1、 北师大选择性必修第四册Unit 11 Conflict and compromise （满分：120分 建议用时：120分钟）第一部分 阅读(共两节, 满分50分)第一节 (共15小题；每小题2.5分, 满分37.5分)阅读下列短文, 从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。AIn any given week, about four dozen kids visit Dr. David Abramsons preschool-like clinic at Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center in New York City. And wh
2、ile most ofthem are barely old enough to speak, because of Dr. Abramson and the groundbreaking medical procedure he has created for a rare and potentially deadly eye cancer called retinoblastoma, they can see.In the past, if the cancer didnt respond well to then-available treatments, survival requir
3、ed removing the cancerous eye. The parents, however, will often choose to let their children die with their eyes intact rather than live withoutthem.“This was a transformational change in our field,” says Dr. Abramson, who began using the technique in 2006. “Overnight, we went from taking out childr
4、ens eyes to not taking out childrens eyes.”But theres an aspect of the technique that Dr. Abramson doesnt talk about much, even though it is as inspirational as the technique itself. He refused to patent it. Pursuing a patent, he feared, would have meant the technique would be kept secret for a long
5、 period of time while the paperwork was approved by the U.S. Trademark and Patent Office. In the meantime, untold numbers of children would have suffered and perhaps died.Patent experts wouldnt make a guess on exactly how much money Dr. Abramson left on the Table by not patenting his procedure. But
6、the purpose of a medical procedure patent is that it allows a doctor to profit by teaching others to perform the procedure.“I want people to know that when I do something, its from my scientific heart, not because I have any financial benefit,” he says. “And ultimately, our goal is to help children.
7、 Our driving force in this is not to make money. ”1. What does the underlined word “them” in Paragraph 2 refer to?A. Eyes.B. Parents.C. Children.D. Treatments.2. Why didnt Dr. Abramson get the technique patented?A. He feared that the technique might be kept secret forever.B. He didnt like the idea o
8、f teaching others about the technique.C. The application process meant many sufferings and even deaths.D. The application process would require too much money and time.3. What is the authors purpose in writing this article?A. To introduce an eye cancer.B. To give credit to Dr. Abramson.C. To recomme
9、nd an evolutionary cure.D. To show the difficulty of a patent application.BKatie always knew she wanted to be a performer. She was fond of Disney movies from an early age and would often sing along with her mom, Karen.When Katie was nine years old, her happy childhood took a turn when her mother was
10、 diagnosed with cancer. When the doctor informed the Whetsell family that Karens disease was terminal, they made a decision. Disney World had been a longtime dream vacation for Karen. So in November 1997, the family packed up and headed to Disney World. Katie says shell never forget the moment that
11、changed her life on that trip: After a long day at the parks, the Whetsells decided to see one of Disney Worlds many nightly light shows. While watching, a Disney cast member performing in the parade came up to her mom and rested her hand on Karens shoulder. They exchanged smiles and, to this day, K
12、atie remembered how at peace her mom looked. The whole family was touched and moved to tears. This was the day Katie decided she wanted to work for Disney.After graduating from college, Katie went on to pursue performing for a living. She struggled for years, working as a waitress and trying to make
13、 it as an actor. Her hard work and passion finally paid off when she was hired to work on Disney Cruise Lines in 2009. Katies favorite friend in the Disney World is Dory in Finding Nemo the Musical. She says that Dory has taught her the value of living in the present moment and to just keep swimming
14、.Katie has never lost sight of the fact that she and others who work for the company bring joy to the lives of many every day. Everything we do at the parks makes a difference to many families. Its a way for us to help them forget. Its amazing to be able to comfort others. When asked what her mother
15、 would think of her working at Disney World, she takes a deep breath and allows the tears to flow. I just feel like shed be so proud. I can feel her presence often and I feel her having a part in what I do. Its perfect.4. Why did the Whetsell family decide to go to Disney World in November 1997?A. T
16、he Disney World has always been a good place for vacation.B. Karen was seriously ill and Disney World was what she had dreamed for.C. The Whetsell family were all fond of Disney characters.D. Katie always wanted to go to the Disney World to be a performer.5. What happened during the Disney trip that
17、 changed Katies life?A. Katie took part in the parade performance and realized her dream.B. The whole family enjoyed themselves in the nightly light shows.C. A performer in the Disney parade brought comfort to her mom.D. Karen was invited to perform with cast members and she felt satisfied.6. Whats
18、the purpose to mention Katies favorite friend Dory?A. To inform us more of Katies struggling life.B. To introduce another Disney character named Dory.C. To imply Katies understanding of life.D. To tell us the importance to keep going.7. Which of the following can best describe Katies personality?A.
