1、北京市部分学校 2021-2022 学年上学期高二期中英语试题分类汇编七选五专题北京市中国人民大学附属中学 2021-2022 学年高二上学期期中考试英语试题第二节任务型阅读（共第二节任务型阅读（共 5 小题；每小题小题；每小题 2 分，共分，共 10 分）分）根据短文内容， 从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。 选项中有两项为多余选项。The Effects of a Warmer WorldAre Visible in AnimalsBodiesFor humans, adapting to climate change will mostly be a matter of t
2、echnology. More airconditioning, better-designed houses and bigger flood defences may help mitigate the effects of awarm world. _45_ In a paper published in Trends in Ecology & Evolution, a team led bySaraRyding, a phd candidate at Deakin University, in Australia, shows that is already happening.Cli
3、mate change is already altering the bodies of many animal species, giving them bigger beaks,limbs and ears. In some species ofAustralian parrot, for instance, beak size has increased bybetween 4 % and 10 % since 1871.All that dovetails (吻合)nicely with evolutionary theory. “Allens rule”, named for Jo
4、elAsaphAllen, who suggested it in 1877, holds that warm-blooded-animals in hot places tend tohave larger appendages (附属物) than those in less hot regions._46_ For example, Fennecfoxes, which are native to the Sahara desert, have strikingly large ears, especially compared withtheirArctic cousins.Ms Ry
5、ding examined museum specimens, comparing their bodies to those of their moderncounterparts. She is not the first researcher to take that approach. _47_All sorts of otherfactors, from changes in prey to the evolving reproductive preferences of males or females, mightpossibly have been driving the ch
6、anges. Her team combined data from different species indifferent places.Since they have little in common apart from living on a warming planet, she says,climate change is the most reasonable explanation._48_ Researchers have already seen changes in the geographical range of manyspecies, from insects
7、 to fish.Another evolutionary rule-of-thumb, Bergmanns rule, holds thatanimals in hotter places tend to have smaller bodies, another way to boost the ratio betweensurface area and volume. Other animals may alter their behaviour as well as their bodies, such asby seeking shelter at hot times of the d
8、ay.Studying a broader range of animals will help firm up exactly what is happening. Much ofMs Rydings data concern birds, with less information available for other taxa (类群). But it seemsclear that the world of the future is not just going to be hotter than humans are usedto._49_A.And there are othe
9、r ways to adapt, too.B. The animals living in it will look different, too.C. Larger wings are heavier, and bigger legs cost more energy to grow.D.Animals will have to rely on changing their bodies or their behaviour.E. But it is hard to prove that climate change was the cause of an anatomical (结构上的)
10、 change.F. Since any evolutionary adaptation comes with trade-offs, it is unclear how far the process mightgo.G. Such adaptations boost an animals surface area relative to its body volume, helping it to shedexcess heat.北京市昌平区实验学校 2021-2022 学年高二上学期期中考试英语试卷四、七选五四、七选五Getting Lost in a Good Book Can Hel
11、p Keep You HealthyIm a novelist and its obviously in my interest to encourage people to read. But theresincreasing evidence that reading isnt just for pleasure, or merely a way of improving literacyskills and factual knowledge. 41Firstly, reading helps to lengthen attention spans in children and imp
12、roves their ability tothink clearly. 42 It is essential to learn this skill as a small child. The more they do it, the betterthey get at it.Also, reading can help people learn to empathize(产生共鸣).Arecent study at the Universityof Michigan found that there had been a 48% decrease in empathy among coll
13、ege students. 43Ina computer game, you might have rescued a princess, but you dont care about her, you just wantto win. But a princess in a book has a past, present and future, she has connections andmotivations. We can relate to her. We see the world through her eyes.As a matter of fact, reading is
