1、Unit 5-单元提优测试卷单元提优测试卷时间：100 分钟满分：120 分选择题部分第二部分第二部分阅读理解阅读理解(共两节，满分共两节，满分 40 分分)第一节(共 15 小题；每小题 2 分，满分 30 分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C 和 D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项。AIts not every day that United States history mixes with microbes(微生物) in thesoil.But when the grassland on the National Mall in Washington,D.C.was replaced
2、,itoffered scientists the opportunity to study changes in the soil beneath.The work focused on the bacteria present in the soil.To the researcherssurprise,the communities of microbes did not change a lot before and after thereplacement.These communities in the soil are known as the soil microbiome(微
3、生物群).“My lab is interested in how microbes can move around in the environment,andhow they change and adapt as a result of this movement,” explains Jo AnneCrouch,the lead author of the study.“We thought that the new imported turf(草皮)from New Jersey would introduce different communities of bacteria to
4、 the NationalMall.However,we found that they werent significantly different.”Crouchs work focused on turf grass,defined as a large area of green grass.It ismade up of the grass,its roots,and the soil and microbes found with them.Think of the soil microbiome as similar to the collection of microbes f
5、ound in thehuman body.When the microbes are out of balance,it can make someone sick.Crouchsays its the same for the soil microbiome.Many of the worst diseases in crops or otherenvironments are linked with changes in the soil microbiome.Additionally,Crouch says that even though the changes between th
6、e soils weresmall,scientists are also starting to appreciate that sometimes a really importantmicrobe is a rare one.This means it would be hard to observe but could greatly affecthow the groups function as a whole.“Agricultural areas and other natural spaces arehighly and easily hurt by negative cha
7、nges,” she says.“Microbiomes offer an almostentirely new opportunity to influence interactions among plants and microbes toimprove plant productivity and health.”1.Why did the researchers feel surprised when they focused on the bacteria in thesoil?A.More bacteria appeared in the soil.B.Microbes were
8、 replaced obviously.C.Soil microbiome almost remained stable.D.The soil microbiomes damaged the environment.2.By studying the turf grass,what did Crouch and her team find?A.Microbes grew faster in their own community.B.Soil microbiomes were different in different places.C.Turf grass adapted to the e
9、nvironment nearby very soon.D.Similar communities of bacteria were brought by turf grass.3.Why did the author mention the microbes in the human body?A.To indicate the two play a similar role.B.To prove they are both the causes of diseases.C.To examine the environments people live in.D.To analyze the
10、 changes of human microbes.4.What does Crouch mean in the last paragraph?A.Microbes are still as hard to observe as before.B.Studies on microbiomes can be beneficial to agriculture.C.Scientists are still puzzled about the effect of microbiomes.D.Too many microbiomes in the soil mean no harm to plant
11、s.BHow cool can libraries be in an era(时代)of iPods and Kindles?More than youthink.Only if you know where to go.Central Library:Seattle,Washington,United StatesThe Central Library in Seattle is modern and fashionable and has tourists fromaround the world paying visits and taking tours.It was designed
12、 by Dutch architectRem Koolhaas and American designer Joshua Prince-Ramus.Tours began in 2006,twoyears after its opening.The library holds various art exhibitions,book signings andother events,while visitors can stop by the chocolati cart for a coffee and scan throughthe gift shop anytime.Trinity Co
13、llege Library:Dublin IrelandThe Trinity College Library in Dublin is the oldest library in Ireland,founded in1592 by Queen Elizabeth I.It is the largest single library in the world,also known asthe Long Room,which contains more than 200,000 of the librarys oldest books.TheLong Room houses one of the
14、 oldest harps( 竖 琴 ) in Ireland.Dating to the 15thcentury,the old harp is the model for the symbol of Ireland.Geisel Library:University of California,San Diego,United StatesAt first glance,it looks like a spaceship.Architect William Pereira,who helpeddesign actual space launch facilities at Cape Can
15、averal in Houston,Texas,designed thelibrary in 1970.It has been featured in sci-fi films,short stories and novels.The libraryhosts“Dinner in the Library,”which invites readers for cocktails,and also a specialspeech from well-known authors.Bishan Public Library:SingaporeLocated in the heart of Bishan
16、,the award-winning Bishan Community Libraryspans 4,000 square meters.It was designed to look like a tree house.The colorfulpods( 吊舱)that stick out of one side of the building represent books sticking from abookshelf.Inside the library,these pods offer private spaces for reading.Its ceiling-highglass
17、 windows also make it fun to watch people walking and reading from inside thebuilding.5.If you want to enjoy a movie,you can go to.A.Central LibraryB.Geisel LibraryC Bishan Public LibraryD.Trinity College Library6.What makes Bishan Public Library different from the others?A.It has very large glass w
