1、1. Between 1405 and 1433, on behalf of the Ming Dynasty, Zheng He made a total of seven voyages.1405年到年到1433年期间，郑和年期间，郑和代表明朝共代表明朝共进行了七次航行进行了七次航行。(1) on behalf of sb = on sb.s behalf: as a representative 代表代表某人，作为某人的某人，作为某人的代言人。代言人。eg Mr. Jones cannot be here, so his wife will accept the prize on his
2、 behalf.琼斯先生无法到场，因此由他夫人代他领奖琼斯先生无法到场，因此由他夫人代他领奖。on/in sb.s behalfon/in behalf of sb. 以某人的名义；为了某人；代表以某人的名义；为了某人；代表某人某人for the benefit of 为了为了的利益的利益(好处好处)in the interest of 为了为了的利益；符合的利益；符合的利益的利益stand for/represent 代表代表【归纳拓展归纳拓展】【语境应用语境应用】单句语法填空。单句语法填空。1) The President cant be here today, so Im going t
3、o speak in _ behalf.2) _ behalf of our company, I would like to hereby express to you our heartfelt thanks.hisOn/In(2) a total of: number or amount总数为总数为，后面常接含有数量后面常接含有数量的名词的名词。eg The school has a total of 1,776 pupils.这所学校总计有这所学校总计有1776名小学生。名小学生。A total of thirteen meetings were held to discuss the
4、 issue.共举行了共举行了13次会议来讨论这个问题次会议来讨论这个问题。(1) a total of. 总共；总共；的总数的总数in totalin all 总计；总计；总共总共(2) total v. 总数总数为，总共为，总共为为totaladd up toamount to 总计总计(3) totally adv. 完全地；整个完全地；整个地地【归纳拓展归纳拓展】【语境应用语境应用】单句语法填空。单句语法填空。1) A total _ 27 activities allow visitors to have an unforgettable experience. 2) There w
5、ere about 30 people _ total.3) The companys exports _ (total) $1 million last year.4) Her husband was _ (total) astonished by the unexpected visit.ofintotal(l)edtotally2. His ships were loaded with china, silk, tea and other treasures as gifts for foreign rulers, and the fleet paid friendly visits t
6、o more than 30 countries and regions.他的船满载瓷器、丝绸、茶叶和其他奇珍异宝作为馈赠异邦他的船满载瓷器、丝绸、茶叶和其他奇珍异宝作为馈赠异邦君王的礼品。船队先后对君王的礼品。船队先后对30多个国家和地区进行友好访问。多个国家和地区进行友好访问。load vt.& vi. To put a large quantity of things or people onto or into something 装上，装入装上，装入eg The train was loaded with coal from the nearby coal mines.这列火车装满了
7、来自附近煤矿的煤。这列火车装满了来自附近煤矿的煤。Jack loaded all the groceries into his car.杰克把所有的食品杂货装进了他的汽车。杰克把所有的食品杂货装进了他的汽车。 n. something that is being carried (usually in large amounts) by a person, vehicle, etc 负载负载 quantity that can be carried, eg by a vehicle 承载承载量量 plenty (of sth) 大量大量eg These plastic bags are tou
8、gh enough to carry heavy loads.这些塑料袋足够结实能装重物。这些塑料袋足够结实能装重物。The maximum load for this elevator is eight persons.这部这部电梯的最大载客量为八人。电梯的最大载客量为八人。Have you got any change? Loads! 你你有零钱吗有零钱吗? 有的是有的是!3. Zheng Hes efforts helped develop and strengthen harmonious relations with these countries and regions, 郑和的努
9、力有助于发展和巩固中国与这些国家和地区的和郑和的努力有助于发展和巩固中国与这些国家和地区的和睦关系，睦关系，strengthen vt. to make something stronger or more effective, or to become stronger or more effective 加强加强, 巩固巩固vi. to become physically stronger 变强变强eg The company hopes to strengthen its links with the local community.这家公司希望加强和当地社区的联系。这家公司希望加强和当
10、地社区的联系。Swimming is good exercise, which can strengthen all the muscles of the body.游泳是有益的运动，它能强健全身各处肌肉。游泳是有益的运动，它能强健全身各处肌肉。strengthen=strength (力量力量)+en(后缀后缀-en常用来构成常用来构成动词，表示动词，表示“使使”)类似构词方式的词：类似构词方式的词：length 长度长度 lengthen (使使)变变长长strong adj. 强大的；结实的；有体力的强大的；结实的；有体力的 strength n. 力量；力气力量；力气【归纳拓展归纳拓展