14、 far from a passive activity. Reading exercises the whole brain.When we read and imagine the landscapes, sounds, smells and tastes described on the page, thevarious areas of the brain that are used to process these experiences in real life are activated,creating new neural pathways. 44 This doesnt h
15、appen when were watching TV or playing acomputer game.Getting sucked into a good novel appears to be beneficial to our mental health too.45 Reading not only avoids feelings of loneliness, it helps us to wind down, de-stress and forgetour own problems for a while.AStories have a structure that encour
16、ages their brains to think in sequence, to link cause, effectand significance.BIn other words, our brains model real experiences, just as if we were living them ourselves.CWhen we read a good book, were trying to find out its main idea.DIt might actually be good for our mental and physical health to
17、o.E.But those who did not enjoy these activities had lots of loss.F.As the old saying goes, “ Youre never alone with a book.”G.Encouraging reading could overcome this.北京市顺义区第一中学 2021-2022 学年高二上学期期中质量检测英语试题第二节：根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出正确的填入空白处。选项第二节：根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出正确的填入空白处。选项中有两项为多余选项。中有两项为多余选项。Stop Ne
18、gative Talk“Im so fat,” one of your friends says. The girl next to her joins in. “Welf, I hate my hairtoday.” Without thinking, you respond “No, you ate not fat! I am fat. And my hair is flat andboring.” _32_It is easy for people to engage in self-critical conversations, and once it starts there is
19、oftenpressure for you to join in. _33_Maybe it is because “just talking” feels harmless. But beforeyou know it, those opinions flow out of your conversations and into your life, where they starteating away at your self-respect._34_ When you start talking about yourself in a negative way, you are not
20、 only affectingyour self-respect, but your friends! When you criticize yourself, your friends might think you havethe same standards for them. You have heard that it is important to treat others the way you wantto be treated, but there is also value in treating yourself like you treat your friends.
21、If you wouldntcriticize your friend for the same thing, chances are that you are being too hard on yourself. So,dont start it.But what if someone else starts? For example, your friend feels insecure about how well heplayed in his soccer game, so he puts himself down. “I suck at soccer.” _35_Ask him,
22、 “doyou really think that? Why?” Maybe he is actually upset about a comment someone made, or isjust getting down on himself over one bad play. Whatever it is, talking through the real issue willhelp him more than slipping into another negative talk.It is important to talk to your friend about your i
23、nsecurities, but make sure you are not talkingabout them just to put yourself down. _36_ Instead of just focusing on the negative, talkabout what makes you and your friends beautiful and unique-including what you love about yourbody und what you have accomplished. When you show yourself love, you se
24、t yourself as anexample, and everyone benefits from you positively.A. Negative talk affects self-respect.B. Criticizing yourself helps nobody.C. But why do we hesitate to praise ourselves?D. But why is it acceptable to talk so negatively?E.All it takes is just one comment and the negative talk start
25、s.F. It is better to resist negative conversations and create more balanced ones.G. Before everyone puts himself down, see if you can get to the root of the problem北京师范大学第二附属中学 2021-2022 学年高二上学期期中考试英语试题第二节（共第二节（共 5 小题；每小题小题；每小题 1.5 分，共分，共 7.5 分）分）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填