18、indows.B.It has ever won a prize for its size.C.Queen Elizabeth I founded the library.D.It is the largest single library in the world.7.What is the authors purpose in writing this passage?A.To encourage readers to visit these libraries.B.To make an advertisement about these libraries.C.To offer some
19、 information about these libraries.D.To tell readers the importance of visiting libraries.CThe climate change has become an issue that no one can escape from.If theworld wants to limit climate change,water shortage and pollution,then we all need tochoose “flexitarian (弹性素食)” diets,say scientists.Thi
20、s means eating mainly plant-based food,which is one of three key stepstowards a sustainable future for all in 2050,they say.Food waste will need to be halvedand farming practices will also have to improve,according to the study.Withoutaction,the impacts of the food system could increase by up to 90%
21、.Fast on the heels ofthe landmark report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) comesthis new study on how food production and consumption impact major threats to theplanet.The authors say that the food system has a number of significant environmentalimpacts including being a major
22、driver of climate change,providing freshwater andreducing pollution through over use of nitrogen (氮) and phosphorus (磷).The study says that thanks to the population and income growth expectedbetween 2010 and 2050,these impacts could grow between 50%-90%.This could pushour world beyond its geographic
23、 boundaries.So when it comes to climate change,theauthors looked at what they called a “flexitarian diet”.“We can eat a range of healthy diets but what they all have in common,accordingto the latest scientific evidence,is that they are all relatively plant-based,” said leadauthor Dr Marco Springmann
24、 from the University of Oxford.“You can go from a diet that has small amounts of animal products;some mightcall it a Mediterranean-based diet;we call it a flexitarian diet.We tried to stay withthe most conservative one of these which in our view is the flexitarian one,but eventhis has only one servi
25、ng of red meat per week,” he added.If the world moved to this type of diet,the study found that greenhouse gasemissions (排放) from agriculture would be reduced by more than half.8.What will happen if the new diet is popular globally?A.The climate will become warmer.B.The food consumption will increas
26、e.C.People will have less greenhouse gas.D.People will produce more food waste.9.What is the attitude of the author to the new diet?A.Supportive.B.Doubtful.C.Opposed.D.Indifferent.10.What benefit will the new diet bring to the world?A.The animals will be saved.B.People will need more water.C.The cli
27、mate change will stop.D.The pollution will be controlled.11.What can be called a “flexitarian” diet?A.Eat animal products every meal.B.Eat plant-based vegetables every meal.C.Eat mainly vegetables and never eat animal products.D.Eat plant-based meal mainly and animal products sometimes.DI left Engla
28、nd for Sydney in September.It was a career move for my husband,andour20-year-olddaughterwasfeelingadventurousanddecidedtocome,too.However,just before leaving England,my 79-year-old mother suffered astroke(中风).Being strong and independent,she continues to live at home with thehelp of social services.
29、But she couldnt look after the garden.I thought how wonderfulit would be if there was an organisation offering volunteer help.Friends asked mewhat I planned to do in Australia,and I told them I would be looking for a volunteerposition with a gardening charitable organisation.Imagine my surprise when
30、 I foundjust the organisation I had been looking forEasy Care Gardening( ECG)!There are several reasons why I volunteer for ECG.Firstly,as a newcomer toAustralia I meet many great people who,like me,volunteer some of their time.Wecover a large age range,but all love gardens and helping others.Second
31、ly,through working with ECG I have been lucky enough to exploreSydneys North Shore that I might not have had the opportunity to visit otherwise.Finally,there are all those wonderful people we call “clients(客户)” but are morelike friends when we visit them often and tend their gardens.What great peopl
32、e I havemet,and the stories they have to tellthe family histories,where they come from andthe reasons for immigrating to Australia.I find it a privilege to have access to privategardens which,in many cases,have been the joy of their owners for many years.Eachone is individual and reflectsthe charact
33、er,needsand the history of eachfamily.Indeed,the gardens reflect the multicultural and historical background ofSydney.12.What made the author choose to be a gardening volunteer?A.The popularity of ECG.B.The tips of her friends.C.Her own experience.D.Her gardening skills.13.What do the volunteers at
34、ECG have in common?A.They make friends with their clients.B.They like to explore Sydneys North Shore.C.They are of similar ages and backgrounds.D.They are kind-hearted with the same interest.14.What does the underlined word “one” in Paragraph 4 refer to?A.Client.B.Garden.C.Reason.D.Joy.15.Why did th
35、e author move to Sydney?A.Her husband would work there.B.She planned to volunteer there.C.She was very keen on adventures.D.She had to look after her sick mother.第二节(共 5 小题；每小题 2 分，满分 10 分)根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Nowadays people tend to digitalise everything from watches to fridges.