11、】【语境应用语境应用】把下列句子翻译成英语。把下列句子翻译成英语。1) 大家都认为有必要加固这座桥。大家都认为有必要加固这座桥。_2) 我已经开始游泳，以此来增强上身的力量。我已经开始游泳，以此来增强上身的力量。_3) 随着夏天的临近，白昼变得越来越长。随着夏天的临近，白昼变得越来越长。_All the people think it necessary to strengthen the bridge.Ive started swimming to strengthen my upper body.The days lengthened as summer approached.4. For
12、 many years, some historians dismissed the records of these voyages as legends.多年来，一些多年来，一些历史学家认为这些航海活动的记载只是传说而历史学家认为这些航海活动的记载只是传说而不予不予理会理会。dismiss vt. consider sb/sth not worth thinking or talking about 不予不予考虑考虑，对，对不屑一提不屑一提 to decide that something or someone is not important and not worth consider
13、ing去除，摒除去除，摒除 remove sb (an employee) from a position 解雇解雇 to formally ask or order someone to leave 解散解散dismiss sth as 以以为由不予考虑某为由不予考虑某事事eg We can safely dismiss what he said as lies.我们大可以把他的话当成谎话不予理会。我们大可以把他的话当成谎话不予理会。He just laughed and dismissed my proposal as unrealistic.他只是一笑置之，认为我的建议不切实际而不予考虑
14、他只是一笑置之，认为我的建议不切实际而不予考虑。【语境应用语境应用】翻译句子。翻译句子。1) Dismissing small talk as unimportant is easy, but we cant forget that deep relationships wouldnt even exist if it werent for casual conversation._2) Either you improve your work, or I shall dismiss you. _在我在我1313岁生日那天，我妈妈送给我一个刻着我名字首字母岁生日那天，我妈妈送给我一个刻着我名字
15、首字母的图章的图章戒指。戒指。要么你改进工作，要么我就解雇你。要么你改进工作，要么我就解雇你。5. Zheng Hes accomplishments are now widely acknowledged, and he is remembered as one of Chinas most influential explorers.郑和的郑和的成就在今天获得广泛成就在今天获得广泛认可，他也作为中国最具有影响力认可，他也作为中国最具有影响力的探险家之一被世人铭记的探险家之一被世人铭记。acknowledge vt. to recognize as being valid or having
16、 force or power. 承认承认(权威、地位权威、地位) accept the truth of (sth); admit (sth) 承认承认(属实属实)express thanks for (sth) (公开公开)感谢感谢acknowledge sb/sth as 承认承认某人或某物为某人或某物为eg He is widely acknowledged as one of the worlds greatest architects.他被公认为是世界上最伟大的建筑师之一。他被公认为是世界上最伟大的建筑师之一。In 1932 De Valera was elected as Pri
17、me Minister, and was acknowledged as leader of the Irish people.1932年，德瓦莱拉当选为总理，被公认为爱尔兰人民年，德瓦莱拉当选为总理，被公认为爱尔兰人民的领袖的领袖。【语境应用语境应用】翻译下面句子。翻译下面句子。1) 她被公认为是全国最好的艺术家之一。她被公认为是全国最好的艺术家之一。_2) 她是不会承认这台机器有问题的。她是不会承认这台机器有问题的。_3) 收到我的礼物之后请告知。收到我的礼物之后请告知。_4) 我昨天碰到露西了，但她没和我打招呼。我昨天碰到露西了，但她没和我打招呼。_She is acknowledged
18、 to be / as one of the best artists in the country.She wont / will never acknowledge that there is something wrong with the machine.Please acknowledge my present.I met Lucy yesterday, but she didnt acknowledge me.6. Columbus insisted on searching for a direct sea route to the East Indies by sailing
19、across the Atlantic Ocean.哥伦布决心横渡大西洋，开辟一条直通东印度群岛的航线。哥伦布决心横渡大西洋，开辟一条直通东印度群岛的航线。insist vi. & vt. to state or demand forcefully, especially despite opposition 坚决要求；坚持说坚决要求；坚持说 to demand something and refuse to be persuaded to accept anything else 坚持坚持insist on doing sth.坚决主张做某坚决主张做某事事insist that + sb.