19、Intelligent and industrious.B. Diligent and dependent.CSelfless and sympathetic.D. Persistent and positive.CFrom talking robots and video phones to rovers on Mars, technology has become so advanced that the previously impossible seems to occur on a daily basis. And yet - we still have no cure for th
20、e common cold.Why cant we stop the common cold? According to Peter Barlow, a scientist at Edinburgh Napier University in the UK, the main challenge lies in the many different types of cold viruses that are produced by the rhinoviruses (鼻病毒). There are at least 160 types. They mutate (突变) so easily t
21、hat they quickly become resistant to drugs, or learn to hide from our immune systems. In other words, a single cure isnt likely to work on every type of cold.However, researchers from Stanford University and the Universityof California, San Francisco, have found a possible answer. They discovered a
22、protein that the viruses need. Without it, they cant spread inside your body.To identify the gene which produces the specific protein needed by the viruses, researchers used a gene-editing technique to test all genes in the human genome one by one for thousands of cells. These modified (改变的) cells w
23、ere then exposed to a range of enteroviruses, including the rhinoviruses which cause the common cold. All the viruses were unable to replicate (复制) inside cells without a gene that produces a specific protein, called methyltransferase SETD3.Then, they tested genetically modified mice, which were com
24、pletely unable to produce the protein. The mice were able to live healthy, normal lives without the protein. “Lacking that gene protected the mice completely from viral infection.” associate professor Jan Carette, from Stanford, told the BBC. “These mice would always die, but they survived and we sa
25、w a very strong reduction in viral replication and very strong protection.”Carette said the plan is to find a drug which can temporarily suppress (抑制) the protein, instead of producing genetically modified humans. “We have identified a fantastic target that all enteroviruses and rhinoviruses require
26、 and depend on. Take that away and the virus really has no chance.” said Carette. “This is a really good first step the second step is to have a chemical that mimics (模拟) this genetic deletion.” he added.8. What does Peter Barlow think is the main problem for prevention of the common cold?A. The slo
27、w mutation of some genes.B. The fast speed at which rhinoviruses spread.C. The harm rhinoviruses do to the immune system.D. The wide variety of cold viruses created by rhinoviruses.9. What can we learn about the protein needed by the viruses?A. It helps the viruses replicate inside our bodies.B. It
28、allows the viruses to mutate easily.C. It helps the viruses become resistant to drugs.D. It accelerates the speed at which the viruses spread.10. What did the researchers discover in their gene-editing study?A. Genetically modified mice died because they lacked the protein.B. The modified cells seem
29、ed to protect the mice against viral infections.C. More methyltransferase SETD3 was produced after the cells were modified.D. The gene-editing technique was more effective against enteroviruses than rhinoviruses.11. What do the researchers most probably do next, according to Carette?A. Conduct exper
30、iments on genetically modified humans.B. Identify a drug that can help reduce the protein.C. Apply this gene-editing technique to control other viruses.D. Finda chemical that can cure all enteroviruses and rhinoviruses.DA new device works like a solar panel，except that it doesnt harvest energy from
31、the sun. It absorbs energy from the cold night sky.A prototype(原型)of the device produced enoughelectricity at night to power a small light bulb. A bigger version might one day light rooms or charge phones. It also could power electronics in remote or low-resource areas that lack electricity.The devi
32、ce makes use of the temperature difference between Earth and outer space. It then uses that difference to create electricity. As long as one side of it is cooler than the other，the generator can produce electricity. The cooler side faces the sky and is attached to an aluminum plate. That plate is se
33、aled beneath a transparent cover and surrounded with insulation(隔热材料) to keep out heat. The bottom of the generator is attached toan exposed aluminum plate. That plate is warmed by the local air. At night，the top plate can get a couple of degrees Celsius cooler than the bottom of the generator.Resea
