1、1 Unit2 Part3 作业作业 UNIT2 LOOKING INTO THE FUTURE Part 3 Using Language,Assessing Your Progress Video Time 能力提升练能力提升练 .阅读理解阅读理解 Many leadingAI researchers think that in a matter of decades, artificial intelligence will be able to do not merely some of our jobs, but all of our jobs, forever transformi
2、ng life on Earth. The reason why many regard this as science fiction is that weve traditionally thought of intelligence as something mysterious that can only exist in biological organisms, especially humans. But such an idea is unscientific. From my point of view as a physicist andAI researcher, int
3、elligence is simply a certain kind of information-processing performed by elementary particles (基本粒子) moving around, and there is no law of physics that says one cant build machines more intelligent than us in all ways. This suggests that weve only seen the tip of the intelligence iceberg and that t
4、here is an amazing potential to unlock the full intelligence that is potential in nature and use it to help humanity. If we get it right, the upside is huge. Since everything we love about civilization is the product of intelligence, amplifying (扩大) our own intelligence withAI has the potential to s
5、olve tomorrows toughest problems. For example, why risk our loved ones dying in traffic accidents that self-driving cars could prevent or dying of cancers thatAI might help us find cures for? Why not increase productivity through automation (自动化) and useAI to accelerate our research and development
6、of affordable sustainable (可持续 的) energy? Im optimistic that we can develop rapidly with advancedAI as long as we win the race between the growing power of our technology and the knowledge with which we manage it. But this requires giving up our outdated concept of learning form mistakes. 2 That hel
7、ped us win the race with less powerful technology: We messed up with fire and then invented fire extinguishers (灭火器), and we messed up with cars and then invented seat belts. However, its an awful idea for more powerful technologies, such as nuclear weapons or superintelligentAIwhere even a single m
8、istake is unacceptable and we need to get things right the first time. 1. How do many people feel about leadingAI researchers predictions? A. Worried.B. Curious.C. Doubtful.D. Disappointed. 2. What does the author think of intelligence? A. We know little about it.B. It belongs to human beings. C. It
9、 is too difficult to understand.D. We have nothing more to discover. 3. What does the underlined word “upside” in Paragraph 4 probably mean? A. Cost.B. Risk.C. Quantity.D.Advantage. 4. Whats important for us in the race between people and technology? A. Learning from failure.B. Increasing our intell
10、igence. C.Avoiding making mistakes.D. Being more optimistic. 【答案】1. C2.A3. D4. C 【解析】 【分析】本文一篇说明文。作者是一个物理学家和人工智能研究者，他向我们阐述 了我们对人工智能发展的误解及人工智能的优势。 【1 题详解】 推理判断题。根据第二段 The reason why many regard this as science fiction is that weve traditionally thought of intelligence as something mysterious that can
11、 only exist in biological organisms, especially humans. But such an idea is unscientific.人们认为这只 存在在科幻小说当中，可以推断，人们对人工智能的研究者们的预测是怀疑的。故 选 C。 【2 题详解】 推理判断题。根据第三段的 This suggests that weve only seen the tip of the intelligence iceberg and that there is an amazing potential to unlock the full intelligence
12、that is potential in nature and use it to help humanity.可知， 作者认为我们对人工智能的了解只 是冰山一角，从而推断出我们对此知之甚少。故选 A。 3 【3 题详解】 词 义 猜 测 题 。 根 据 Since everything we love about civilization is the product of intelligence, amplifying (扩大) our own intelligence with AI has the potential to solve tomorrows toughest probl
13、ems.及所举的事例和下文提及的是人工智能的各种优点， 可 知，此句是本段的中心句，句意为“如果我们做对了，好处是巨大的。”从而可推 测出 upside 意思是“优势，好处”。故选 D。 【4 题详解】 推 理 判 断 题 。 根 据 最 后 一 段 的 However, its an awful idea for more powerful technologies, such as nuclear weapons or superintelligent AI where even a single mistake is unacceptable and we need to get thi