20、+ (should) do sth.坚持或坚决要求坚持或坚决要求（宾语（宾语从句从句中用虚拟语气，中用虚拟语气，should可以省略可以省略）insist that + sb. + do sth. 坚持坚持认为或说（宾语从句认为或说（宾语从句中的时态与主句保持一致，且事情一般都已经发生中的时态与主句保持一致，且事情一般都已经发生）【归纳拓展归纳拓展】eg She insists on playing the guitar when I want to have a rest.我想休息一下的时候，她一定要弹吉他。我想休息一下的时候，她一定要弹吉他。We insist on the highest
21、 standards of cleanliness in the restaurant.我们坚持餐厅要达到最高的清洁标准。我们坚持餐厅要达到最高的清洁标准。He insisted that the window was broken by the boys who were playing football outdoors.他坚持说窗户是那些在户外踢足球的男孩打破他坚持说窗户是那些在户外踢足球的男孩打破的。的。【联想联想】 suggest doing sth.提议做某事；提议做某事； suggest that + sb. + (should) do sth.建议建议/提议做某事（宾提议做某事
22、（宾语从句中用虚拟语气，语从句中用虚拟语气，should可以省略）；可以省略）； suggest that + sb. + do sth.表明或暗示表明或暗示（宾语从句中（宾语从句中的时态可根据所描述的事情而定）。的时态可根据所描述的事情而定）。 eg The expression on her face suggested that she was satisfied with what we did.7. Regardless of all the challenges, Columbus managed to keep everyone out of danger with his kn
23、owledge and bravery across the ocean.哥伦布不顾所有的挑战，凭借自己的知识和勇气，确保哥伦布不顾所有的挑战，凭借自己的知识和勇气，确保大家都平安越过海洋。大家都平安越过海洋。regardless of： in spite of 不管不管 with no heed to不顾不顾 without taking into account 不考虑不考虑eg The club takes in members regardless of age.俱乐部吸纳会员时不分年龄俱乐部吸纳会员时不分年龄。As a result, I paid full attention to
24、 huge amounts of practice, regardless of repeated mistakes.因此，我把全部注意力放在了大量的练习上，而不去理会因此，我把全部注意力放在了大量的练习上，而不去理会重复的错误。重复的错误。The law requires equal treatment for all, regardless of race, religion, or sex.法律要求平等对待所有人，不分种族、宗教或性别法律要求平等对待所有人，不分种族、宗教或性别。(1) 表示表示“转转”的的常用过渡词语：常用过渡词语：but, yet, however, while, o
25、therwise, or (else), on the contrary, on the other hand, in any case, though, although, as, even if/though, despite, in spite of, regardless of 等等。(2) 表示表示“转转”的的常用句型：常用句型： But for me, I would never.； However, it is a pity that.等等。【归纳拓展归纳拓展】regardless of强调不认为强调不认为重要重要, 从而不加以重从而不加以重视或考虑视或考虑; 其后可接其后可接w
26、hether, what引引导的从句导的从句despite/in spite of意为意为“尽管尽管但是但是”；其后一般不；其后一般不接从句接从句, 接名词、代词或动名词。接名词、代词或动名词。regardless of/despite/in spite of 【语境应用语境应用】完成句子。完成句子。1) _ he is right or wrong, we have to follow his decision. 无论他是对还是错无论他是对还是错, 我们必须遵守他的决定。我们必须遵守他的决定。2) _ the previous rounds of talks, no agreement ha
27、s been reached so far by the two sides. 虽然经过了先前几轮的谈判，但是到目前虽然经过了先前几轮的谈判，但是到目前为止为止，双方没有达，双方没有达成共识。成共识。Regardless of Despite/In spite of8. This period also allowed for an international exchange of ideas and cultures.这个时期这个时期也实现了思想和文化的国际交流也实现了思想和文化的国际交流。allow for: to make (something) possible 使成为可能使成为可能
