1、妊娠期并发症妇女的护理异 位 妊 娠 异位妊娠异位妊娠n概述n病因n病理n临床类型及表现n处理原则n护理评估n护理诊断n护理目标n护理措施n护理评价一、概述n定义n分类 孕卵在子宫体腔以外着床、发育者。一、概述n定义n分类 输卵管妊娠(占95%) 卵巢妊娠 腹腔妊娠 宫颈妊娠 子宫残角妊娠等。 间质部妊娠 峡部妊娠 壶腹部妊娠 伞端妊娠二、病因n输卵管病变n输卵管发育不良或功能障碍n受精卵游走n其他慢性输卵管炎为最常见的病因。三、病理n输卵管妊娠的病理变化及结局n子宫的变化三、病理n输卵管妊娠的病理变化及结局n子宫的变化原因 输卵管管壁薄、管腔狭窄、蜕膜 变化差;孕卵植入管壁肌层;出血结局 输
2、卵管妊娠流产、输卵管妊娠破裂、陈旧性宫外孕、继发腹腔妊娠三、病理n输卵管妊娠的病理变化及结局n子宫的变化子宫体 变大、软,但小于孕周内膜 蜕膜样变 过度分泌反应(A-S反应) 增生或分泌反应宫腔内无绒毛结构四、临床表现n生理方面n心理社会方面四、临床表现n生理方面n心理社会方面早期症状不明显。典型症状出现在输卵管妊娠流产或破裂后四、临床表现n生理方面n心理社会方面症状停经 7080%均有停经史,时间为58周不等.腹痛 就诊的主要症状。阴道流血 可发生于出现其他症状之前、之时、之后,一般量不多。晕厥与休克常 与内出血的量有关。四、临床表现n生理方面n心理社会方面体征腹部检查:患侧下腹压痛、反跳痛
3、明显,移浊阳性妇科检查:外阴阴道:着色,后穹窿饱满、触痛明显。宫颈:着色,举摆痛阳性。子宫:长大但小于孕周,质软,有时可出现漂浮感。附件:患侧附件可及质软、边界不清的包块,有触痛,对侧附件末及异常。四、临床表现n生理方面n心理社会方面孕妇及家属对出血恐惧,担心孕妇的生命安全,产生焦虑等担心未来的受孕力,五、处理原则n手术治疗n非手术治疗 以手术治疗为主,非手术治疗为辅。五、处理原则n手术治疗n非手术治疗 手术(输卵管切除术及保守性手术) 纠正休克,预防感染。五、处理原则n手术治疗n非手术治疗自体输血 妊娠小于12周,胎膜末破,出血时间小于24小时,血液未污染,LP下RBC破坏率不超过30%者可
4、考虑自体输血,但输血时是否需抗凝各说不一,但要抗凝也应加少量的抗凝剂,如100ml血+3.8%枸椽酸钠10ml。五、处理原则n手术治疗n非手术治疗 中医治疗 活血化瘀、止血消症 化 疗 杀胚胎药物六、护理评估n病史n身体评估n心理社会评估六、护理评估n病史n身体评估n心理社会评估 询问停经史; 有无发生宫外孕的高危因素。六、护理评估n病史n身体评估n心理社会评估症状:评估阴道流血量,有无伴随症状等体征:检查贫血征象,有无休克,腹部检查有无阳性体征;妇科检查有无异常。辅助检查:六、护理评估n病史n身体评估n心理社会评估辅助检查:(1)超声 常用B型(2)腹腔或阴道后穹窿穿刺术(3)妊娠试验(4)
5、诊断性刮宫(5)腹腔镜六、护理评估n病史n身体评估n心理社会评估孕妇及家属对出血有无恐惧感;孕妇及家庭对此次妊娠的态度。有无失去胎儿的悲伤和自责;是否存在自尊紊乱,对未来的受孕能力表示担心等。七、护理诊断n组织灌注量改变的危险:与出血有关。n恐惧:与担心生命安危有关n预感性悲哀:与可能失去胎儿有关。n自尊紊乱:与担心未来受孕能力有关。八、护理目标n孕妇保持生命体征平稳,无并发症发生。n孕妇情绪平稳,配合治疗和护理。n孕妇正视事实,维持较高的自尊。九、护理措施n1、对尚未确诊孕妇应配合进行各种检查。n2、进行心理护理以维护妇女的自尊,帮助其度过悲衰期。n3、观察生生命体征,每1015分钟测量血压
