1、2020 版新牛津译林版选择性必修三 Unit4 Protecting our heritage sites课本 英汉对照1.ReadingHeritage in danger处境危险的遗产Welcome, everybody. Its wonderful to be here. Before we begin, I want to ask you: haveyou ever been awed by natural wonders? Have you ever been fascinated by human civilization? Ifso, you might already und
2、erstand why UNESCO is fighting to preserve sites of cultural and naturalimportance to mankind. I have the belief that some of you have heard about UNESCO heritagesites or maybe even visited one! There are currently around 1,100 sites in more than 160countries worldwide. Unfortunately, they face a va
3、riety of dangers and many of them are inurgent need of protection. Lets look at some specific issues.欢迎大家。很高兴来到这里。在我们开始之前，我想问你:你曾经对自然奇观感到敬畏吗?你曾经为人类文明而着迷吗?如果是这样， 你可能已经明白为什么联合国教科文组织要努力保护对人类具有重要意义的文化和自然遗迹。 我相信你们中的一些人听说过联合国教科文组织的遗产地， 或者甚至去过一个!目前， 该公司在全球 160 多个国家拥有约 1100 个站点。不幸的是， 他们面临着各种各样的危险， 其中许多人迫切需要
4、保护。 让我们看一些具体问题。Heritage sites are at risk from natural forces. The long-term natural forces, such as wind,water and temperature, can gradually wear down heritage sites. For instance, the Great Pyramidof Giza is now several metres shorter than it was originally. Natural disasters, the sudden andpower
5、ful natural forces, can lead to the destruction of heritage sites: in 2003, a terribleearthquake shook south-eastern Iran and ruined large parts of the city of Bam, an incredibleUNESCO cultural heritage site.遗址受到自然力量的威胁。长期的自然力量，如风、水和温度，会逐渐磨损古迹。例如，吉萨大金字塔现在比原来矮了几米。自然灾害，即突然而强大的自然力量，可以导致遗址的破坏:2003 年，伊朗东
6、南部发生了一场可怕的地震，摧毁了巴姆市的大部分地区，巴姆市是联合国教科文组织令人难以置信的文化遗址。Another big danger is human activities. Wars can cause a great deal of damage to bothcultural and natural heritage sites. Sometimes, amazing ancient clay sculptures and buildings areaccidentally destroyed by missile attacks during periods of violence
7、. In some conflict areas wherecivil wars often break out, fighters have even destroyed heritage sites on purpose.另一个大的危险是人类活动。战争会对文化和自然遗产造成很大的破坏。有时，令人惊叹的古代泥塑和建筑在暴力期间被导弹袭击意外摧毁。在一些内战经常爆发的冲突地区，武装分子甚至故意破坏遗址。Meanwhile,World Heritage status may give rise to a series of problems. One of theproblems is the
8、flood of tourists. Millions of tourists travel to UNESCO World Heritage Sites everyyear, so it is only natural that the sites suffer a bit of wear and tear. The temples of Angkor inCambodia are typical examples of unique architecture. Every day, thousands of tourists climbingup the narrow stone step
9、s are wearing down these ancient buildings and the long-termconsequences could lead to irreparable destruction of the internal structure.同时，世界遗产的地位也会带来一系列的问题。问题之一是游客的大量涌入。每年有数百万游客前往联合国教科文组织的世界遗产地旅游， 所以这些遗址遭受一点磨损是很自然的。柬埔寨吴哥窟的庙宇是独特建筑的典型代表。每天，成千上万的游客爬上狭窄的石阶，侵蚀着这些古老的建筑，长期的后果可能导致内部结构的不可修复的破坏。Due to human
10、 population growth, the demand for production and consumption of goodsincreases. Widespread development puts our cultural and natural heritage sites in danger. Manyheritage sites are even at risk of being lost forever. Take the Historic Centre of Vienna in Austria asan example. The city has been rec
11、ognized as the musical capital of Europe since the 16th century,home to the likes of Mozart and Beethoven. It is now on the List of World Heritage in Danger dueto high-rise construction projects in central Vienna.由于人口的增长， 对商品生产和消费的需求增加。 广泛的发展使我们的文化和自然遗产处于危险之中。 许多文化遗产甚至面临着永远消失的危险。 以奥地利维也纳历史中心为例。自 16
12、世纪以来，这座城市一直被认为是欧洲的音乐之都，是莫扎特和贝多芬等人的故乡。由于维也纳中部的高层建筑项目，它现在被列入濒危世界遗产名录。Such dangers can have disastrous outcomes not only for the sites themselves, but also forpeople. For instance, the Great Barrier Reef off the north-east coast of Australia is a naturalheritage site in danger. Due to high seawater tem
13、peratures caused by global warming, a largeamount of coral is killed and parts of the reef are seriously affected, which harms its fragilenatural ecology. As well as being home to a wide diversity of ocean species, the reef can boosttourism and fishing in the local area, providing many job opportuni
14、ties. It also helps protect thecoastline against waves and floods. If the reef disappears, many peoples lives and possibly eventheir homes will suffer greatly.这样的危险不仅会给遗址本身带来灾难性的后果， 也会给人们带来灾难性的后果。 例如，澳大利亚东北海岸的大堡礁是濒危的自然遗产。由于全球变暖导致海水温度升高，大量珊瑚死亡，部分珊瑚礁受到严重影响，破坏了其脆弱的自然生态。大堡礁不仅是多种海洋物种的家园，还能促进当地的旅游业和渔业，提供许
15、多就业机会。它还有助于保护海岸线免受海浪和洪水的侵袭。如果珊瑚礁消失了，许多人的生活，甚至他们的家园都会受到很大的影响。Heritage protection is at the top of the agenda for the benefit of all mankind.The more weacknowledge the outstanding universal value of our heritage sites, the more likely we are to treatthem with respect. These sites are the great wonders
