1、UNIT 4ADVERSITY AND COURAGEPart 1Reading and Thinking基础知识过关.单词拼写1.Were going to have European style(橱柜)in the bedrooms.2.To our relief, none of the passengers and(全体工作人员) were injured afterthe incident.3.Planes dropped food, clothing,(毯子), medicine, and water into themountainous border region.4.With
2、 her head teachers(真诚的) help, she makes up her mind to takebiology, history, and politics as her selected subjects.5.The real(工资)of the average worker has increased by a factor(数量,倍数)of over three in the last two decades.6.With the classrooms air-conditioned, we no longer hate studying during the(严寒
3、的)winter.7.He is famous for having made three great(航行) around the world.8.In the swimming class, we carefully imitated the movements taught by the teacher,and soon mastered the essentials of not letting the body(下沉) in the water.选词填空turn down;set off;well and truly1.I wasashamed when I realized wha
4、t I had done hurt her so much.2.They are all great offers from large companies, and I couldntany ofthem.3.If you want to catch that train we had betterfor the stationimmediately.单句语法填空1.Please take away all your(belong) when you leave the room.2.At last, the lawyers advice led to the(resolve) of thi
5、s difficult problem.3.As you can see, the children were really encouraged, and they were also enthusiasticreading all of these books.4.I couldnt help crying when I arrived at their wedding site. I was so(envy)of their happiness.5.As we all know, no one can casually succeed, and victory requires cour
6、age,diligence and(persevere).完成句子1.碰巧那封信还没有被寄走。the letter hadnt got posted.2.同学们如此激动以至于爆发出雷鸣般的掌声。were the studentsthey broke into thunderous applause.3.如果没有母亲的大力支持和真诚鼓励,顾炎武是不可能取得那么快的进步的。Gu Yanwuwithout the generous supportand genuine encouragement from his mother.课文语法填空As a young man full of both pa
7、ssion and endurance, Perce Blackborow had longbeen dreaming of a wonderful adventure, so he didnt give up when Sir ErnestShackleton turned down his request to join the expedition. Perce1(secret) hidhimself in a cupboard, only2(find) three days after they set off. He feltfortunate and happy when he3(
8、assign) as a steward instead of being sent backhome.It turned4to be a tough journey. The ship got5(stick) in the ice asthey approached Antarctica and they had to abandon the ship.6the guidance ofSir Ernest, they7(throw) away nearly everything except necessities and a banjo,8kept their spirits up dur
9、ing the journey. Survival was not easy and things wentfrom bad to worse. Finally Sir Ernest left for South Georgia Island in order to findhelp. The desperate situation made young Perce Blackborow feel down and becomebad-tempered. It was the genuine9(encourage) and concern from Bless FrankWild that c
10、heered him up. Frank and Ernests resolve and perseverance filled him withhope. Realizing that he shouldnt become selfish just because of10adversitythey were faced with, he learned to be optimistic and determined.1.2.3.4.5.6.7.8.9.10.能力提升训练.阅读理解A(2021 安徽师范大学附属中学高二期中检测)The great 18th-century author Mo
11、ntesquieu once put it, “I have never known anystress that an hours reading does not reduce.” And now many argue for a return tothis view of literature as therapy, even using the word “bibliotherapy(阅读疗法)” todescribe it.So what does literature provide, beyond entertainment? It can act as a guide.Thos
12、e who show great respect for Shakespeare, Milton or Proust should keep in mindthat even the most famous author was still a human being. In other words, greatwriters have been through the same things as you. Like you, they found themselves inthis strange world and they tried to make sense of it.And t
13、his is what most literatureconsists of: people trying to make sense of the world.No matter what your fears or concerns may be,chances are that some great writerhas written about them. Before seeking(寻求)suggestions, either from a professionalor a well-read friend, be clear about what is troubling you
14、. For example, lets say youwere raised in a religious (信仰宗教的)family but now, in later life, you have lostyour faith (信仰).This is miserable to you and you feel empty and alone.Countlesswriters have gone down this path before you and have found a way outthe Germanpoet and novelist Hermann Hesse, for e
15、xample, wrote the wonderful little novelSiddhartha about this search for spiritual peace.It would also help to consider your particular life stage. Someone from a poorbackground about to set off for a great college will want a different set of readingfrom a retired woman whose husband has died. To t
16、ake another example, lets imagineyou had a childhood of abuse (虐待). For years you have suffered from bitterdepression. In that case, you could try Edward St Aubyns The Patrick Melrose Novels.Aubyns father abused him, while his mother escaped into drink, but Aubyn wrote aseries of splendid novels bas