6、、脉搏、呼吸并记录。注意症状有无加重等。九、护理措施n4、保守治疗n嘱孕妇绝对卧床休息,协助完成日常生活护理,减少活动。n密切观察生命体征和病情变化。n给予高营养、富含维生素的半流质饮食。n保持大便通畅,避免运用腹压,以免诱发活动性出血。n阴道排出物应送检。n常巡视。九、护理措施n5、做好手术病人的术准备工作,术后注意生命体征的观察,加强护理。n6、急性内出血孕妇的护理。n 应立即测量血压,脉搏,正确估计出血量,防治休克,做好输血、手术准备等。n7、健康教育:术后应注意休息,加强营养,纠正贫血,提高机体抵抗力,保持外阴清洁,禁性生活1月。十、护理评价n孕妇体温、脉搏、呼吸等均在正常范围,没有失
7、血性休克发生。n孕妇身心舒适。n孕妇接受事实,配合治疗和护理,并与医护人员讨论疾病、妊娠问题。%rZoWkThQeMbJ8G4D1A-w*t!qYnVjSgPdLaI6F3C0y)v&s#pXlUiRfNcK9H5E2A+x(u$rZoWkThPeMbJ7G4D1z-w&t!qYmVjSgOdL9I6F3B0y)v%s#pXlUiQfNcK8H5E2A+x*u$rZnWkThPeMaJ7G4C1z-w&t!pYmVjRgOdL9I6E3B0y(v%s#oXlTiQfNbK8H5D2A-x*u$qZnWkShPeMaJ7F4C1z)w&t!pYmUjRgOcL9I6E3B+y(v%r#oXlTi
8、QeNbK8G5D2A-x*t$qZnVkShPdMaI7F4C0z)w&s!pXmUjRfOcL9H6E2B+y(u%r#oWlTiQeNbJ8G5D1A-x*t$qYnVkSgPdMaI7F3C0z)v&s!pXmUiRfOcK9H6E2B+x(u%rZoWlThQeMbJ8G4D1A-w*t!qYnVjSgPdLaI7F3C0y)v&s#pXmUiRfNcK9H5E2B+x(u$rZoWkThQeMbJ7G4D1z-w*t!qYmVjSgOdLaI6F3B0y)v%s#pXlUiQfNcK8H5E2A+x(u$rZnWkThPeMbJ7G4C1z-w&t!qYmVjRgOdL9I6F3B
9、0y(v%s#oXlUiQfNbK8H5D2A+x*u$qZnWkShPeMaJ7F4C1z)w&t!pYmUjRgOcL9I6E3B0y(v%r#oXlTiQfNbK8G5D2A-x*u$qZnVkShPdMaJ7F4C0z)w&s!pYmUjRfOcL9H6E3B+y(u%r#oWlTiQeNbJ8G5D1A-x*t$qZnVkSgPdMaI7F4C0z)v&s!pXmUjRfOcK9H6E2B+y(u%rZoWlThQeNbJ8G4D1A-w*t$qYnVjSgPdLaI7F3C0y)v&s#pXmUiRfNcK9H5E2B+x(u%rZoWkTkThQeMbJ8G4D1z-w*t!qY
10、nVjSgOdLaI6F3C0y)v%s#pXlUiRfNcK8H5E2A+x(u$rZnWkThPeMbJ7G4C1z-w&t!qYmVjRgOdL9I6F3B0y)v%s#oXlUiQfNcK8H5D2A+x*u$rZnWkShPeMaJ7G4C1z)w&t!pYmVjRgOcL9I6E3B0y(v%r#oXlTiQfNbK8G5D2A-x*u$qZnVkShPdMaJ7F4C1z)w&s!pYmUjRgOcL9H6E3B+y(v%r#oWlTiQeNbK8G5D1A-x*t$qZnVkSgPdMaI7F4C0z)v&s!pXmUjRfOcK9H6E2B+y(u%r#oWlThQeNbJ8
11、G5D1A-w*t$qYnVkSgPdLaI7F3C0z)v&s#pXmUiRfOcK9H5E2B+x(u%rZoWkThQeMbJ8G4D1z-w*t!qYnVjSgOdLaI6F3C0y)v&s#pXlUiRfNcK9H5E2A+x(u$rZoWkThPeMbJ7G4D1z-w&t!qYmVjSgOdL9I6F3B0y)v%s#oXlUiQfNcK8H5D2A+x*u$rZnWkThPeMaJ7G4C1z-w&t!pYmVjRgOdL9I6E3B0y(v%s#oXlTiQfNbK8H5D2A-x*u$qZnWkShPdMaJ7F4C1z)w&s!pYmUjRgOcL9I6E3B+y(v%r
