1、Unit 1 学案学案1 I 重点词汇重点词汇 1. crucial adj. 至关重要的；关键性的 重点用法 a crucial factor/issue/decision 关键的因素关键的因素/问题问题/决定决定be crucial to 对对.至关重要至关重要 典例 1) Anderson played a crucial role in the teams victory on Saturday. 练习 汉译英 1)她的工作对项目的成功至关重要。 Her work _ the projects success. 2. vital adj. 必不可少的；极其重要的；生死攸关的；充满生机的
2、 重点用法 be vital to/for 对是至关重要的be vital to do sth. 做某事是至关重要的 a vital role 至关重要的作用perform vital function 起重要作用 It is vital that (should) do 做做是至关重要的是至关重要的/生死攸关的。生死攸关的。 典例 1) Perseverance is vital to success. 毅力毅力对于成功是至关重要的。 2) His support is vital for our project. 3) It was vital to give first aid to t
3、he injured man. 4) Its vital that we (should) carry out the operation immediately. 练习用所给单词的适当形式填空 1)It is vital for a journalist(keep) accurate records. 2)Its vital that every equipment(check) before the experiment. mitted adj. 尽心尽力的；坚定的；坚信的尽心尽力的；坚定的；坚信的 commit vt. 犯（错误、罪行犯（错误、罪行） ，干（坏事，干（坏事） ；承诺，保证
4、；投入；承诺，保证；投入vi. 投入投入 重点用法 be committed to (doing) sth. 尽力尽力/承诺做某事承诺做某事commit an error 犯错犯错 commit sb./oneself to (doing) sth. 承诺做某事承诺做某事commit a crime 犯罪犯罪 典例 1) The most awkward email mistake is usually committed in anger. They require a bigger commitment than smaller ones, and they have a more pow
5、erful effect on the feeling of a space. 2) But he quickly found that he loved playing this instrument, and was committed to practicing it so that within a couple of months he was playing reasonably well. commitment n.C，U许诺许诺，承诺承诺；U(对工作或某活动对工作或某活动)献身献身，奉献奉献，投入投入；C，U(资金资金、时间时间、 人力的人力的)花费，使用花费，使用 make
6、a commitment to sb./sth.对某人/某物作出承诺 make a commitment to do sth./ to doing sth.保证/承诺做某事 carry out one s commitment 履行某人的承诺练习 汉译英 1) 这个发展地区致力于创建一个完美的投资投资环境。 This development area _ a perfect investment environment. 2). I was deeply impressed by the energy and _(commitment)shown by players. 4. objectiv
7、e n. 目标；目的adj. 客观的客观的 重点用法 objective assessment 客观评价objective measurement 客观度量 objective description 客观描述 典例 1) You must set realistic aims and objectives for yourself. 2) The main objective of this meeting is to give more information on our plans. 练习 汉译英 1)它将提供真实和客观的信息。 It would provide_ Unit 1 学案学
8、案2 5.evaluate vt. 评价；评估 重点用法 evaluate ones ability 评估某人的能力evaluate the value/quality of sth.评估某物的价值/质量 evaluate the costs of 评估.的费用evaluate the service of the hotel 评价旅馆的服务 典例 1) I cannot evaluate his ability without seeing his work. 2) They made an intensive evaluation of the health care program. 3
9、) We must evaluate the consequences caused by the fire. Evaluation n. C,U 评估 练习 汉译英 1) 让我们评定一下此证据的价值。 _ 2) It is widely acknowledged that students should _(evaluate) in terms of overall quality. 6. property n. 性质；特征；财产；房地产 重点用法 property prices 房地产价格房地产价格a property developer 房地产开发商房地产开发商 prevent seri
