定语的不定式后缺少必要的介词, 如 He is looking for a room to live in. There is nothing to worry about. I need a pen to write with. 一些固定短语或习惯搭配中缺介词, 如 He didnt reply to my letter. Are you sure about it? Thousands and thousands of people like watching TV. Dr Wang started to operate on them at once. He grasped
21、 my hands and asked for my name and address. Just then a man came to me and asked what I was looking for. 并列句缺并列连词, 如: He was tired and it was getting dark. He asked me to go, so I went. He is old, but he is still strong. 名词性从句中缺少必要的连接词, 如: That he will come is certain. It is uncertain whether he ca
22、n come or not. We all know the truth that the earth goes round the sun. They expressed the hope that they would come over to visit China again. 定语从句中缺少必要的关系代词, 如: The police have found the knife with which the man killed his wife. The changes that/ which have taken place are great. Is this the boy w
23、ho did the good deed? 缺少为避免重复而使用的替代词“that 或 those”, 主要涉及可数与不可数名词与冠词、指示代词、物主代词的错误搭配,以及名词的单复数的 误用。 2.动词的时态、语态以及非谓语动词 常出现在总体时态为过去或现在时中间杂有另一时态的现象, 以及动词的谓语与非谓语形式、 非谓语动词之间的误用。 7 3.代词的误用 主要是代词的格与数的错用。如男性用了女性代词,单数用了复数代词或相反;应当用形容 词性的物主代词用了名词性等。 4.数词的误用 主要是序数词与基数词的混用和错用,以及 hundred, thousand, dozen, score 等词和具
24、体 数量词连用时的用法以及表示约数的用法。 5.形容词与副词 主要涉及到形容词和副词的原级、比较级与最高级的误用,以及形容词和副词的误用等。 6.考查英语中的并列现象 在一些英语中的并列结构中没有用并列的语法结构,如并列连词连接的两个部分等。 7.考查上下文的逻辑关系 but, and, so, however, otherwise 等一些并列连词和连接副词的误用。 before, after, when, until, since 等状语从句引导词的误用等。还有肯定和否定的误用等。 8.一些相似结构的误用 如 used to do, be used to do, be used to doi
25、ng 等结构的误用。 9.惯用法的搭配 改错步骤 上述 9 个方面,同学们在做题时只要稍加留意,找出错误的比率就会增大很多。做短文改错 题时一般遵循以下几个步骤: 1.先通读全文。认真阅读短文,在做题之前确保已经弄清原文大意。注意文章中上下文的逻 辑关系是否正确,时态、人称、主谓、指代等是否一致。 2.聚焦出题热点、综合运用所学语言知识,分句(注意以句子为单位而不是以行为单位)对不 同的错误情况进行分析和回答(即改词、加词或减词)。 3.再次通读全文,校对自己的改正是否正确。一般各种改错的方式都应该用到,如果出现了 某一种改法(如加词、减词等)没有用到,要考虑自己的改错应该有问题,要对刚才不是
26、很有把握 的行进行推敲。在自己认为正确的行后划勾,并且校对其他行改正的符号是否准确,大小写是否 拼写正确(这点同学们很容易忽视)。如果某一行有两种改错方式要推敲哪一种是最佳改法。 高考英语改错常见考点大剖析及经典习题 高考短文改错命题焦点: 短文改错是全国统一高考中一种综合性很强的试题。短文改错的文章多采用记叙文,有时也 用说明文。在 100 词左右的短文中设有十个小题,该题的设计形式有四种: 1该行错一个词,找出来并改正。 2该行多一个词,找出来并去掉。 3该行缺一个词,补上一词。 4该行没错,不改动。 从近几年的高考题来看,这四种形式的考查情况大致为:多一词 12 处;缺一词 12 处;
27、8 正确 1 处;错一词 56 处。这种题说到底是考查用词、词的搭配、词法、句法及语篇中的行文逻 辑等各方面的水平。换句话说,这是一种比较全面的考查。我们在平时的学习中就要注意做到词 不离句,句不离篇,要特别注意词的用法、搭配和语法分析能力的培养。平时打好这种基础,就 为正确地解题准备了条件。 短文改错解题技巧: 快速阅读掌握大意。 短文改错时应先从头到尾快速读一遍,了解其大意,这样有助于了解其中的逻辑关系,对时 态、人称等都心中有数。十行中一般有九行有错误,一行无错,如发现并纠正错误,首要的任务 是对全段文字有个整体的理解,阅读中注意句子的时态、语态、语气、非谓语动词或动词短语, 注意句子中
28、的名词、数词,以及其他词性的语法要求,注意句子之间的逻辑关系,注意段落的主 旨内容,注意整篇短文的中心内容,这样才更加有效地完成改错。 在改错过程中, 要结合上下文语境来观察,不要只盯住一行。按照上述的原则,对语法、句法、逻辑词义、 搭配等诸方面进行综合考查分析并改正错误,应看上下文中有无逻辑关系上的错误,有无语法修 饰上的错误,有无惯用法方面的错误。如果没有发现明显错误,则分别检查时态、人称,单复数, 主谓一致等各项。 检查句与句之间的逻辑关系是否恰当。如有不妥之处,看看是否关联词有问题。 整篇做完后,认真检查一遍,注意其中逻辑关系是否合理,时态人称等是否一致。 短文改错常见考点: 多一词:
29、 抽象名词前多一冠词: 如: Modern people know more about the health.(去掉 the ) 专有名词前多一冠词: 如: the England(去掉 the ), the Hebei Province(去掉 the ), the Beijing Airport(去掉 the ) 固定词组中名词前多一冠词: 如: go to the school(去掉 the ), go to the prison(去掉 the ),at the work(去掉 the ) , in the bed(去掉 the ), go to the hospital(去掉 the
30、), set a fire to sth (去掉 a)., at the first(去掉 the ), the most of them(去掉 the ),at the noon(去掉 the ), make a rapid progress(去掉 a ),a plenty of(去掉 a ) 表示交通工具的和 by 连用的名词前多一冠词: 如: by the air(去掉 the ), by the bus(去掉 the ), by the ship(去掉 the ) 表示体育活动的名词前; 如: play the football(去掉 the ), play the basketbal
31、l(去掉 the ) 表示节日(常含有 Day)的名词前多一冠词: 9 如: the National Day(去掉 the ), the May Day(去掉 the ) 表示“非常”意思的“most”前多一冠词: 如: He is the most hardworking. (去掉 the ) 某种让步状语从句中名词前面多一冠词: 如: A child as he is, he knows a lot. (去掉 a ) 在表示时间的“one/ this/ every + 名词”的时间状语前多一介词: 如: on one day(去掉 on ), on that evening(去掉 on