17、ed on his life, charting a mans journey through the hardsituation of abuse and out the other end.1.Why does the author quote Montesquieu?A.To stress the effect of bibliotherapy.B.To explain what bibliotherapy means.C.To tell us when bibliotherapy came into being.D.To argue for the use of literature
18、as therapy.2.What should you do before seeking suggestions on your book list?A.Find out which writer has written about your problem.B.Know what authors have gone through.C.Find out how to seek spiritual peace.D.Know what your trouble is.3.What can we infer from the last paragraph?A.Aubyns novels sui
19、t people who have retired.B.Aubyns novels are mainly read by young readers.C.People should choose novels according to their interest.D.People of different ages need different works of literature.4.What is the text mainly about?A.What novels best suit you.B.A form of therapy: literature.C.The great i
20、nfluence of literature.D.The experiences of great writers.BBorn blind is miserable in any case. But things were even harder for SrikanthBolla who was born in a small village in India, where the common belief was thatkids with disabilities were “of no use” and therefore, better off dead. Fortunately,
21、Srikanths parents loved their son and refused to give him up. Instead, theyencouraged the blind boy to dream big and reach for the stars.Srikanth did not disappoint his parents. The now twenty-four-year-old man is thefounder and CEO of Bollant Industries.Of course, getting here was not easy. Being b
22、oth blind and poor meant thatSrikanth had to face hard challenges. As a young boy, Srikanth attended a regularschool near his home. Unfortunately, the students and teachers didnt quite like himbecause of his disability. As a result, the young boy was largely ignored and oftenspent the entire day alo
23、ne.Concerned this would hold back Srikanths development, his family decided tosend him to a special school in Hyderabad. Sure enough, the young boy soon rose tothe top of his class, earning awards in speech and debate competitions. But Srikanthwas prevented from studying science when he reached 10th
24、 grade, because it wasthought too “dangerous” for a blind student. Not wanting to give up, Srikanth tooklegal action and became the first blind student in the country allowed to study science.Later, after graduating from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Srikanthset up Bollant Industries in
25、 2012. For just four years, it has become a powerhousewith over 450 employees,70% of whom are physically challenged.Being disabled doesnt mean being unable. “If the world looks at me and says,Srikanth, you can do nothing, I will look back at the world and say I can doanything,” says the young man.5.
26、Why was Srikanth sent to a special school?A.His parents became richer than before.B.He could be treated equally there.C.This school was free for disabled students.D.He was sent away by the regular school.6.What can we know about Srikanth from the text?A.He was born in a poor village.B.He cared about
27、 disabled people.C.His parents were strict with him in his study.D.He was loved by the villagers when he was young.7.What words can best describe Srikanth?A.Intelligent and determined.B.Active and honest.C.Patient and careful.D.Kind but stubborn.8.What can be the best title for the text?A.Chances Ar
28、e EverywhereB.No Challenges, No SuccessC.A Big Dream Makes a DifferenceD.Disability Doesnt Mean Being Unable.七选五(2021 广西南宁三中高二段考)Do you like traveling by bike? Even if you are an expert cyclist, deciding totravel by bike on an adventure will demand thorough preparation and research. Hereare some tip
29、s for you.Whether you have the best mountain bike under $300 or the best mountain bikeunder $200, safety is more important.1Confirm your helmet is all set. If you areplanning to ride in the night, have a light fixed on your helmet or on your bike. Makesure it gives off enough light for other cyclist
30、s and drivers to clearly see you.2This will help you rule out some of the doubts you could be having on safety.If you are planning an expedition with your bike, at least, be sure that you knowhow to change the tire in case of a flat. Also, you have to know how to adjust yourbrakes accordingly. Knowi
31、ng how to replace a slipped chain is just as important.3Most importantly, bring your phone, a backup phone battery or portable chargerand an ID card with you. If an accident happens, you might need to contact a friend orfamily for help.4Its also important to set aside some money for an emergencythat
32、 you can easily access.5You surely dont wish to get worn out, so pack healthy snacks to keep youenergetic all through. Also dont forget to carry enough water in case you feel thirsty.Besides, pack appropriate clothing. It helps to check the weather forecast first to knowthe kind of dress youll need.