28、 take into consideration；make concession for考考虑到虑到 to think about or plan for (something that will or might happen in the future) 把把计算在内计算在内eg The design of the system allows for easy upgrades.有了这个系统设计，以后升级就容易有了这个系统设计，以后升级就容易了。了。It will take about two hours to get there, allowing for traffic jams.考虑
29、到交通堵塞，到那里大约需要两小时。考虑到交通堵塞，到那里大约需要两小时。You have to allow for a certain amount of error.你必须将一定量的误差考虑在内你必须将一定量的误差考虑在内。allow sb.to do sth. 允许某人做某允许某人做某事事allow doing sth. 允许做某事允许做某事allow sb.in/out 允许某人进入允许某人进入/出去出去allow sb. sth. allow sth. to sb. 让某人得到某让某人得到某物物【归纳拓展归纳拓展】【语境应用语境应用】用适当的形式填空。用适当的形式填空。1) The t
30、wins, who had finished their homework, _ (allow) to play badminton on the playground.2) “Im never allowed _ (have) friends come to the house? Why, Mum？” James asked sadly, almost in tears.were allowedto have9. The records show that the visitors were astonished by how rich and technologically advance
31、d the Ming Dynasty was.记录表明，来访者对明朝的富有和技术的先进感到很震惊记录表明，来访者对明朝的富有和技术的先进感到很震惊。astonish vt. surprise (sb) greatly 使使十分惊讶，十分惊讶，使吃惊使吃惊eg It astonished us that he could be so careless.他如此大意，令我们大吃一惊。他如此大意，令我们大吃一惊。It astonished him that she had changed so little.她变化这么小，使他感到吃惊她变化这么小，使他感到吃惊。astonished adj. 震惊的，
32、惊讶的，常与介词震惊的，惊讶的，常与介词at、动词不定式以、动词不定式以及及that引导的从句连用。引导的从句连用。eg The doctors were astonished at the speed of her recovery.医生很震惊她的恢复速度。医生很震惊她的恢复速度。I was astonished to see so many people here.我看到我看到这么多人在这么多人在这里这里很惊讶很惊讶。Claire seemed astonished that I should think such a thing.克莱尔似乎很惊讶，我竟然会这么克莱尔似乎很惊讶，我竟然会这
33、么想。想。astonishing adj. 令人惊讶的，惊人的令人惊讶的，惊人的eg Her first novel enjoyed an astonishing success.她的第一部小说取得了惊人的成功。她的第一部小说取得了惊人的成功。astonishment n. 震惊，惊讶震惊，惊讶eg To the astonishment of her colleagues, she resigned.使他的同事们惊讶的是，她竟然辞职了。使他的同事们惊讶的是，她竟然辞职了。 be astonished at/by sth. 对对感到惊讶感到惊讶 be astonished to do sth.
34、 因做某事感到惊讶因做某事感到惊讶 be astonished thatclause 因因而惊讶而惊讶 sb./sth. astonish sb. 某人某人/某物使某人惊讶某物使某人惊讶 what astonishes sb. is 令某人吃惊的是令某人吃惊的是 to ones astonishment 令某人吃惊的是令某人吃惊的是 in astonishment 吃惊地吃惊地【归纳拓展归纳拓展】【语境应用语境应用】用用astonish的适当形式填空。的适当形式填空。1) She _ us by saying she was leaving.2) My parents looked _ at my words.3) I find it absolutely _ that you dont like it.4) To my _, the door opened by itself.astonished astonishedastonishingastonishment