14、ngs right the first time. 可知，对于一些高 科技我们一次错误也不能犯，第一次就要把它做对，由此可推断出，在人和科技的 竞赛中，最重要的事情是避免犯错。故选 C。 【点睛】阅读理解通常都会出现词义猜测题，要求考生从上下文理解中概括出生词 或短语的词义。考生作此类题型时，首先要找到所猜测词所在文章的位置，然后在 理解文章大意的基础之上，对此词前后句反复研读，最后根据前后句猜测出词义。 例如小题 3 要求猜测出 upside 的含义，就是根据 Since everything we love about civilization is the product of inte
15、lligence, amplifying (扩大) our own intelligence with AI has the potential to solve tomorrows toughest problems. 及所举的事例和下文提及的是 人工智能的各种优点，可知，此句是本段的中心句，句意为“如果我们做对了，好 处是巨大的。”从而可推测出 upside 意思是“优势，好处”。 .七选五七选五 Thanks to Earth, we have fresh air to breathe, clean water to drink and warm sunshine to enjoy. B
16、ut it seems that we may have taken these things for granted and not realized that our planet is getting “sick”. _5_ More than 15,000 scientists around the world have written a letter to warn about environmental challenges. Among those environmental challenges, climate change sits at the top. Global
17、average temperatures have risen by more than 0.5 since 1992. _6_ It means that heat waves would last around a third longer and rainstorms would be about a third more violent if we take no action. The increase in sea levels would also be much higher. Countries like Singapore and Tokyo that are at low
18、 altitudes (海拔) may be covered by 4 the ocean in the future. _7_ Its getting harder to get fresh water. Ocean pollution has become serious. Since 1992, the human population has grown by 2 billion, while the populations of all other animals have dropped by nearly 30 percent. Scientists say that we ar
19、e experiencing the sixth mass extinction (物种大灭绝) in history. More than two-thirds of the worlds wildlife could be gone by the end of the decade if action isnt taken soon. _8_ However, we have made some progress by making the hole in the ozone (臭氧) layer smaller. Thats because we gradually stopped us
20、ing chemicals that can break down ozone, a gas that protects Earth. _9_ A. Ahalf-degree temperature rise is a big deal. B. But this is not the only problem people are facing. C. In fact, scientists have recently given us a warning. D. Scientists also point out that global warming will continue for c
21、enturies. E. All the countries in the world should take action on behalf of future generations. F. TheAmur leopard and cross river gorilla are some of the most endangered animals. G. This progress shows that we can make positive changes when we act, the letter says. 【答案】5. C6.A7. B8. F9. G 【解析】 【分析】
22、这是一篇说明文。我们赖以生存的地球生病了，科学家警告我们环境污染 带来的威胁。主要的环境污染有气候变暖及水污染等，文章还陈述了这些变化会对 我们的生活造成什么样的影响。 【5 题详解】 C. In fact, scientists have recently given us a warning. （事实上， 科学家最近已经给了我 们警告）与下文 More than 15,000 scientists around the world have written a letter to warn about environmental challenges.（全世界超过 1 万 5 千个科学家已
23、经写了一封信 来警告环境问题）承接自然，两句讲述的话题一致，且前后句中的 scientists 和 warn 是原词复现，故选 C 项。 【6 题详解】 5 前文 Global average temperatures have risen by more than 0.5 since 1992.(自 1992 年 起，全球平均温度已经增加了超过 0.5 摄氏度)与 A.Ahalf-degree temperature rise is a big deal.（0.5 摄氏度的上升已经很多了）符合语境，承接自然，这两句都陈述气温 上升，且 0.5和 Ahalf-degree temperatur
24、e 是原词复现，故选 A 项。 【7 题详解】 B. But this is not the only problem people are facing.（但这并不是人类所面临的唯一问 题）与上文 Countries like Singapore and Tokyo that are at low altitudes (海拔) may be covered by the ocean in the future.（像新加坡和日本那样的位于低海拔的国家将来可 能被海洋吞没）和下文 Its getting harder to get fresh water.（获取淡水变得更困难） 承接自然，选项在
25、此处起到承接上文，开启下文的作用，故选 B 项。 【8 题详解】 上文 More than two-thirds of the worlds wildlife could be gone by the end of the decade if action isnt taken soon.（如果不快速采取措施，将会有三分之二的野生动物在十年 内消失）与 F. The Amur leopard and cross river gorilla are some of the most endangered animals.（远东豹和克罗斯河大猩猩是一些最濒危的物种）承接自然，选项是对上文 内容的举
26、例说明，且 be gone 和 endangered 是同义词复现，故选 F 项。 【9 题详解】 上文 However, we have made some progress by making the hole in the ozone (臭氧) layer smaller. Thats because we gradually stopped using chemicals that can break down ozone, a gas that protects Earth.（然而，通过让臭氧层的洞变小我们已经取得了一些 进步，那是因为我们逐渐停止了能破坏臭氧的化学物质，臭氧是一种可