33、A.Go over your map carefully.B.Take your bike for a long-distance test-ride.C.You need to feel as safe as possible with your bike.D.Push yourself a bit further if you regularly exercise.E.Remember to bring appropriate tools with you for such problems.F.Cycling demands much energy especially for a lo
34、ng distance.G.And an identification card will help to identify you just in case.1.2.3.4.5.参考答案与解析参考答案与解析基础知识过关.1.cupboards2.crew3.blankets4.genuine5.wage6.bitter7.voyages8.sink.1.well and truly2.turn down3.set off.1.belongings考查名词。句意:离开房间时请带走你所有的财物。 belongings意为“财物,动产”。2.resolution考查名词。句意:最后,律师的建议使这
35、个难题得到了解决。由空前的定冠词 the 和空后的 of 可知此处应该使用名词形式,表示“(问题、分歧等的)解决,消除”,故填 resolution。3.about考查固定搭配。句意:正如你所见,孩子们真的受到了鼓舞,他们对阅读所有这些书的热情也很高。be enthusiastic about doing sth.对做某事有热情。故填about。4.envious考查形容词。句意:当我到达他们的婚礼现场时,我忍不住哭了。我真羡慕他们的幸福。由设空处前的 was 可知此处应用形容词。故填 envious。5.perseverance考查名词。句意:众所周知,没有人能随随便便成功,成功需要勇气、勤
36、奋和毅力。 由空前的并列名词courage和diligence可知空处应该使用名词形式。故填 perseverance。.1.It happened that2.So excited;that3.wouldnt have made that rapid progress.1.secretly考查副词。 此处修饰动词 hid,所以要用副词形式,secretly 意为“偷偷地”。2.to be found考查动词不定式。此处包含短语 only to do.,意为“结果却”,find 与其逻辑主语 Perce 之间是被动关系,所以用被动形式。3.was assigned考查动词的时态和语态。此处指他
37、被指派担任一名服务员。由语境可知此处应用一般过去时,he 与 assign 之间为被动关系。故填 was assigned。4.out考查固定短语。句意:结果证明这是一次艰难的旅程。turn out 结果是,原来是。5.stuck考查过去分词。此处指船被冻在冰里,不能动,get/become/be stuck 意为“被卡住,陷入”。6.Under考查介词。under the guidance of.在的指导下。7.threw考查动词时态。故事发生在过去,且由句中的 kept 可知设空处应该使用一般过去时。8.which考查定语从句。设空处引导非限制性定语从句,先行词为 banjo,意为“班卓琴
38、”,关系词在定语从句中作主语。非限制性定语从句不能用 that 引导。故填which。9.encouragement考查名词。句意:是 Bless Frank Wild 真诚的鼓励和关心使他振奋起来的。 本句是强调句,强调主语部分 the genuine9and concern from BlessFrank Wild,设空处和其后的名词concern为并列成分,所以用名词encouragement。10.the考查冠词。由语境可知,此处表示“他们面对的逆境”,表示特指,故用定冠词 the。能力提升训练.A语篇解读这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一种治疗方式:阅读疗法,其指的是人们可以根据自己的情况
39、和需求通过阅读来对生活中所遭受的不幸或痛苦进行思想和心理上的治疗以减轻压力,积极面对生活。1.A推理判断题。根据第一段中的“The great 18th-century author Montesquieuonce put it, I have never known any stress that an hours reading does not reduce.(18世纪伟大的作家孟德斯鸠曾经说过:我从来都不知道有任何压力是一小时的阅读减轻不了的。)”可知孟德斯鸠对阅读减轻压力持非常肯定和积极的态度,由此可推知作者在第一段引用孟德斯鸠的话是为了强调“阅读疗法”的效果,故选 A 项。2.D细
40、节理解题。根据第三段中的“Before seeking (寻求)suggestions, either froma professional or a well-read friend, be clear about what is troubling you.(在向专业人士或博学的朋友寻求建议之前,先弄清楚困扰你的是什么。 )”可知在寻求建议之前要先知道自己的困扰是什么,故选 D 项。3.D推理判断题。 根据最后一段中的“It would also help to consider your particularlife stage.Someone from a poor backgroun