10、ous property damage 防止严重的财产损失防止严重的财产损失property right 产权产权 property management 物业管理物业管理 典例 1) Dogs owners should be responsible if their pets do an injury to other people or cause damage to their property. 练习 汉译英 1)一般来说一般来说，在他们离开的时候要照看好他们的财产。 In general, _ while they are gone. 7. distinct adj. 清晰的；清楚
11、的；有区别的 重点用法 Be distinct from.与与.不同不同 make/draw a distinction 区分开来；区别对待区分开来；区别对待clear/sharp distinction 明显的不同明显的不同 It is distinct/clear that 很清楚很清楚 （= Distinctly/Clearly, .） 典例 1)It is distinct that we should make a distinction between the primary tasks and routine work in our daily work. 2)As dawn b
12、roke, the outline of a building became distinct against the sky. 练习汉译英 1)(是明显的) smoking is harmful to our health. 8. boil vt. water _ 22. found vt. 创建；建立；把.建立在 重点用法 be founded on 建立在基础上， （建筑物）建立在上 典例 1). Their marriage was founded on love and respect. 他们的婚姻建立在爱和尊重的基础上。 练习 中译英 1). 中华人民共和国成立于 1949 年。
13、23. infer vt. 推断；推定 重点用法 infer from 从.中推测出.infer a conclusion from the facts 从事实中推断出结论 典例 1) It can be inferred from the first two paragraphs that we should be content with what we already have. 练习 中译英 1)我们可以从第 5 段划线的雪莉-安的陈述陈述中推断出什么？ _ Shelly-Anns statement underlined in Paragraph 5? 24. numerous ad
14、j. 众多的；许多的 重点用法 Unit 1 学案学案6 numerous friends 很多朋友很多朋友a number of 许多许多；一些一些the number of.的的 数目数目 典例 1) There were numerous diving spots in the area and Larry was determined to visit all of them. 练习 中译英 1)这套系统的好处不胜枚举不胜枚举。 The advantages of this system are_ IV 重点词组重点词组（旨在提供词汇综合运用所需材料） 1. get stuck 陷入困
15、境；被卡在 典例 1)I got stuck in the traffic.As a result, I was late for work this morning. 重点用法 be stuck in=be trapped in 被困在被困在.be stuck/caught/held up in traffic 遭遇交通阻塞 练习 汉译英 1) 船陷在泥里了。 The boat _ the mud. 2. by chance=by accident 偶然地；意外地 典例 1).I heard them having a heated argument by chance when I pas
16、sed by. 短语归纳 meet sb. by chance 偶然遇见某人get this job completely by chance 得到这份工作纯属意外 练习中译英 1). 我在飞机上遇到汤姆纯属偶然。I met Tom _ on the plane. 3. stand up to 经得住（检验等）经得住（检验等） 典例 1) Faced with the failure, some can stand up to it, draw useful lessons from it and try hard to fulfill what they are determined to
17、do. 短语归纳 stand up for 支持，维持支持，维持stand for 代表，象征代表，象征 Stand by 袖手旁观；支持，帮助袖手旁观；支持，帮助stand out 显眼，突出；出色，杰出显眼，突出；出色，杰出 练习中译英 1)我认为，该国人民会坚持正义。 I think the people in this country will _ 4. wear and tear（正常使用造成的）磨损；损耗（正常使用造成的）磨损；损耗 典例 1) The insurance policy does not cover damage caused by normal wear and
