1、1第四课时第四课时 Unit 2 Bridging cultures-Grammar：Review of noun clausesLearning objectives: Grasp the grammar rules of noun clauses and use them flexibly.【课前预习案】【课前预习案】感知以下课文原句，完成方框下的小题1Laura says she always feels hungry when she smells it，so I taught her how tocook it，too.2The first time that she had to
2、write an essay，her tutor explained that she mustacknowledge what other people had said if she cited their ideas，but that he mainlywanted to know what she thought!3Xie Lei was confused because she thought she knew less than other people.4At first，Xie Lei had no idea what she should say，but what surpr
3、ised her wasthat she found herself speaking up in class after just a few weeks.5What seemed strange before now appears quite normal to her.1 以上各句都是主从复合句， 句中用了相当于_作用的从句(即名词性从句)在句中充当成分。2引导宾语从句的从属连词_有时可以省略，如句 1 和句 3；两个并列的宾语从句中，第二个 that_省略，如句 2。3名词性从句可在句中作_，如句 4 和句 5。4名词性从句可在句中作_，如句 4。5名词性从句可在句中作_，如句 4。
4、【课内探究案】【课内探究案】语法精析：语法精析：名词或名词短语可以在句中充当主语、表语、宾语、同位语。当这些名词或名词短语由一个句子替代时，就是名词性从句。名词性从句（Noun Clauses）是在句子中起名词作用的句子。根据在句中不同的语法功能，可以把名词性从句分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。引导名词性从句的连接词引导名词性从句的连接词1. 连接代词：who， whose， whom， what， which。有词义，在从句中担任成分，如主语、表语、宾语、或定语等。2. 连接副词：when， where， why， how。有词义，在从句中担任成分，作状语。3. 连接词：t
5、hat， whether， if， as if。that 无词义，在从句中不担任成分，有时可省略；if (whether)， as if 虽有词义，但在从句中不担任成分。注意：连接代词与连接副词在句中不再是疑问句，因而从句中谓语不用疑问式。连接代词与连接副词在从句充当句子成分，连接词 whether 和 if(是否)，as if(好象)在从句中不充当句子成分，只起连接作用。根据句义，如果连接代词与连接副词， whether、 if 和 as if 都用不上时， 才用 that 作连接词(that 本身无任何含义)。一、主语从句21、主语从句在复合句作主语。Who will go is not
6、important.2、用 it 作形式主语，主语从句放在句末。It doesnt matter so much whether you will come or not.3、that 引导主语从句时，不作成分，不能省略。That he suddenly fell ill last week made us surprised.4、用 it 作形式主语的常用句型 It + be + 及物动词的过去分词+从句It is said that 据说It is reported that 据报道It is believed that 人们相信 It + be+名词+从句It is a fact tha
7、t 事实是It is good news that 是个好消息 It +be+形容词+从句It is necessary that sb. (should do) 有必要It is important that sb. (should do) 重要的是 It seems/appears/happens/ +主语从句二、宾语从句宾语从句在复合句中作及物动词或介词的宾语。结构为：主语谓语宾语从句或介词宾语从句。I will do what I can (do) to help him. 我会尽我所能帮助他。Give a reading list to whoever comes. 给所有来的人一份
8、阅读书目。1、宾语从句在复合句中作宾语。引导宾语从句的连词 that 一般可省略。I hope (that) everything is all right.2、whether 与 if 都可以引导宾语从句，常可互换。但下面情况不能互换。宾语从句是否定句时，只用 if，不用 whether。I wonder if it doesnt rain.用 if 会引起误解，就要用 whether。Please let me know whether you want to go.(此句如果把 whether 改成 if，容易当成条件句理解)宾语从句中的 whether 与 or not 直接连用， 就
9、不能换成 if；不直接连用，可换。I dont know whether or not the report is true.I dont know whether/ if the report is true or not.介词后的宾语从句要用 whether 引导。whether 可与不定式连用。whether 也可引导主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句，还可引导让步状语从句，以上均不能换成 if。但引导条件从句时，只能用 if，而不能用 whether。It depends on whether we have enough time.They dont know whether to go
10、 there.Please come to see me if you have time.3、连接副词 when, where, why, how 引导宾语从句，连接词在从句中作状语。We havent decided when well go hiking.4、连接代词 what, which, who, whom, whose 引导宾语从句时，在从句中起代词3的作用，可在从句中作主语、宾语、表语或定语。I dont know who will accompany you to the concert tonight.三、表语从句表语从句在复合句中作表语，放在系动词之后，结构为“主语连系动
