1、Unit 4 Protecting our heritage sitesGrammar and usageAppositive clausesFind the sentences with appositive clauses in the article., but no one can deny the fact that they were constructed in 13th century BCE.They were constructed in 13th century BCE描述描述fact的内容的内容Could you find the sentences with appo
2、sitive clauses in the article?Exploring the rules , but no one can deny the fact that they were constructed in the 13th century BCE. they had no idea whether the temples could be saved from the rising waters. Some experts, however, had a feeling that it was possible. At first, they had no idea which
3、 way could work. There was no guarantee that it would work, Furthermore, the experts had no clue whether any parts of the temples would break during transport. , but we have the belief that we will need this kind of cooperation in heritage preservation.Exploring the rules , but no one can deny the f
4、act that they were constructed in the 13th century BCE. they had no idea whether the temples could be saved from the rising waters. Some experts, however, had a feeling that it was possible. At first, they had no idea which way could work. There was no guarantee that it would work, Furthermore, the
5、experts had no clue whether any parts of the temples would break during transport. , but we have the belief that we will need this kind of cooperation in heritage preservation.Could you find the sentences with appositive clauses in the article?Exploring the rulesWorking out the rules An appositive c
6、lause is usually placed after an abstract noun to explain its content. We often use (1) _, (2) _ or a question word to introduce an appositive clause. Nouns that can be followed by an appositive clause include fact, idea, news, opinion, etc. whetherthat 1. Their friend, Danny Lin, was waiting at the
7、 airport.2. Mr.Smith, our new teacher, is very kind to us.3. He told me that his brother John was a world-famous doctor.同位语同位语：对句子某一成分对句子某一成分( (名词名词) )作进一步作进一步解释、说明解释、说明，而在语法上和这一成分处于而在语法上和这一成分处于同一同一地位。地位。1.I heard the news that we would have two days off this week.2.There is some doubt whether he is
8、 fit for the job.3.The question what we should do next is not clear. 4.I have no idea where he has gone.5.She made a request that we should help her. Rule 1在复合句中，同位语从句跟在在复合句中，同位语从句跟在_词后面，词后面，并对其进行并对其进行_, 即该从句在复合句即该从句在复合句中充当中充当_语，语，意为意为“即即.”.”。名名解释说明解释说明同位同位1.I heard the news that we would have two d
9、ays off this week.2.There is some doubt whether he is fit for the job.3.The question what we should do next is not clear. 4.I have no idea where he has gone.5.She made a request that we should help her. Rule 2同位语从句说明的名词大多是同位语从句说明的名词大多是_。常见的可接同位。常见的可接同位语从句的名词有语从句的名词有:抽象名词抽象名词 news(word)新闻新闻/ doubt疑惑疑
10、惑/question /problem 问题问题 / idea想法想法 / request要求要求 /fact事实事实/reason 理由理由/thought想法想法/order 命令命令/hope希望希望/belief信念信念/message消息消息/possibility 可能性可能性/ danger 危险危险 / warning警告警告 / information 信息信息/ decision 决定决定/ truth 真相真相. Rule 3同位语从句的引导词同位语从句的引导词Usage of its Conjuctions 引导词的使用引导词的使用Conjunctions连接词Conj
11、unctive pronouns连接代词Conjunctive adverbs连接副词Meaning？意义Component？在从句所做成分that, whetherwhat, which, who, whom, whosewhen, where, how, whyDiscussion: Use conjunctions to fill the blank. 连接词连接词that, whether1)He told me the news _ he wouldcome home from abroad soon.2)She was in doubt _ she had made the rig
12、ht decision.3)The news came _ the national team won the game.thatwhetherthat同位语从句同位语从句可以不紧跟可以不紧跟在在其解释说明的名词后。其解释说明的名词后。小结：that : _ _意义、意义、_成分、成分、_省略，省略，只起连接作用只起连接作用whether: _ _意义、意义、_成分、成分、_省略省略无无不作不作不可不可有有不作不作不可不可只用只用whether引导引导,不用不用if。连接代词连接代词what, which, who, whom, whoseUse conjunctions to fill th
13、e blank. 1) The question _makes the matter worse puzzles me.2) I have no idea _my classmate is speaking with.3) I have no idea _ he has said about the matter.4) They had no idea _ time they were supposed to arrive. 5) He has some doubt _ one I should choose, the big one or the small one.6) She has n
14、o idea _ shoes it was. whatwho/whomwhatwhatwhichwhose小结：连接代词 _意义、_成分、_省略有有作作不可不可连接副词连接副词when, where, how, whyUse conjunctions to fill the blank. 1) You have no idea _ worried I was!2) He has solved the problem _ the TV was out of order.3) The couple are discussing the question _ they should have the
15、ir honeymoon next month.4) The decision _ they will leave for Beijing hasnt been made.howwhywhere/howwhen小结：连接副词 _意义、_成分、_省略有有作作不可不可2. 同位从同位从 v.s. 定从定从Group Work Identify the appositive clauses. 1. The news that he told me excited me.2. The news that we can have two days off this week excites me. 3.