27、以保护地球 的气体）与 G. This progress shows that we can make positive changes when we act, the letter says.（这个进步表明了我们在行动时可以做出积极的改变）承接自然，选项中 的 this progress 就是前文所提到的 making the hole in the ozone (臭氧) layer smaller， 且 progress 是原词复现，故选 G 项。 .读后续写读后续写 10. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的 短文。续写的词数应为 150 左右。 La
28、st year at Christmas time, my wife, three children and I were on our way from Paris to Nice. Somehow everything went wrong. Our hotels were “tourist traps” and our 6 rented car broke down. On Christmas Eve, when we checked into a dirty hotel in Nice, there was no Christmas spirit in our hearts. It w
29、as raining and cold when we went out to eat. We found a small restaurant poorly decorated for the holiday. Only five tables in the restaurant were taken. There were two German couples, two French families, and anAmerican sailor, by himself. They were eating in stony silence except the sailor. He was
30、 writing a letter, and a half-smile lighted his face. In the corner a piano player was listlessly (无精打采地) playing Christmas music. All of us were interrupted by an old French flower woman through the front door. She had a worn overcoat and her old shoes were wet. Carrying her basket of flowers, she
31、went from one table to another. No one bought any. Exhausted and frustrated, she sat down at a table. The sailor finished his meal and got up to leave. Putting on his coat, he walked over to the flower womans table. “Merry Christmas,” he said, smiling and picking out a handful of flowers. “How much
32、are they?” “Two francs, sir.” The sailor put a twenty franc note in the womans hand. “I dont have change, sir,” she said. “Ill get some from the waiter.” “No, maam,” said the sailor, leaning over and kissing the ancient cheek. “This is my Christmas present for you.” 注意：1所续写短文的词数应为 150 左右； 2续写部分分为两段，
33、每段的开头语已为你写好； Paragraph 1： Then the sailor headed for our table with the flowers in his hand. _ _ _ _ Paragraph 2： The piano player came alive and pleasant music filled the whole room. 7 _ _ _ _ 【答案】Paragraph 1: Then the sailor headed for our table with the flowers in his hand. He picked out a red fl
34、ower and placed it on our table. “Merry Christmas!” he greeted us in a cheerful voice. Before we could say “ Thank you”, he went to other tables. In an instant, everyone in the room was presented with flowers, including the waiter and the piano player. In the bright light, the flowers were glowing i
35、n full bloom. These magical flowers melted our frustrated hearts and blew away all the unpleasant moods. Paragraph 2: The piano player came alive and pleasant music filled the whole room.Afestival atmosphere drowned all of us. We merrily danced to the joyful music, singing, laughing and wishing each
36、 other good luck. The old flower woman also joined us, unable to conceal her excitement and gratitude. The spirit of Christmas came back to us again. It brought all of us together in this small restaurant on a foreign land.All this was due to a youngAmerican sailor, who, through his kindness and gen
37、erosity, brightened our paths. 【解析】 【分析】本篇书面表达是读后续写。 【详解】通过阅读所给文章可知，去年圣诞节期间作者一家从巴黎前往尼斯，但是 包括旅馆、汽车在内的一切都出现状况，令大家没了圣诞精神。出去吃饭的时候， 又找了一家装修得很差的小餐馆。餐厅里除了水手以外，其他人都沉默不语，连钢 琴师都没有精神。这时水手去买了卖花老太婆的花。 续写部分分为两段，第一段开头是：然后，那个水手手里拿着花朝我们的桌子走来， 所以应该写水手把一朵花给了我们桌，也给了其他桌的客人，包括钢琴师和侍者。 这些花发挥了强大的作用，驱散了大家不愉快的心情等。第二段开头是：钢琴演奏
38、者活跃起来，整个房间充满了美妙的音乐。本段应该写餐厅里的人都恢复了愉快的 心情庆祝圣诞节，大家跟着欢快的音乐跳舞，唱歌，大笑，互相祝福好运。是水手 的善良感染了大家。 8 续写时要求所续写短文的词数应为 150 左右，按要求完成写作任务。 【点睛】本文描写详略得当，使用了高级词汇和高级句子。如：be presented with， blow away， come back to 等高级词汇； In an instant, everyone in the room was presented with flowers, including the waiter and the piano player.使用了现在分词作状语；All this was due to a youngAmerican sailor, who, through his kindness and generosity, brightened our paths.使用了非限制性定语从句等高级句式。 9