18、tear. 短语归纳 an old pair of worn jeans 一条破旧的牛仔裤wear out 用坏，穿破；使精疲力尽用坏，穿破；使精疲力尽 练习 中译英 1)这种布料十分耐用。 This cloth is designed to stand up to_ 5. Draw out 用法详解(1)取出(= take out) He drew out from his luggage a box wrapped in coloured paper and gave it to his son (2)拖延,拉长 The final question drew the meeting ou
19、t for another hour.(3)(白昼)渐长,(天黑)渐晚 With the approach of spring the days begin to draw out 归纳拓展 draw 构成的其他短语： Draw up 起草,拟订draw in(天黑)渐早,(白昼)渐短 draw back 后退;撤回 V 重点句重点句型型 （旨在提供句子结构等所需材料） 1. One medical text from the fourth century suggested using the extract from sweet wormwood . Unit 1 学案学案7 解释动词-i
20、ng 形式做动词的宾语。常接常接-ing 形式做宾语的动词有形式做宾语的动词有：enjoy，finish，keep，practise， mind，consider，imagine，avoid，miss，advise，escape，risk，stand（忍受）等（忍受）等。 典例 1) If you think that treating a kid well means always giving him what he wants, you are totally wrong. 2) While shopping, people sometimes cant help being persu
21、aded into buying something they dont really need. 练习中译英 1)我提议坐我的车去。 _ 2. Using a lower temperature to draw out the extract, she found a substance that worked. 解释现在分词短语作方式状语。 现在分词（短语）作时间、原因、条件状语时现在分词（短语）作时间、原因、条件状语时，通常位于句首句首； 作结果、方式、伴随状语时结果、方式、伴随状语时，通常位于句末句末，该非谓语动词和句子主语之间为主动关系主动关系。 典例 1) Working as a
22、 volunteer teacher in the west, the girl took up growing vegetables. 2) Seeing that his wife was going off to sleep, he switched off the TV. 3) Going straight down the road, you will find the Childrens Palace. 4) She tried a new diet, reducing her weight. 5) Millie came riding a brand-new bike. 6) H
23、e lay on the grass, staring at the sky for a long time. 7)根据香蕉的成熟度成熟度和冰箱冰箱的温度，冷冻香蕉可以保存几个星期。 Frozen bananas will last several weeks, depending on their ripeness and the temperature of the freezer. 3. Upon hearing that she had been awarded the Nobel Prize, she said, “The honour is not just mine .” 解释o
24、n/upon+n./v.-ing 是介词短语，表示是介词短语，表示“一一.就就.” ，做时间状语，做时间状语。 典例 1) She had requested the community to turn it into a museum upon her death. 2) On hearing the news, China was quick to start organizing emergency aid. 练习中译英 1)一到茶馆，独特的茶壶和茶杯就给这些外国学生留下了深刻印象。 _, the foreign students were impressed by the unique
25、 tea pots and tea cups. VI 重点语法：重点语法：非限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句 定语从句根据与先行词关系的密切程度根据与先行词关系的密切程度可分为“限制性定语从句限制性定语从句”与与“非限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句” 。 非限制性定语从句的作用是对所修饰的成分作进一步说明作进一步说明，和主句之间用逗号逗号隔开，若把从句 去掉去掉，句子意思仍然完整仍然完整。译成汉语时，从句常单独译成一句单独译成一句。 Li Ming, who is my cousin, has gradually adjusted to the life in America. 李明是我表弟，他已
26、逐渐适应了美国的生活。 Tom was always late for school, which made his teacher angry. 汤姆上学总是迟到，这一点令他的老师很生气。 1.非限制性定语从句的引导词非限制性定语从句的引导词 非限制性定语从句的引导词有：关系代词关系代词 which，who，whom，whose，as； 关系副词关系副词 when，where 等。等。 Mr Smith, whose foot was badly hurt, was quickly sent to the local hospital. 史密斯先生的脚受了重伤，他很快就被送到了当地医院。 W