16、 I had no idea when my parents would leave for Beijing.4. I remember the days when we studied together. 5. The news (that/which/省略) he told me surprised me. (定语从句)6. The news that he gave in surprised me. (同位语从句)定语从句：that作成分，从句不完整同位语从句：that不作成分，从句完整抽象名词同位语从句：解释说明； 定语从句：修饰同位语从句：that一般不能省略； 定语从句：常可省略。
17、Read and compare the following pair of sentences.The news that he told us at the meeting made us excited.The news that Mary would be promoted made us excited.In the first sentence, the restrictive relative clause “that he told us at the meeting” is used to modify the antecedent “the news”. The word
18、“that” is a relative pronoun, functioning as an object in the clause. In the second sentence, the appositive clause “that Mary would be promoted” is used to tell what “the news” is. The word “that” does not serve as any sentence element in the clause.1) Scientists have obtained more evidence _ plast
19、ic is finding its way into the human body. (2019江苏江苏) 2) The truth _ he was a thief made us surprised.3) The truth _ he got from the police made us surprised.A. which B. that C. / D. in which B Rule 3.3Choose the correct answer(s). ABCBThe Abu Simbel temples(阿布辛贝神殿;) in Egypre are thounsands of year
20、s old and it took decades to build them.There are divisions(分歧) among historians over when exactly the construction of the twin temples started, but no one can deny（否认） the fact that they were constructed in the 13th century BCE. In the mid-20th century, the temples were under serious threat（处于极大的威胁
21、）.The government had decided to build the Aswan High Dam（坝） on the Nile and this structure would cause water levels to rise, which could in turn flood（涌入） the Abu Simbel temples.This decision caused widespread concern among people around the world. They could not prevent the construction of the dam
22、they had no idea whether the temples could be saved from the rising waters.Some experts,however,had a feeling that it was possible. UNESCO put together an international team of architects（建筑师）, engineers and heavy equipment operators,who looked at different ways of savng the temples. At first,they h
23、ad no idea which way could work. Finally,they decided to try to take the temples apart, move their parts to a new location and then put them back together. There was no guarantee（保证） that it would work, since no one had attempted anything similar before. Furthermore, the experts had no clue whether
24、any parts of the temples would break during transport.However,the operation was carefully planned and the team eventually managed to relocate all of the Abu Simbel temples without incident.This success demonstrates（阐释） the power of international cooperation in times of crisis（危机）.It is difficult to
25、forecast（预测） what threatens（威胁） our heritage sites will face in the future, but we have the belief that we will need this kind of cooperation in heritage preservation（保护）.Chris meets with Miss Ma to discuss UNESCOs work related to heritage preservation. Complete the conversation below with proper li
26、nking words to form appositive clauses.Applying the rulesChris: Sorry to interrupt you, Miss Ma. Im writing an article about UNESCOs work on heritage preservation. Can you tell me something about it?Miss Ma: Sure. In 1972, the Convention Concerning the Protection of the World Cultural and Natural He
27、ritage was adopted by the General Conference of UNESCO.B2Read the sentences below and tick the one with appositive clauses.1 We have no doubt that UNESCO is trying to protect the heritage sites.2 This was the clue that helped the police find the man who had destroyed the ancient statues.对对doubt内容进行描