26、入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。将答案填涂在答题卡上。上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。将答案填涂在答题卡上。Farms of the FutureSkyscrapers(摩天大楼) are the ultimate symbol of urban life. By 2050, almost 80 percent ofthe earths population could live in cities. The human population could increase to 9.1 billionpeople yet the amount of l
27、and available for farming will be the same. _26_Vertical farms, where farmers could grow crops in environmentally friendly skyscrapers,could be the solution. In spite of concerns over high costs, experts want to make these urban farmsa reality and use these skyscrapers to grow crops. _27_Vertical fa
28、rms would have many advantages, experts say. The food would be grown withminimal effects on the environment. Unlike traditional farming, vertical farming would not forceanimals out of their habitats by taking over large areas of land, nor would it pollute the air with theuse of heavy farming equipme
29、nt. _28_ These have been well recognized.Growing prosperity has led to many people demanding that all foods are available all yearround. Indoor farming could produce crops constantly and crops would not suffer fromweather-related problems like drought or flooding. In addition, the use of agricultura
30、l chemicalsfor controlling insects would be minimal._29_ They point out that although crops growing in a tall glass building would getnatural sunlight during the day, it wouldnt be enough. The plants closest to the windows wouldgrow much more quickly than the plants further inside. The plants growin
31、g away from thewindows may not produce as many or as high quality vegetables. _30_ They would needadditional light sources.Experts agree that the new farming practices are needed to support the planets need for moreand more food at affordable costs, both to the farmer and to the consumer. Vertical f
32、arms may be asmall-scale answer, but the best ideas could be yet to come.A. Still, there are some people who are critical of vertical farms.B. That is where vertical farms are often needed for year-round crops.C. So how to meet the increasing food needs of our planet could be a big problem.D. For th
33、ese reasons, natural light cannot be a workable solution for vertical farms.E. Vertically grown food is grown in environmentally controlled conditions in big cities.F. Those farms would also reduce the cost and negative effects of transporting food overdistances.北京市昌平区第二中学 2021-2022 学年高二上学期期中考试英语试卷第
34、二节(共 5 小题:每小题 2 分，共 10 分)根据短文内容， 从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项， 并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。This Way to Dreamland Daydreaming means people think about something pleasant, especiallywhen this makes them forget what they should be doing Daydreamers have a bad reputation forbeing unaware of whats happening aroun
35、d them They can seem forgetful andclumsy_35_They annoy us because they seem to be ignoring us and missing the importantthingsBut daydreamers are also responsible for some of the greatest ideas and achievements inhuman history_36_Can you imagine what kind of world we would have without such ideasand
36、inventions?So how can you come up with brilliant daydreams and avoid falling over tree rootsor otherwise looking like a fool?First, understand that some opportunities(机会) for daydreamingare better than others Feeling safe and relaxed will help you to slip intodaydreams_37_And if you want to improve
37、your chances of having a creative idea whileyoure daydreaming, try to do it while you are involved in another taskpreferably somethingsimple, like taking a shower or walking, or even making meaningless drawings Its also importantto know how to avoid daydreams for those times when you really need toc