11、词表语从句”。1、表语从句在复合句中作表语，位于系动词之后。The question was who could go there.2、表语从句的引导词与主语从句和宾语从句的引导词基本相同，但是 if 不能引导表语从句。3、连接词 that, whether 引导表语从句，连接词一般不能省略。The question is whether we should recommend the goods to the shopkeeper.4、连接副词 when, where, why, how 引导表语从句，连接词在从句中作状语、表语。That was how Peter got his bach
12、elors degree.5、连接代词 what, which, who, whom, whose 引导表语从句，连接词在从句中可作主语、表语、宾语或定语。Thats what we want to purchase.6、有时 because, as if, as though 也可以引导表语从句。It looks as if you have made full preparations for the final exam.四、同位语从句在复合句中用作同位语的从句称为同位语从句。 同位语从句是名词性从句的一种。它一般放在 fact，news，idea，truth，hope，problem，
13、information，belief，thought，doubt，promise，question 等抽象名词的后面，对前面的名词作进一步的解释，或说明前面名词的具体含义。I have no idea when he will be back.The fact that he had not said anything surprised everybody.同位语从句和定语从句的区别同位语从句定语从句功能解释说明名词表示的具体内容。说明名词的性质、特征、来源等。that不作成分，只起连接作用，不可省略。作主语、宾语或表语，起连接作用，并且作从句的宾语时可省略。whether起连接作用，其中
14、whether(是否)不作成分，而 how 和 what 作成分。不引导定语从句。how/whatwho作成分；起连接作用；有自己的含义，但与其修饰的名词无关。作成分；起连接作用；与先行词有一定的关系，如 when 的先行词为时间名词。whenwherewhy【当堂检测】【当堂检测】4. 单句语法填空单句语法填空1_ we understand things has a lot to do with what we feel.2The reason for his absence is _ he hasnt been informed.3He must answer the question
15、_he agrees with it or not.4Scientists point out _ the globe is getting warmer and warmer.5There is some doubt _the sports meeting will be held on time.6Ive come with a message _he wont be able to see you this afternoon.7It is necessary_ a college student (should) master a foreign language.8We mostly
16、 had to rely on the radio or newspapers to know _ was going on inthe world.9We all consider _ important that children should take plenty of milk as they grow.10Though scientists arent sure _ is causing this change，the publishers of thestudy think that its connected to rainfall. 语法填空语法填空(用适当的连接词填空用适当
17、的连接词填空)I am going to tell you an unbelievable thing 11. _ happened in my restauranttoday. This afternoon a poorlydressed gentleman came into my restaurant. Nobodyknew 12. _ he was. We were surprised that he finished two orders of food in avery limited time. We wondered 13. _ he was so hungry. We dou
18、bted 14. _the man was able to pay the bill. The gentleman asked 15. _ we would mindwaiting for just a few minutes. Then we were shocked to see 16. _ he took out ofan envelopea million pound banknote.I asked Mr Clements 17. _ it was genuine. Mr Clements said it was truebecause two of this amount had
19、been issued by the Bank of England this year. Hethought 18. _ the gentleman showed us couldnt be a fake.19 _ a gentleman with a million pound note was in rags and ate in our smallrestaurant was a big puzzle to all the people there. I really couldnt describe 20. _excited I was.【课后巩固案【课后巩固案】完成句子完成句子1T
20、he young girl always thinks of _这个年轻的女孩总是在想怎样把工作做得更好。2Im not interested in _我对他们是否支持我不感兴趣。3 The reason why she was absent was _.她缺席的原因是她的车在路上抛锚了。4_made everyone present very surprised.他在会上说的话让在场的每个人都很惊讶。5_a great many boy students are addicted to computer games.据报道，很多男学生沉迷于电脑游戏。6 The notice came around two in the afternoon _.下午两点左右来了通知，说会议要延期。5