36、It seemsyou can choose any item labeled as “smart”.1.However,there are plenty that canbe used to reduce emissions and save money.If youre a part of the digitalisation movement,you might be interested in theconcept of smart homes.It means that every element of your house can be controlledfrom a panel
37、 on the wall or your phone.2.Use your mobile to power them on oroff,and you may feel truly modern or truly lazy.Aside from the benefits of living amore comfortable life,this presents an opportunity to cut down on your electricalbills.Electricity generation today represents 31% of total global fossil
38、 fuel use andaround 40% of all energy-related CO2emissions.3It is considered as the firststep to prevent global climate change.Connect a smart thermometer to the heating andcooling system and set a specific temperature at which the heating begins towork.Doing so,the room will be at a desired tempera
39、ture when necessary and switcheson a power-saving mode when not occupied.Similarly,by installing a CO2sensor,youcan have an automated ventilation (通风) system.4.In a 150,000 m2office complex near Munich,called Campeon,energy costs of upto 117,067 Euro were saved after the use of environmental control
40、 devices this year.Inthis way,they are contributing to a large decrease in CO2emissions.Clearly,smarthomes are about much more than just living a comfortable life.5A.It is actually about living a green life.B.Smart devices have been installed worldwide nowadays.C.It starts working only when CO2conce
41、ntrations reach a certain limit.D.There seem to be an ocean of such so-called “smart” inventions.E.Bearingthis in mind,measuresshould be takento make buildingsmoreenergy-efficient.F.Alternative energy must be discovered before the fossil fuel runs out in the future.G.This includes basics such as hea
42、ting and lighting and many other appliances.第三部分第三部分语言运用语言运用(共共三三节，满分节，满分 40 分分)第一节完形填空(共 15 小题；每小题 2 分，满分 30 分)阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的 A、B、C 和 D 四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。My mom has been and will always be my biggest inspiration.She is a singleparent of eight,and I have no idea how she1.Throughout the years,my
43、 mom hasovercome many hardships which could easily2someone with little faith.Even when doctors questioned if my little sister Jessica would live to see the ageof 1,my mom never lost3.After countless visits to multiple doctors,my mom4to bring her home and make the best of my sisters life instead of r
44、eceiving thesame results from different hospitals.Jessicas numerous hospital visits definitely5her,but my mom nevershowed signs of6.Her strength helped Jessica through every7time.Nomatter how confused Jessica was,my mom always made her feel as if there wasabsolutely nothing to worry about,which enab
45、led Jessica to live the life of a8child.She attended a public school,went to parties to dance around excitedly.Weactually9that she was even sick.10,things began to take a turn for the worse.Around her 6th birthday,Jessicalost sight,which was11by loss of sensation in her left arm at the age of5.Howev
46、er,this was it and doctors had no answer.The whole family were heartbrokenand12.Once again,my mom found a way to inspire us all.She13it her jobto let us know that she had a strong support system.She decided to14her joband attend to her every need.With my mom sleeping by her side every single night,I
47、noticed their15grow stronger than anything.Now Jessica is 20 years old and isenjoying her college life.My mom gets us to realize that no matter how unbearable our trials mayappear,we have a support system.We are a family that will always be there for oneanother.1.A.failedB.survivedC.graduatedD.devel
48、oped2.A.guideB.pushC.refreshD.discourage3.A.hopeB.controlC.interestD.patience4.A.refusedB.threatenedC.decidedD.hesitated5.A.upsetB.destroyedC.satisfiedD.relieved6.A.wisdomB.curiosityC.weaknessD.sympathy7.A.ripeB.toughC.lonelyD.precious8.A.difficultB.superC.giftedD.normal9.A.forgotB.declaredC.discove
49、redD.sensed10.A.HopefullyB.SuddenlyC.GratefullyD.Seriously11.A.reducedB.causedC.followedD.removed12.A.guiltyB.annoyedC.confusedD.innocent13.A.informedB.madeC.realizedD.left14.A.offerB.finishC.continueD.quit15.A.faithB.willC.bondD.conflict非选择题部分第二节语篇语法填空(共 10 小题；每小题 1 分，满分 10 分)阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1 个
50、单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。Each year,thousands of people come to Shanxi,China,to visit the TerracottaArmy,which shows the armies of Qin Shi Huang,1countrys first emperor.As one of the most famous tourist sights in the world,the Terracotta Army is aform of funerary (葬礼的) art2(bury) with the First Emperor in 210
