1、Section B Learning about Language Vocabulary circumstance economic circumstances 经济状况 in/under the circumstances 在这种情况下；既然如此 in/undercircumstances 在情况下 under any circumstances 在任何情况下；无论如何 in/under no circumstances 决不；无论如何都不 练习：无论何时，情况允许的话，他们都会来助我们一臂之力。 Whenever _, they will come and lend us a helpin
2、g hand. circumstances permitted Leading in 1. They tested hundreds of Chinese medical treatments that showed promise in the fight against the disease. 2. Tu Youyou was awarded the Nobel Prize, which is considered one of the highest international honours a person can receive. 3. Tu Youyou went to Hai
3、nan, where malaria was more common, to study malaria patients. 4. Later, the medicine was tested on malaria patients, most of whom recovered. Read the following sentences and underline the relative clauses. Then name he two types of clauses and state their functions. They tested hundreds of Chinese
4、medical treatments that showed promise in the fight against the disease. They tested hundreds of Chinese medical treatments that showed promise in the fight against the disease. (restrictive, describe the kind of medical treatments they tested) Tu Youyou was awarded the Nobel Prize, which is conside
5、red one of the highest international honours a person can receive. Tu Youyou was awarded the Nobel Prize, which is considered one of the highest international honours a person can receive. (non-restrictive, give extra information about Nobel Prize) Tu Youyou went to Hainan, where malaria was more co
6、mmon, to study malaria patients. Tu Youyou went to Hainan, where malaria was more common, to study malaria patients. (non-restrictive, give extra information about Hainan) Later, the medicine was tested on malaria patients, most of whom recovered. Later, the medicine was tested on malaria patients,
7、most of whom recovered. (non-restrictive, give extra information about the patients) 非限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句 Non-restrictive clause 非限制性定语从句起补充说明作用，去掉后也不会影响对全 句的理解，它与先行词之间往往用逗号隔开。 The summer holiday, which were looking forward to, is drawing near. 我们所期盼的暑假即将到来。 含义含义 限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句的区别限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句的区别 （
8、1）形式不同 限制性定语从句与主句之间无逗号隔开；非限制性定语从句 与主句之间有逗号隔开。 This is the best novel that I have ever read. 这是我读过的最好的 小说。 I read a novel last night, which is very interesting. 我昨天晚上读 了一本小说，它非常有趣。 （2）作用不同 限制性定语从句可以修饰名词或代词，与先行词关系密切，若缺少，句意则 不完整。非限制性定语从句修饰名词或代词，也可以修饰整个句子，对先行 词仅起补充说明作用，若缺少，句意仍相对完整。 Do you remember the m
9、an who taught us English? 你记得教我们英语的那个人吗? She and her family bicycle to work, which helps them keep fit. 她和家人都骑车去上班，这有助于他们保持健康。可通过以下两个例句对比 理解两者的区别： His brother who is 19 years old is serving in the army now. 他的一个19岁的哥哥正在部队服役。(他有不止一个哥哥) His brother, who is 19 years old, is serving in the army now. 他的哥
10、哥今年19岁，正在部队服役。(他只有一个哥哥） （3）翻译不同 限制性定语从句的句子一般先译从句，后译先行词，即把从 句放在先行词前，译为“的+先行词”。非限制性定语从 句的句子一般先译主句，后译从句，形成两个分句。 He is the man who lives next to me. 他就是住在我隔壁的那个人。 He is a warm-hearted man, who lives next to me. 他是个热心肠 的人,住在我的隔壁。 （4）关系词不同 关系代词that不能引导非限制性定语从句。在限制性定语从 句中，关系代词作宾语时可以省略；在非限制性定语从句 中，所有关系词都不可省
11、略。 Mr White, whom you met yesterday, is one of my old friends. 你昨天遇到的怀特先生是我的一个老朋友。(非限制性定语 从句，whom在从句中作宾语，不能省略) as也可以作为关系代词引导限制性定语从句和非限制性定 语从句，as在定语从句中可作主语、宾语或表语。 （1）as引导限制性定语从句时，主要用在固定搭配 such.as，the same.as 中。 He is not the same man as he was.他和以前不一样了。 as的用法的用法 （2）as引导非限制性定语从句时，指代主句的内容，在从 句中作主语或宾语，常
12、译为“正如”。 Smoking is harmful to ones health, as is known to us all. 众所周知，吸烟有害健康。 （3）as引导的非限制性定语从句可置于主句前。 As I have pointed out, it is important to include vegetables in our diet. 正如我所指出的，蔬菜在日常饮食中很重要。 练习练习 1. It is a truly delightful place, _ looks the same as it must have done100 years ago with its wi
13、nding streets and pretty cottages. 2. This woman has set a good example to her son, _ is a really lucky guy. 3. My father was easily cheated, _ surprised me. 4. Around me in the picture are the things _ were very important in my life at that time: car magazines and musical instruments. 5. She is my
14、good friend, without _ help I couldnt have fitted in with the class so quickly. I will never forget those days _ we stayed together. 6. The number of smokers, _ is reported, has dropped by 17 percent in just one year. which who which that/which whose when as We were very impressed by the old man. He
15、 was not willing to acknowledge defeat. We were very impressed by the old man, who was not willing to acknowledge defeat. Afterwards, Einstein had to flee Germany. Hitler was in power there. Afterwards, Einstein had to flee Germany, where Hitler was in power. There is nothing we can do to help Linda
16、. Her circumstances are beyond our control. There is nothing we can do to help Linda, whose circumstances are beyond our control. The teacher asked us to listen to a speech by his favourite novelist, J.K. Rowling. It inspired us a lot. The teacher asked us to listen to a speech by his favourite nove
17、list, J.K. Rowling, which inspired us a lot. The building under construction was designed by I.M. Peia famous Chinese-American architect. He was born in Guangzhou, China. The building under construction was designed by I.M. Peia famous Chinese-American architect, who was born in Guangzhou, China. I
18、was asked to explain the project with the help of a flow chart. It was a big challenge for me. I was asked to explain the project with the help of a flow chart, which was a big challenge for me. Work in groups 1. I would like to travel around ., 2. What impressed me most . 3. My favourite scientist
19、is . I would like to travel around Sichuan Province, where Jiuzhaigou locates. What impressed me most about the film was the ending, which was quite moving. My favourite scientist is Nikola Tesla, who was quite brilliant but also had some crazy ideas. 4. Finally we arrived at 5. My grandparents like. 6. I wish to obtain Finally we arrived at the zoo, which was closed for repairs. My grandparents like going for outings in spring, which is good for their health. I wish to obtain a driving licence, which is necessary if you want to drive a car.