27、ell graduate in July, when well be free. 我们将于七月份毕业，到那时我们就自由了。 Yi Jianlian, as you know, is an excellent basketball player. 你知道，易建联是一名优秀的篮球远动 员。 2.as 引导的非限制性定语从句引导的非限制性定语从句 as 引导非限制性定语从句，常用在一些固定结构中常用在一些固定结构中。 as is known to all 众所周知众所周知as we all know 众所周知众所周知 Unit 1 学案学案8 as is often the case 情况常常如此情
28、况常常如此as is said above 如上所述如上所述 as we expected 正如我们预料的那样正如我们预料的那样as is reported 正如报道的那样正如报道的那样 as has been pointed out 正如已经指出的那样正如已经指出的那样as has been said before 正如之前所说正如之前所说 3.使用非限制性定语从句时应注意的问题使用非限制性定语从句时应注意的问题 （1）that 不能引导非限制性定语从句不能引导非限制性定语从句。在非限制性定语从句中，。在非限制性定语从句中，用用 who，whom 指代人指代人，用用 which 指代物指代物
29、。 Mr Smith, who is my friend, resigned last year. 史密斯先生是我的朋友，他去年辞职了。 （2）当当先行词是专有名词或被物主代词先行词是专有名词或被物主代词、指示代词修饰指示代词修饰时时，其后的定语从句通常是其后的定语从句通常是非限制性定非限制性定 语从句语从句。 The Great Wall, which is called in Chinese “The Ten-Thousand li Great Wall”, is actually more than 6,000 kilometers. 长城，中国人称作“万里长城” ，实际上有 6000
30、多千米。 （3）非限制性定语从句的非限制性定语从句的先行词可以是整个主句的内容先行词可以是整个主句的内容。 He is shallow, which is known to us all in our company. 他很肤浅肤浅，我们公司的人都知道。 Afive-year-old boy can speak two foreign languages, which surprised all the people present. 一个 5 岁的男孩会讲两门外语，这令所有在场的人感到非常惊讶。 （4）非限制性定语从句表原因时非限制性定语从句表原因时，不用，不用 why 引导，而引导，而用用
31、 for which 代替代替 why。 We could not give the reason, for which so many people were in favour of the proposal. 我们无法解释，为什么这么多人支持这项提议。 （5）先行词为独一无二的事物先行词为独一无二的事物时，一般时，一般用非限制性定语从句用非限制性定语从句修饰。修饰。 The sun, which rises in the east, gives us light and heat. 太阳从东方升起，给我们光和热。 4.分隔式定语从句分隔式定语从句 通常情况下，定语从句紧跟在先行词之后，但
32、有时有时为了保持句子平衡为了保持句子平衡，定语从句也可与其修定语从句也可与其修 饰的先行词分离饰的先行词分离，称为分隔式定语从句。 The time came at last when we went to see the exhibition. 我们去看展览的时间终于到了。 The war broke out which lasted more than 20 years. 战争爆发了，持续了 20 多年。 5.关系代词与关系副词的选择关系代词与关系副词的选择 在非限制性定语从句中，关系代词与关系副词的选择方法和限制性定语从句一样在非限制性定语从句中，关系代词与关系副词的选择方法和限制性定语
33、从句一样，引导词在 从句中作主语或宾语时，用关系代词作主语或宾语时，用关系代词；作状语时，用关系副词作状语时，用关系副词。 They want to build a cinema, which can accommodate 1,000 people.他们想建一个电影院， 能容容纳纳 1000 人。 The story in the book takes place in Canada, where Doctor Bethune was born. 书中的故事发生在加拿大，白求恩医生就是在那里出生的。 6.关系代词、人称代词、指示代词的选择关系代词、人称代词、指示代词的选择 选关系代词还是人称
34、代词或指示代词，关键是要分清句子结构关键是要分清句子结构。如果是非限制性定语从句，非限制性定语从句， 用关系代词用关系代词；如果是并列句，用人称代词或指示代词并列句，用人称代词或指示代词。 He has three sons, none of whom is an engineer. 他有三个儿子， 没有一个是工程师。 （定语从句定语从句） He has three sons, but none of them is an engineer. 他有三个儿子，但是没有一个是工程师。 （并并 列句列句） He has three sons, who are engineers. 他有三个儿子，他们都是工程师。 （定语从句定语从句） He has three sons. They are engineers. 他有三个儿子，他们都是工程师。 （两个简单句两个简单句） He has three sons, and they are engineers. 他有三个儿子，他们都是工程师。 （并列句并列句） Unit 1 学案学案9
