1、Unit 2 Out of this worldReading ()Wordformation Compounding AffixationPrefixesSuffixes Conversion Clipping CompoundingAcompoundisafreshwordorexpressionmadeupoftwoormoreindependentwordschairman,salesman,cupboard,skydiving,breakthrough,broadcast,highlight,half-marathon,welfare,downtown,income,furtherm
2、ore,moreover,altogether,within,throughout,etc Compoundingbackseatapersonwhotriestodirectoradvisethedriverofavehicle,oftentoanannoyingdegree,figuratively“driving”fromthebackseatcreateanew,specificimage AffixationAffixationistheprocessofaddingamorphemetoawordtocreateeitheradifferentformofthatwordorane
3、wwordwithadifferentmeaning. AffixationThetwoprimarykindsofaffixationaddingprefixesandsuffixestorootwordsprefixessuffixes AffixationPrefixestypicallymaintainthewordclass(suchasnoun,verb,oradjective)ofthewordschangethemeaningsofthewordswiseunwise Affixationunintentionally,invaluable,replace,ensure;ext
4、end,restore,discount,across,arise,abnormal,contemporary,misunderstand,microscope,selfish,illegal,telescope,etc.un-in-re-en-a-ex-dis-con-micro-self-ab-il-il- AffixationSuffixestypicallychangethewordclassexploreexplorationmaintainthebasicmeaningsofthewords Affixationaccommodation,consumption,radiation
5、,administration,foundation,exposure,departure,astronomer,operator,merely;frequently,incredibly,meaning,surrounding,parking,moving,moved,neighbourhood,absence,maintenance,frequency,investment,coverage,assistant,dynamic,mechanic-orer-ture-sure-tion-ly-ing-ed-hood ConversionNewwordsareformedbychangingt
6、hegrammaticalfunctionsofoldwordsTurningnounsintoverbs:labourforcelabouronatask;putalabelonlabelwinebottles;industdustthefurniture;fiveinchesinchthecarforward;telephonewiresbewired;inorbitorbitedthemoon; Conversiontakesheltershelterfrom;inpanicpanicsb.into;bearrestedunderarrest;givemeahandhandmethebo
7、ok;bookaseatseatyourself;anursenursethepatient. ConversionTurningverbsintonouns:walkthedoggoforawalk;goswimminghaveaswim;buildalabamanofstrongbuild.Turningadjectivesintoverbs:dirtydesksdirtythedesks;betterconditionbetterthelivingcondition ClippingClippingsareshortenedformsofwords,suchasblog(shortfor
8、weblog),zoo(fromzoologicalgarden),andflu(frominfluenza).influenzaweblogblogfluFillineachblankwiththeproperformofthegivenword1.Thecompanyislookingfordynamicindividualstobe_(salesman).2.Intheopenclass,theteacher_(highlight)theimportantpointsandaskedthestudentstocopythem.1.salesmen2.highlighted Checkyo
9、urprogressFillineachblankwiththeproperformofthegivenword3.Thisyeartheyhaveintroducedthreenewproducts_(extend)theirbusinessrange.4.Beforetheguestscame,theysweptthefloor,_(dust)thefurnitureandkepteverythinginorder.3.toextend4.dusted CheckyourprogressFillineachblankwiththeproperformofthegivenword5.Wesh
10、ouldapplyadvancedexperienceaccordingtolocalconditionsandshouldntapplyit_(mechanic).6.Asthemountaineers_(inch)theirwaysupthemountain,theynoticedagroupofmountaingoats.5.mechanically6.inched CheckyourprogressFillineachblankwiththeproperformofthegivenword7.Knowledgecanproduceequallypowerfulwaystodestroylife,intentionallyand_(intention).8._(consume)ratherthansavinghasbecomethecentralfeatureofcontemporarysocieties.7.unintentionally8.Consumption CheckyourprogressWordformation Compounding AffixationPrefixesSuffixes Conversion Clipping