38、oncerntrate “Mindfulness”, being focused, is a tool that some people use to avoid fallingasleep_38_Finally, you never know what wonderful idea might strike while your mind hasmoved slowly away _39_Always remember that your best ideas might come when your headis actually in the cloudsA. Having intere
39、sting things to think about also helpsB. They stare off into space and wander by themselvesC. Without wandering minds, we wouldnt have relativity , Coke or Post-it notesD. At one time, daydreaming was thought to be a cause of some mental illnessesE. It involves slow, steady breathing for self-contro
40、l that helps people stay calm and attentiveF. Daydreams are often very simple and direct, quite unlike sleep dreams, which may be hard tounderstandG. Therefore, its a good idea to keep a notebook or voice recorder nearby when youre in thedaydream zone参考答案北京市中国人民大学附属中学 2021-2022 学年高二上学期期中考试英语试题【答案】45
41、. D46. G47. E48.A49. B【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。讲述了可以从动物的身体中看出来全球变暖的影响。【45 题详解】上文“For humans, adapting to climate change will mostly be a matter of technology. More airconditioning, better-designed houses and bigger flood defences may help mitigate the effects of awarm world. (对人类来说，适应气候变化将主要是技术问题。更多的空调、更好设计的
42、房屋和更大的防洪系统可能有助于缓解全球变暖的影响。)”说明人类要适应气候变化依靠的是科学技术，选项 D “动物将不得不依靠改变它们的身体或行为（去适应） 。”承接上文，说明和人类不同，动物要适应气候变化就只能依靠它们的身体和行为。上下文通顺合理。故选D 项。【46 题详解】上 文 “Allens rule, named for Joel Asaph Allen, who suggested it in 1877, holds thatwarm-blooded-animals in hot places tend to have larger appendages (附 属 物) than th
43、ose in lesshot regions. (艾伦法则是以 Joel Asaph Allen 的名字命名的，他在 1877 年提出了这一法则，认为在炎热地区的温血动物往往比在不那么炎热地区的动物有更大的附属物。)”说明炎热地区的温血动物往往长有更大的附属物，这是动物对气候的一种适应，选项 G“这种适应性提高了动物相对于其身体体积的表面积， 帮助它释放多余的热量。 ”解释了这种现象的产生原因。下文“For example, Fennec foxes, which are native to the Sahara desert, havestrikingly large ears, espec
44、ially compared with their Arctic cousins.(原产于撒哈拉沙漠的芬内克狐狸耳朵大得惊人，尤其是与它们的北极近亲相比。)”举例说明动物的这种适应性。上下文通顺合理。故选 G 项。【47 题详解】下文“All sorts of other factors, from changes in prey to the evolving reproductive preferences ofmales or females, might possibly have been driving the changes. (所有其他因素，从猎物的变化到雄性或雌性不断进化的生
45、殖偏好，都可能推动了这种变化。)”说明所有其他因素也可能推动这些解剖变化，选项 E“但是很难证明气候变化是解剖结构变化的原因。”说明只靠气候变化这一因素难以证明解剖结构变化。上下文通顺合理。故选 E 项。【48 题详解】下文“Researchers have already seen changes in the geographical range of many species, frominsects to fish. Another evolutionary rule-of-thumb, Bergmanns rule, holds that animals in hotterplace
46、s tend to have smaller bodies, another way to boost the ratio between surface area andvolume. Other animals may alter their behaviour as well as their bodies, such as by seeking shelterat hot times of the day. (研究人员已经发现，从昆虫到鱼类，许多物种的地理范围都发生了变化。另一个进化的经验法则，伯格曼法则，认为在更热的地方的动物往往有更小的身体，这是另一种提高表面积和体积比率的方法。
47、其他动物可能会改变它们的行为和它们的身体， 比如通过在一天的炎热时间寻求庇护。)”讲述了另外的一些适应方式，选项 A“还有其他的适应方式。”位于段首，概括说明本段介绍其他的适应方式。上下文通顺合理。故选 A 项。【49 题详解】上文“But it seems clear that the world of the future is not just going to be hotter than humans areused to. (但很显然，未来的世界不仅仅会比人类习惯的更热。)”说明在未来的世界里，人类要面对许多气候变化问题，选项 B“生活在里面的动物看起来也会不一样。”承接上文，说明
48、，对比人类，生活在未来世界的动物也会发生变化。故选 B 项。北京市昌平区实验学校 2021-2022 学年高二上学期期中考试英语试卷【答案】【答案】41D42A43G44B45F【分析】这是一篇说明文。越来越多的证据表明，阅读不仅仅是为了娱乐，或者仅仅是提高读写能力和事实知识的一种方式， 阅读还对身心健康也有好处。 文章主要说明了阅读对人产生的一些积极作用。41根据上文“But theres increasing evidence that reading isnt just for pleasure, or merely a way ofimproving literacy skills a
49、nd factual knowledge.(但越来越多的证据表明，阅读不仅仅是为了娱乐，或者仅仅是提高读写能力和事实知识的一种方式)”结合后文主要说明了阅读对人身心所产生的好处，且上文中 reading 可对应到 D 选项中 it。故 D 选项“事实上，它可能对我们的身心健康也有好处”符合语境，故选 D。42根据上文“Firstly, reading helps to lengthen attention spans in children and improves their abilityto think clearly.(首先，阅读有助于延长孩子的注意力，提高他们清晰思考的能力)”以及后
50、文“It is essential to learn this skill as a small child. The more they do it, the better they get at it.(从小学习这项技能是很重要的。他们做得越多，做得就越好)”可知，本句为过渡句，承接上文具体说明阅读是如何提高思考能力的，且上文中 improves their ability to think clearly 可对应到 A 选项中 encourages their brains to think。故 A 选项“故事有一个结构，鼓励他们的大脑按顺序思考，把原因、结果和意义联系起来”符合语境，故
