1、Grammar：过去分词作定语和表语内容索引INDEXGrammarThe Past Participle as the Attribute and Predicative1. 1. 过去分词过去分词作定语作定语2. 2. 过去分词过去分词作表语作表语3. 3. 过去分词过去分词作定语表语与作定语表语与现在分词现在分词作定语表语的作定语表语的区别区别语 法 导 学感悟规律 重点难点剖析PART 1语法精析一、过去分词作定语一、过去分词作定语1.1.意义：意义：及物动词的过去分词及物动词的过去分词作定语作定语往往表示往往表示被动和完成被动和完成； 不及物动词的过去分词不及物动词的过去分词作定语作
2、定语不表示被动，只表示不表示被动，只表示完成完成。a polluted river the watered flowers 表示被动和完成表示被动和完成fallen leaves the risen sun 只表示完成，不表示被动只表示完成，不表示被动一条被污染的河流一条被污染的河流浇过水的花浇过水的花落叶落叶升起的太阳升起的太阳2.2.位置位置：单个的过去分词单个的过去分词作定语时，通常放在被修饰词的前面；作定语时，通常放在被修饰词的前面； 过去分词短语过去分词短语作定语时，通常放在被修饰词的后面，其作用相当作定语时，通常放在被修饰词的后面，其作用相当 于一个定语从句。于一个定语从句。The
3、 student dressed in white is my daughter.The student who is dressed in white is my daughter.二、二、过去分词作定语和现在分词作定语的过去分词作定语和现在分词作定语的区别区别 1) The question discussed was very important.2) The man standing at the corner of the street was my friend. the changing world the changed world boiling water boiled w
4、ater developing country developed country 变化着的世界变化着的世界 改变了的世界改变了的世界沸腾的水沸腾的水开水开水发展中国家发展中国家发达国家发达国家过去分词过去分词表示表示被动，完成被动，完成 现在分词现在分词表示表示主动，进行主动，进行三、过去分词作表语三、过去分词作表语1.1.意义意义：用在系动词后面，构成系表结构，表示：用在系动词后面，构成系表结构，表示主语所处的状态主语所处的状态。She looked disappointed.We were encouraged at the news. 2.2.感觉类感觉类及物动词的及物动词的现在分词现
5、在分词与与过去分词过去分词作表语的区别作表语的区别英语中有很多与英语中有很多与感觉有关感觉有关的及物动词，其现在分词的及物动词，其现在分词( (即即V-ingV-ing) )表示表示主动意义主动意义，即，即“令人有某种感觉的令人有某种感觉的”，多用来修饰物多用来修饰物；其过去分词其过去分词( (即即V-edV-ed) )含有被动意义，即含有被动意义，即“人被引起某种感觉的人被引起某种感觉的”，多用来指，多用来指人、人、人的声音、笑容或表情人的声音、笑容或表情等。常用的这类词有：等。常用的这类词有：surprising 令人令人吃惊的吃惊的surprised 感到感到吃惊的吃惊的discoura
6、ging 令人令人泄气的泄气的discouraged 泄气的泄气的1) We were surprised at what he said at the meeting.2) His words were discouraging，which made many people discouraged.3) The frightened look on her face suggested that she was frightened by the frightening scene. 返 回 3 3. .过去分词作表语与被动语态结构的区别过去分词作表语与被动语态结构的区别过去分词作表语过去分
7、词作表语表示表示主语所处的状态主语所处的状态，被动语态结构被动语态结构强调强调主语所承受的动作主语所承受的动作。 The book is well written. The book was written by a soldier. 这这本书写得好。本书写得好。这这本书是由一位士兵写的本书是由一位士兵写的。四、拓展四、拓展 形式形式意思意思done: 过去分词过去分词被被 being done: 现在分词的被动语态现在分词的被动语态正在被正在被 to be done: to do不定式的被动语态不定式的被动语态 将被将被The building built last year is our
8、classroom building. 去年建的去年建的The building being built now is our classroom building. 正在被建的正在被建的The building to be built next month is our classroom building. 下个月下个月将要建的将要建的达 标 检 测PART 2当堂检测 基础达标演练1.When I entered his room，he was (bury) in his books.2.Some of the people (invite) to the party couldnt c
9、ome.3.The park was full of people (enjoy) themselves in the sunshine.4.He was (discourage) when he heard his mothers words.5.The cars (sell) at the market now are made in Guangzhou.6.Tsinghua University， (found) in 1911，is home to a great number of outstanding figures.单句语法填空buriedinvitedenjoyingdisc
10、ouragedbeing soldfounded7.The expression on his face showed that the question was .(puzzle)8.The museum， (locate) next to the Wuzhen scenic spot，covers an area of 5,000 square meters.9.The airport (complete)last month will help promote tourism in this area.10.The cart got (stick) in the mud，but the
11、farmer made no effort to get it out.puzzledpuzzlinglocatedcompletedstuckStudents may notice that there are more monitoring(监视的监视的) cameras 11. (set) up by schools on campus.With stairs，hallways，gates，classrooms，dormitories 12. (equip) with more and more cameras，it seems that they are almost everywhe
12、re.语法填空set解析解析考查非谓语动词。考查非谓语动词。cameras与与set up之间为被动关系，故用过去分词作之间为被动关系，故用过去分词作后置定语。后置定语。解析解析考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，此处是with复合结构。stairs，hallways，gates，classrooms，dormitories与equip之间为被动关系，故用过去分词作宾补。equipped语篇解读语篇解读本文本文主要谈论了在学校各个角落安装上摄像头后学生们的看法。主要谈论了在学校各个角落安装上摄像头后学生们的看法。Most students have 13. (mix) opinions abou
13、t the change.On the one hand，they think theyre safer on campus.Just think：there are so many cameras 14. (work) day and night，and who would dare to break into schools？All images 15. (record) are sent to the operation room.解析解析考查词性转换。分析句子结构可知，此处用mixed修饰opinions，意为“混杂的，复杂的”。解析解析考查非谓语动词。cameras与work之间为主
14、动关系，故用现在分词作定语。mixedworkingrecorded解析解析考查非谓语动词。images与record之间为被动关系，故用过去分词作定语。On the other hand，students think the cameras are spying on them as well.They think they arent free 16. (say) or do what they want.The cameras remind them they have to behave themselves，which makes them unhappy.They want the
15、ir freedom and privacy.But at least our security is guaranteed.Also，we dont have to worry about our personal property.17. is said，freedom is not something given to you，but something you have to fight 18. .to sayAsfor解析解析考查非谓语动词。be free to do sth. 自由地做某事，任意做某事。解析解析考查固定结构。as is said俗话说，此处as引导非限制性定语从句，
16、置于句首。解析解析考查介词。fight for 为奋斗。Giving some of my freedom in exchange for safety is 19. fair trade.If the cameras are watching what I am doing，let them watch！Although they can monitor 20. I do，they can never get into my mind and know what I am thinking about.返 回解析解析考查冠词。a fair trade 一个公平的交易。此处表示泛指，要用a。解析解析考查名词性从句连接词。空处引导宾语从句，且在从句中作宾语，故填what。awhat