34、rchers tested a 20-centimeter prototype one clear December night in Stanford，California. The generator produced up to about 25 milliwatts of power per square meter of device. That was enough power to light a small light-emitting diode，or LED bulb. Further improvements might increase its production t
35、o at least 500 milliwatts per square meter. To do that，the system might need more insulation around the cool top plate.The device also could help power remote weather stations or other environmental devices，says Aaswath Raman. He is a materials scientist who worked on the device at the University of
36、 California，Los Angeles. This may be useful in polar regions that dont see sunlight for months at a time，Raman says. “If you have some low-power load and you need to power it through three months of darkness，this might be a way. ”12. What can we know about the new device?A. It gains energy from the
37、sun.B. Its been widely used in life.C. It is cooler than a solar panel.D. Itll be popular in special areas.13. What does the author mainly talk about in Paragraph 3?A. Application fields of the device.B. The developing process of the device.C. The working principle of the device.D. Significant effec
38、ts of the device.14. How can the device produce more electricity?A. By putting more insulation around the top plate.B. By using it in extremely cold and clear nights.C. By attaching the bottom plate to a warm plate.D. By covering the top plate with a transparent lid.15. What could be a suitable titl
39、e for the text?A. A Device Using the Cold Night Sky to Produce ElectricityB. A Device Bringing New Hope for Those in the Cold NightC. The Difference Between a Solar Panel and a New DeviceD. The Temperature Difference Between Earth and Outer Space第二节(共5小题；每小题2. 5分, 满分12. 5分)阅读下面短文, 从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的
40、最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Our world is more connected than ever before thanks to technology._16_Indeed, it is becoming increasingly important that we all learn howto deal with this painful feeling.You should be determined to actively end your loneliness. We often end up passively waiting for someone else to
41、make us feel less lonely. You may feel that your loneliness indicates that nobody is willing to connect withyou. And there is nothing you can do about it. But that is far from the truth._17_You should find reasons why you are lonely. We all feel lonely for different reasons. Some of us have no one t
42、o interact with on a consistent basis and thats why wefeel lonely. You may feel that the people in your life dont share your thoughts and ideas._18_you need to identify it. And you know exactly how to handle your loneliness._19_People who are lonely tend to fall into destructive mental habits.They t
43、ry to avoid the pain of not being understood and being disconnected by not giving people an opportunity to understand and connect with them. So the solution is to share your thoughts and feelings with others and to do so openly and fearlessly.You should find people who share your interests._20_every
44、body is interested in something. And just as there are many interests, there are many people who share those interests. Find what interests you and connect with others on that basis.A. Whatever the reason is,B. When you feel really lonely,C. If you want to make friends with them,D. Whether its coin
45、collecting or video games,E. You should be open about your thoughts, ideas and desires.F. Ending loneliness is something that you can and shouldpursue actively.G. However, more and more of us find ourselves having to stand loneliness.第二部分 语言运用(共两节，满分30分)第一节 (共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分)阅读下面短文, 从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个
46、选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。As our Earths temperature warms up because of climate change, it is having unexpected effects on our worlds forests. When temperatures rise, trees close their skins to_21_the loss of water, and this, in turn, slows down the_22_of photosynthesis(光合作用). As a result, these trees are s
47、horter and grow slowly, as well as have a_23_death rate.Climate change also increases the_24_of droughts and wildfires. After wildfires, it takes a while for the forest systems to_25_, andin some cases, the forests are_26_permanently. Trees that are stressed are also_27_to attacks by bacteria(细菌). I
48、n tropical forests, vines that use the trees as_28_can often choke the trees and rob them of nutrients. Finally,humans have_29_the forest landscape through logging. When trees are replanted on the soil, they will never grow as large as the_30_trees that were cut down.As these forests disappear, species that once called them “home” are forced to change,_31_