32、), in every week(去掉 in) 某些及物动词因混淆词义而多一介词或副词; 如: raise up ones hand(去掉 up ) pick(摘)up apples(去掉 up ) return back(回来) (去掉 back) repeat again(去掉 again) play with them in the match(去掉 with ) marry with the man(去掉 with ) serve for the people(去掉 for ) enter into the room(去掉 into) I learn English every day
33、 to improve it better(去掉 better ). 表示地点的副词前多一介词: 如 go to there(去掉 to ) drive to home(去掉 to) return to home(去掉 to ) 某些动词、连词、介词或副词后面多了一个介词: 如: because of his left leg was broken(去掉 of) instead of he developed his love for the theatre(去掉 of ) I looked at but could see nothing. (去掉 at) join in the army(
34、去掉 in ) 状语从句和主句间多一并列连词: 如: Although he is very busy, but he often helps us with housework. (去掉 but ) As the weather was good, so I decided to go there yesterday.(去掉 so) 充当状语的分词和主句之间多了并列连词: 如: Her husband died, and leaving her three children. (去掉 and ) 10 He sat under the tree and reading a magazine.
35、 (去掉 and ) 作定语的分词前多一代词: 如: The child who reading a book is her brother.(去掉 who) How I regretted the hours which wasted in the woods. (去掉 which ) 定语从句中多一代词: 如: The film that I saw it yesterday is good. (去掉 it ) This is the very book that I am looking for it. (去掉 it ) He is the man we talked about him
36、. (去掉 him ) 在“连词+ 分词”结构中多一代词: 如: While I waiting for a bus, I found a wallet lying on the ground.(去掉 waiting 前的 I ) If it heated, ice turns to water. (去掉 it) 在某些固定结构中多了“to”, 如: I would rather stay at home than to go to the cinema with you.(去掉第一个 to) Why not to take a holiday for a good rest? (去掉 to
37、) She said she would rather not to discuss it right now. (去掉 to ) You had better not to go there. (去掉 to ) I made them to do the cleaning. (去掉 to ) I had him to clean the room. (去掉 to ) We noticed him to walk out of the garden. (去掉 to ) I often hear her to sing the song. (去掉 to ) 缺一词: 表一类事物的单数可数名词前缺
38、冠词: 如: A/The horse is a useful animal. 单数可数名词前缺少表示“一”的不定冠词, 如: There is a library in every town in Britain. Good health is a persons most valuable possession. 特指名词前缺定冠词 the , 如: Have you read the books by Mark Twain? The book on the desk is mine. 作状语的动词不定式缺 “to”, 如: David and I want to go off to fin
39、d help 11 and other organizations are working to improve health all over the world. 形容词最高级前缺定冠词 the , 如: one of the earliest kinds of money such 或 so 与单数名词连用时不可缺少冠词, 如: This is such a good book that I like it. He is so good a student that all the teachers like him. 姓氏复数形式(表示一家人或夫妇二人)前面缺一冠词, 如: The T
40、urners are watching TV. 表示世纪的某个年代前面缺一冠词, 如: In the 1870s, when Marx was already in his fifties, he found it important to study the situation in Russia. 表示“一个名叫的人”前缺一冠词, 如: A Miss Lee is waiting for you outside. “形容词比较级+ of the two”前缺一冠词, 如: He is the taller of the two. 某些固定短语中缺一冠词, 如: in the end, go
41、 to the cinema, in the daytime, on the right 抽象名词具体化时前面缺一冠词, 如: The meeting held yesterday was a success. It is a famous Chinese tea. The experiment turned out to be a failure. 作定语的不定式后缺少必要的介词, 如 He is looking for a room to live in. There is nothing to worry about. I need a pen to write with. 一些固定短语
42、或习惯搭配中缺介词, 如 He didnt reply to my letter. Are you sure about it? Thousands and thousands of people like watching TV. 12 Dr Wang started to operate on them at once. He grasped my hands and asked for my name and address. Just then a man came to me and asked what I was looking for. 并列句缺并列连词, 如: He was
43、tired and it was getting dark. He asked me to go, so I went. He is old, but he is still strong. 名词性从句中缺少必要的连接词, 如: That he will come is certain. It is uncertain whether he can come or not. We all know the truth that the earth goes round the sun. They expressed the hope that they would come over to visit China again. 定语从句中缺少必要的关系代词, 如: The police have found the knife with which the man killed his wife. The changes that/ which have taken place are great. Is this the boy who did the good deed? 缺少为避免重复而使用的替代词“that 或 those”,