41、d about to set off for a great college willwant a different set of reading from a retired woman whose husband has died.(考虑一下你的特定人生阶段也会有所帮助。一个家境贫寒、即将进入一所好大学的人想要的一套阅读材料会和一位丈夫去世的退休妇女不同。 )”可知,不同年龄段的人需要的文学作品也不一样。故选 D 项。Aubyn 的小说是适合退休的人还是其主要读者是年轻人我们无从得知;最后一段没有提到人们的兴趣。所以其他三项可以排除。4.B主旨大意题。第一段中的“And now many
42、 argue for a return to this view ofliterature as therapy, even using the word bibliotherapy(阅读疗法) to describe it.(现在,许多人主张回归文学作为一种疗法的观点,甚至使用阅读疗法这个词来描述它。)”点出了文章的主题“阅读疗法”。结合全文介绍阅读疗法的概念和作用以及阅读疗法应该选用的阅读材料等内容可知本文主要是在介绍一种治疗方式:文学。故选 B 项。注意 C 项“文学的巨大影响”所涉及的面太大,本文只是在说阅读对心理的治疗、对减轻压力的作用。B语篇解读本文是一篇记叙文。印度的 Srika
43、nth Bolla 先天性失明,但他的父母并没有放弃他,他立志求学,最终学业有成并创立了自己的公司。5.B推理判断题。根据第三段中的 Unfortunately, the students and teachers didntquite like him.alone.以及第四段第一句 Concerned this would.his family decidedto send him to a special school in Hyderabad.可知家人因为担心他在普通学校受到的冷落会影响他,所以决定送他去特殊学校,故可推测他在特殊学校可以受到平等对待,所以 B 项正确。 A 项和 C 项
44、所涉及的信息原文都没有提到;他转学是父母做的决定,而不是普通的学校把他撵走的,D 项错误。6.B推理判断题。根据第五段中的 70% of whom are physically challenged 可知Srikanth Bolla 很关心残疾人,故选择 B 项。他出生在一个贫穷的家庭,而不是贫穷的村庄,A 项错误;他父母对他的学习要求严格,原文没有涉及此信息,C 项错误;他小时候并没有受到村民们的喜爱,大家都认为残疾的小孩毫无用处,还不如死了,D项错误。7.A推理判断题。根据 Srikanth 求学的波折经历可知他意志坚定,根据 Srikanth在学业和商业上的成功可知他富有智慧,所以 A
45、项正确。8.D主旨大意题。根据文章讲述的 Srikanth 的励志经历和最后一段中的总结全篇的中心句 Being disabled doesnt mean being unable.可知 D 项是最佳标题。.语篇解读这是一篇说明文。骑自行车去冒险需要充分的准备和研究。文章主要就骑自行车旅行给出了一些建议。1.C根据上文“Whether you have the best mountain bike under $300 or the bestmountain bike under $200, safety is more important.(无论你有 300 美元以下最好的山地车,还是 20
46、0 美元以下最好的山地车,安全更重要)”以及下文“Confirm yourhelmet is all set.(确认你的头盔都准备好了)”可知,本段在强调安全问题。 故 C 选项“骑自行车时,你需要感到尽可能地安全”符合语境,故选 C。2.B根据下文“This will help you rule out some of the doubts you could be havingon safety.(这将帮助你排除你在安全方面可能存在的一些疑虑)”可推知,本句是在说明一种有助于排除安全方面疑虑的做法,结合上文说明的是自行车的安全准备问题,可推知本句是在说明准备就绪后的自行车试骑。 故 B 选
47、项“带你的自行车进行一次长途试骑”符合语境,故选 B。3.E根据上文“If you are planning an expedition with your bike, at least, be sure thatyou know how.is just as important.(如果你计划骑自行车旅行,至少要确保你知道在车胎瘪了的情况下如何换胎。此外,你必须知道如何相应地调整刹车。知道如何更换滑落的链条也同样重要)”可知,上文主要提到了一些自行车出现故障的情况,本句为本段最后一句,承接上文,说明解决这些故障的办法是要带工具,故 E 选项“记得带解决这类问题的合适的工具”符合语境,故选 E。
48、4.G根据上文“Most importantly, bring your phone.to contact a friend or familyfor help.(最重要的是,带上你的手机、 一块备用的手机电池或便携式充电器和身份证。如果发生意外,你可能需要联系朋友或家人寻求帮助)”可知,本段主要是在说明自行车骑行需要携带的一些重要物品,并说明了原因。 且上文中 an ID card 可与G 选项中 an identification card 相对应。 故 G 选项“以防万一,身份证会帮助确认你的身份”符合语境,故选 G。5.F根据下文“You surely dont wish to get worn out, so pack healthy snacks.incase you feel thirsty.(你肯定不希望自己累坏了,所以带些健康的零食,让自己始终精力充沛。此外,别忘了带足够的水,以防你感到口渴)”可知,下文说的是骑车需要及时补充能量,因为骑自行车需要消耗很多体力,且下文中 energetic 与 F 选项中energy 相对应。故 F 选项“骑自行车需要很多体力,尤其是长途骑车”符合语境,故选 F。