28、述内容进行描述代替代替clue3 Many people do not know the reason why this heritage site is threatened.4 There is no question whether we should protect our shared heritage - we simply have to.5 I want to plan my trip but I have no idea when the temples will open.why修饰修饰reason对对question内容进行描述内容进行描述对对idea内容进行描述内容进行
29、描述Applying the rules Chris is talking to her friend Jenny about a historic site in the city. In pairs, complete the conversation below using appositive clauses. Chris: I was upset that those ancient buildings were in such bad condition. Jenny: But didnt you hear the news (1) _? Chris: No, I didnt. T
30、hats great news! I have a dream (2) _ _. Jenny: Ill join you. After all, we have no idea (3) _ _.that they are being restoredable to visit this site when the repair work is overanother chance to visitthat Ill be when well getB3Chris meets with Miss Ma to discuss UNESCOs work related to heritage pres
31、ervation. Complete the conversation below with proper linking words to form appositive clauses.Chris: Sorry to interrupt you, Miss Ma. Im writing an article about UNESCOs work on heritage preservation. Can you tell me something about it? Miss Ma: Sure. In 1972, the Convention Concerning the Protecti
32、on of the World Cultural and Natural Heritage was adopted by the General Conference of UNESCO.Chris: But Ive heard some people have serious doubts _ the World Heritage Convention really helps. Miss Ma: Sure, it does. It links the concepts of nature conservation and the preservation of cultural prope
33、rties together. Apart from the Convention, the World Heritage Committee was established in 1976 and passed the motion _ we should protect our cultural and natural heritage sites.whetherthatChris: I see. Can you tell me what the World Heritage Committee does? Miss Ma: Of couse. For example, it votes
34、to determine which sites are to be listed as UNESCO heritages sites and monitors the state of conservation. Chris: Thats amazing. Is China one of the UNESCO States Parties? Miss Ma: Yes. Do you have any idea _ Chinese properties are on the World Heritage List?how manyChris: Yes, more than 50 now. Fo
35、r example, the Grand Canal, the worlds longest and oldest canal, was on the list in 2014. Ive heard the news _ certain heritage sites in China are under threat. Miss Ma: Youre right. The proposal _ we should raise public awareness of heritage protection is worth considering.thatthat1 There is some d
36、oubt _we can finish the work on time.2 I have no idea _ is to be done next.3 We were very excited at the news _ our football team won.4 Some researchers believe that there is no doubt _ a cure for AIDS will be found.5 Do you have any idea _is actually going on in the classroom? whether what that tha
37、t whatExercise 3:6 Along with the letter was his promise _ he would visit me this coming Christmas.7 There is a new problem involved in the popularity of private cars _ road conditions need to be improved.8 There is a feeling in me _ well never know what a UFO is -not ever.9 He put forward the sugge
38、stion _ the meeting should be put off.10 You can have no idea _ he said. that that that that what1. The idea _ computers will recognize human voices surprises many people.2. The possibility _ the majority of the labor force will work at home is often discussed.3. I have no idea _.(他去了哪里）他去了哪里）4. The
39、y are thinking about the question_(怎怎么能够赢得么能够赢得)the competition.5. Please tell us the truth _.(谁为我们做的谁为我们做的）thatthathow they could winwho did that for uswhere he has goneExercise 4:1. Go through the grammar notes on Page 96.2. Write a short paragraph to express your idea, suggestions or hope to protect a historic heritage site in your hometown with the help of appositive clauses. Homework
