1、1. extreme n&adj.n. 极端 Their communication systems are inefficient_.ladj. 极端的；极其的 extreme weatherladv. extremelyThe professors advice is _ important to me.in the extremeextremely2. strive vt.努力；奋斗battlestrugglefightfor/againstwith sb3. entry n.条目；进入（动作）The students were astonished by the sudden _ of
2、 their teacher.enter v. Mr. Li enters the room, _ his dog.Mr. Li enters the room, _ his dog.l entrance n. the entrance to/of the museuml出口 _ 紧急出口entryfollowingfollowed byemergency exit4. academic adj. 学术的 academy n. 专科院校；研究院 the Royal Academy of Arts 皇家艺术学会l institute n.机构，研究院 5. ruin v.毁坏 & n. 毁坏，废
3、墟v.The _ in the leg has ruined the _ of the competitor. 腿上的伤毁了这个选手的职业生涯。n. He was _ （绝望的）to find that his hometown lay in ruins after the flood.injurycareerdesperatehopeless /6. skip v. 跳（过） skipped, skippingskip breakfast 不吃早饭skip school/class 逃学/逃课skip (rope) in the playground 跳绳他缺乏学习动机，经常逃课。He _
4、for study and often skips class.lacks motivation7. defensive adj. 自我防卫的defence/ defense n. 防御 soldiers who died in defence of their country=sacrifice (their lives for the country) n.& v. 牺牲defend v. 防御 defend themselves against/from knife attackfence 8. be left with 剩有；被留给leave sb. with sth. 将sth留给s
5、b.leave sb. alone 不去打扰/不过问sb.leave.behind 把.抛在后面leave for sp. 动身去.leave out 漏掉；不包括；不提及 He is so absorbed in the details that he _ the main content.left out9. element n. 元素；要素factor n. 因素；要素 We need to preserve（保存/保护） the element of nature/its original features. Cost was a _ element in our decision.
6、关键因素key10. hire v. 租用；雇用1. =rent hire sth out 把.租出去2.=employ hire oneself out (to sb) 受雇于 hire sb to do sth 雇佣某人做. fire v. 炒鱿鱼11. boil down to sth. 归结为；要点是boiling water 正在沸腾的水boiled water 沸腾过的水boil over 沸腾溢出 It may all boil down to a _. 这一切都可以归结为一场误会。misunderstanding12. stay in 待在家里stay up stay awak
7、e stay healthy=keep 保持13. length n.长度long-length-lengthen (adj-n-v)wide-width-widenhigh-height-heightendeep-depth-deepenstrong-strength-strengthen Altogether Dolly lived six and a half years, half the length of the life of the original sheep.14. apply oneself to（doing) sth 专心致志于apply to do sth 申请做某事
8、apply (to sb) for sth (向某人）申请某物apply A to B 把A应用于B （to是介词）把理论运用到实践中去apply theory to practice The applicant was over the _(年龄限制） and as a result, her application _（被拒绝了）.age limitwas rejected15. set sb/sth apart (from) 使与众不同set aside 留出；把.放在一边take apart 拆开fall apart 破碎；裂开tell apart 区分开apart from 除了 s
9、et aside some money for repairs Lets set aside my personal feelings for now.16. average adj.&n.average rainfallpeoples average incomeon average 平均来看an average of 平均.above/ below average 高于/低于平均水平17. triathlete n. 铁人三项运动员triathlon n. 三项全能运动18. countless adj. 无数的 uncountable19. selfish adj. 自私的 selfle
10、ss adj. 无私的20. intense adj. 十分强烈的 extreme cold intensity of light 光的强度 n.强度1. 倒装完全倒装： Here comes the bus. 主谓倒装部分倒装：助动词提前 Not only did he turn up late, but he also forgot his books.Not only is he interested in painting, but he also teaches his son how to draw. 1. 部分倒装 You are late. So am I. be/do/情/h
11、ave(助）+主 (参照一般疑问句）Eg: The computer was used in teaching. As a consequence, not only _(节省老师的精力），but _（学生变得更感兴趣) in the lesson.was teachers energy savedstudents became more interested1. 部分倒装It not only saved teachers energy, but let students become interested in the lesson.Not only did it saved teache
12、rs energy, but .2. I could have become angry or defensive. 虚拟语气：本能/会/应该做但没做 could have doneshould have done推测：对过去的肯/否定推测would have donemust have donecouldnt have done2. 情+have done 表虚拟/推测Eg.The moster _ (appear), for there are some claw marks on the ground.I could have done the work better if _(give
13、) more time.省略句：当主从句主语一致，且有连词(when/if/while.)，可以省略从句的主语和be动词，变成 ”连+非谓语” 的结构givenmust have appeared省略After _ （follow) by the dog, I managed to escape.followed3. Call it unhealthy if you want, but that is the way I roll, no matter what it is Im applying myself to.no matter +疑问词=疑问词ever 无论. whatever/wh
14、ichever/whoever/wherevereg: No matter _ carefully I explained, she still didnt understand.无论明星们去哪里，都有很多粉丝等着见他们。howWherever the stars go, there are crowds of fans waiting to see them.there be + n/pron(代） + 非谓语VThere are some photoes taken in the wedding.There is a new airport to be built.4. doingv+doing: enjoying/avoid/imagine/delay/postpone/appreciate/risk.its no good/use doingv-ing做主语