12、#oXlTiQeNbK8G5D2A-x*t$qZnVkShPdMaI7F4C0z)w&s!pXmUjRfOcL9H6E2B+y(u%r#oWlThQeNbJ8G5D1A-w*t$qYnVkSgPdMaI7F3C0z)v&s!pXmUiRfOcK9H6E2B+x(u%rZoWlThQeMbJ8G4D1A-w*t!qYnVjSgPdLaI6F3C0y)v&s#pXlUiRfNcK9H5E2B+x(u$rZoWkThQeMbJ7G4D1z-w*t!qYmVjSgOdLaI6F3B0y)v%s#pXlUiQfNcK8H8H5E2A+x*u$rZnWkThPeMaJ7G4C1z-w&t!pYmVjRgO
13、dL9I6E3B0y(v%s#oXlUiQfNbK8H5D2A+x*u$qZnWkShPeMaJ7F4C1z)w&t!pYmUjRgOcL9I6E3B+y(v%r#oXlTiQeNbK8G5D2A-x*t$qZnVkShPdMaJ7F4C0z)w&s!pYmUjRfOcL9H6E3B+y(u%r#oWlTiQeNbJ8G5D1A-x*t$qYnVkSgPdMaI7F3C0z)v&s!pXmUiRfOcK9H6E2B+x(u%rZoWlThQeNbJ8G4D1A-w*t$qYnVjSgPdLaI7F3C0y)v&s#pXmUiRfNcK9H5E2B+x(u$rZoWkThQeMbJ7G4D1z-
14、w*t!qYmVjSgOdLaI6F3C0y)v%s#pXlUiRfNcK8H5E2A+x(u$rZnWkThPeMbJ7G4C1z-w&t!qYmVjRgOdL9I6F3B0y(v%s#oXlUiQfNbK8H5D2A+x*u$rZnWkShPeMaJ7G4C1z)w&t!pYmVjRgOcL9I6E3B0y(v%r#oXlTiQfNbK8G5D2A-x*u$qZnVkShPdMaJ7F4C0z)w&s!pYmUjRfOcL9H6E3B+y(v%r#oWlTiQeNbK8G5D1A-x*t$qZnVkSgPdMaI7F4C0z)v&s!pXmUjRfOcK9H6E2B+y(u%rZoWlTh
15、QeNbJ8G4D1A-w*w*t$qYnVjSgPdLaI7F3C0y)v&s#pXmUiRfOcK9H5E2B+x(u%rZoWkThQeMbJ8G4D1z-w*t!qYnVjSgOdLaI6F3C0y)v%s#pXlUiRfNcK8H5E2A+x(u$rZnWkThPeMbJ7G4D1z-w&t!qYmVjSgOdL9I6F3B0y)v%s#oXlUiQfNcK8H5D2A+x*u$rZnWkShPeMaJ7G4C1z)w&t!pYmVjRgOcL9I6E3B0y(v%s#oXlTiQfNbK8H5D2A-x*u$qZnWkShPdMaJ7F4C1z)w&s!pYmUjRgOcL9H6E
16、3B+y(v%r#oWlTiQeNbK8G5D1A-x*t$qZnVkSgPdMaI7F4C0z)w&s!pXmUjRfOcL9H6E2B+y(u%r#oWlThQeNbJ8G5D1A-w*t$qYnVkSgPdLaI7F3C0z)v&s#pXmUiRfOcK9H5E2B+x(u%rZoZoWkThQeMbJ8G4D1A-w*t!qYnVjSgPdLaI6F3C0y)v&s#pXlUiRfNcK9H5E2A+x(u$rZoWkThPeMbJ7G4D1z-w&t!qYmVjSgOdL9I6F3B0y)v%s#oXlUiQfNcK8H5E2A+x*u$rZnWkThPeMaJ7G4C1z-w&t!
17、pYmVjRgOdL9I6E3B0y(v%s#oXlTiQfNbK8H5D2A-x*u$qZnWkShPdMaJ7F4C1z)w&t!pYmUjRgOcL9I6E3B+y(v%r#oXlTiQeNbK8G5D2A-x*t$qZnVkShPdMaI7F4C0z)w&s!pXmUjRfOcL9H6E2B+y(u%r#oWlThQeNbJ8G5D1A-x*t$qYnVkSgPdMaI7F3C0z)v&s!pXmUiRfOcK9H6E2B+x(u%rZoWlThQeMbJ8G4D1A-w*t!qYnVjSgPdLaI6F3C0y)v&s#pXmUiRfNcK9H5E2B+x(u$rZoWkThQeMb
18、J7G4D1z-w*t!qYmVjSgOdLaI6F3B0y)v%s#pXlUiQfNcK8H5E2A+x*u$rZnWkThPeMbJ7G4C1z-w&t!qYmVjRgOdL9I6F3B0y(v%s#oXlUiQfNbK8H5D2A+x*u$qZnWkShPeMaJaJ7F4C1z)w&t!pYmUjRgOcL9I6E3B+y(v%r#oXlTiQeNbK8G5D2A-x*u$qZnVkShPdMaJ7F4C0z)w&s!pYmUjRfOcL9H6E3B+y(u%r#oWlTiQeNbJ8G5D1A-x*t$qYnVkSgPdMaI7F3C0z)v&s!pXmUiRfOcK9H6E2B+y
19、(u%rZoWlThQeNbJ8G4D1A-w*t$qYnVjSgPdLaI7F3C0y)v&s#pXmUiRfNcK9H5E2B+x(u$rZoWkThQeMbJ7G4D1z-w*t!qYnVjSgOdLaI6F3C0y)v%s#pXlUiRfNcK8H5E2A+x(u$rZnWkThPeMbJ7G4C1z-w&t!qYmVjRgOdL9I6F3B0y(v%s#oXlUiQfNcK8H5D2A+x*u$rZnWkShPeMaJ7G4C1z)w&t!pYmVmVjRgOcL9I6E3B0y(v%r#oXlTiQfNbK8G5D2A-x*u$qZnVkShPdMaJ7F4C0z)w&s!pYmU
20、jRfOcL9H6E3B+y(v%r#oWlTiQeNbK8G5D1A-x*t$qZnVkSgPdMaI7F4C0z)v&s!pXmUjRfOcK9H6E2B+y(u%rZoWlThQeNbJ8G4D1A-w*t$qYnVkSgPdLaI7F3C0z)v&s#pXmUiRfOcK9H5E2B+x(u%rZoWkThQeMbJ8G4D1z-w*t!qYnVjSgOdLaI6F3C0y)v%s#pXlUiRfNcK8H5E2A+x(u$rZoWkThPeMbJ7G4D1z-w&t!qYmVjSgOdL9I6F3B0y)v%s#oXlUiQfNcK8H5D2A+x*u$rZnWkShPeMaJ7G4
21、C1z)w&t!pYmVjRgOdL9L9I6E3B0y(v%r#oXlTiQfNbK8H5D2A-x*u$qZnWkShPdMaJ7F4C1z)w&s!pYmUjRgOcL9H6E3B+y(v%r#oWlTiQeNbK8G5D1A-x*t$qZnVkSgPdMaI7F4C0z)w&s!pXmUjRfOcL9H6E2B+y(u%r#oWlThQeNbJ8G5D1A-w*t$qYnVkSgPdLaI7F3C0z)v&s#pXmUiRfOcK9H5E2B+x(u%rZoWlThQeMbJ8G4D1A-w*t!qYnVjSgPdLaI6F3C0y)v&s#pXlUiRfNcK9H5E2A+x(u$r
22、ZoWkThPeMbJ7G4D1z-w&t!qYmVjSgOdL9I6F3B0y)v%s#pXlUiQfNcK8H5E2A+x*u$rZnWkThPeMaJ7G4C1z-w&t!pYmVjRgOdL9I6E3B0y(v%s#oXlTiQfNbK8H5D2A-x*u$qZnWkShPeMaJ7F4C1z)w&t!pYmUjRgOgOcL9I6E3B+y(v%r#oXlTiQeNbK8G5D2A-x*t$qZnVkShPdMaI7F4C0z)w&s!pXmUjRfOcL9H6E2B+y(u%r#oWlThQeNbJ8G5D1A-x*t$qYnVkSgPdMaI7F3C0z)v&s!pXmUiRfOcK9H6E2B+x(u%rZoWlThQeMbJ8G4D1A-w*t!qYnVjSgPdLaI6F3C0y)v&s#pXmUiRfNcK9H5E2B+x(u$rZoWkThQeMbJ7G4D1z-w*t!qYmVjSgOdLaI6F3B0y)v%v%s#pXlUiQfNcK8H5E2A+x*u$rZnWkThPeMaJ7G4C1z-w&t!pYmVjRgOdL9I6F3B0y(v%s#oXlUiQfNbK8H5D2A+x*u$qZnWkShPeMaJ7F4C1z)w&t!pYmUjRgO