16、 of our world and tell the story of humancivilization. We all share a joint responsibility to protect and preserve them, not just for ourselves,but for future generations. If your heart breaks like mine at the thought of our irreplaceableheritage being lost forever, please take action. If youre inte
17、rested, please look at our website andparticipate in any way you can! Thank you.保护遗产是全人类利益的首要议程。 我们越是承认我们的遗产所具有的突出的普遍价值，我们就越有可能尊重它们。这些遗址是我们世界的伟大奇观，讲述着人类文明的故事。我们都有共同的责任来保护和保存它们，不仅是为了我们自己，也是为了子孙后代。如果你和我一样为我们无可替代的遗产将永远失去而心碎，请采取行动。如果您感兴趣，请浏览我们的网站，并以任何方式参与!谢谢你！2. Integrated skillsThe value of our heritag
18、e我们遗产的价值There are certain things on the Earth that we must not lose. The great animal migrationacrossthe plains of the Serengeti or the towering pyramids of Egypt are such examples. Everycountry can be proud of its cultural or natural heritage sites, which must be protected, so that wecan enjoy them
19、 today and allow future generations to know where they come from. We are luckyto have UNESCO to oversee such an important task. It sees heritage as“our legacy from the past,what we live with today, and what we pass on to future generations as well as “irreplaceablesources of life and inspiration.地球上
20、有些东西是我们不能失去的。 穿越塞伦盖蒂平原的大规模动物迁徙或埃及高耸的金字塔就是这样的例子。 每个国家都可以为自己的文化或自然遗产感到自豪， 这些遗产必须得到保护，以便我们今天就可以享受它们，并让后代知道它们来自哪里。我们很幸运能有教科文组织来监督这一重要任务。它将遗产视为“我们过去的遗产，我们今天生活的东西，以及我们传给后代的东西”，以及“生命和灵感不可替代的来源”。The incredible splendour of heritage sites is a reminder of the power of nature and thegenius of man. As a nation
21、al park and nature reserve, Jiuzhaigou Valley, just north of the SichuanBasin, is home to mighty snow-capped mountains, thick forests alive with wildlife, impressivewaterfalls and lakes so blue that they take our breath away. This dreamlike scenery makes usrealize that nature has truly created a mas
22、terpiece. Similarly, standing in the shadow of theBorobudur Temple, as the sun rises over this grand historic building, we are impressed with theeffort, determination and intense belief of the people who built it with only primitive tools. It is inplaces like these that we cannot help but be humbled
23、, come to understand our limitations ashuman beings, and know that our duty is to protect them for future generations. Heritage sitesnot only often provide answers to questions, but also often pose questions to which there are nodefinitive answers at the moment. They do, however, provide us with opp
24、ortunities to wonder, tobe inspired and to think more deeply about our time on the Earth. As Cicero remarked, “To beignorant of what occurred before you were born is to remain always a child.”遗址的壮观令人难以置信， 提醒着人们自然的力量和人类的天才。 作为一个国家公园和自然保护区，九寨沟，就在四川盆地的北部，是巨大的积雪覆盖的山脉，茂密的森林，野生动物的生活， 令人印象深刻的瀑布和湖泊是如此令人惊叹的蓝
25、色。 这梦幻般的景色让我们意识到，大自然真的创造了一幅杰作。同样，站在婆罗浮屠寺的阴影下，当太阳从这座宏伟的历史建筑上冉冉升起时， 我们对只用原始工具建造它的人们的努力、 决心和强烈的信仰留下了深刻的印象。正是在这样的地方，我们不禁感到谦卑，认识到我们作为人类的局限性，并认识到我们的责任是为子孙后代保护这些局限性。 遗产地不仅经常提供问题的答案， 而且经常提出一些目前没有明确答案的问题。然而，它们确实为我们提供了好奇、启发和更深入地思考我们在地球上的时代的机会。正如西塞罗所说:“对出生前发生的事情一无所知，那就永远只是个孩子。”3. Extended readingFollowing the
26、silk road重走丝绸之路Covering vast distances and an astonishing variety of landscapes,the Silk Road was anetwork of ancient trade routes that extended from East Asia all the way to the Mediterranean. Akey section of the extensive Silk Road network is the Changan Tianshan Corridor, which stretchesover a di
27、stance of around 5,000 kilometres through China,Kazakhstan and Kyrgyzstan, covering atotal of 8,700 kilometres of trade routes. The three countries jointly pursued an application forUNESCO World Heritage status. They submitted the proposal which contained detailed researchon the 33 sites along the c
28、orridor. This made history in its own way as the first successfulmultinational World Heritage application-and it seems to be only the beginning of the road forthe Silk Road, as other countries are also planning World Heritage applications for other sectionsof the network.丝绸之路跨越了遥远的距离，沿途风景各异，它是古代贸易路线
29、的网络，从东亚一直延伸到地中海。丝绸之路网络的一个关键部分是长安天山走廊，穿越中国、哈萨克斯坦和吉尔吉斯斯坦，全长约 5000 公里，共覆盖 8700 公里的贸易路线。三国共同申请联合国教科文组织世界遗产。他们提交了建议，其中载有对走廊沿线 33 个场址的详细研究。这以自己的方式创造了历史，成为第一个成功申请世界遗产的跨国公司这似乎只是丝绸之路的开始，因为其他国家也在计划为网络的其他部分申请世界遗产。The starting point of the corridor and the entire Silk Road network is Changan(present-day Xian),
30、in Shaanxi Province of north-west China. It was famous as the capital of theHan and Tang Dynasties. Further west on the Silk Road, the geography gradually changes fromwild deserts to high, snow-capped mountains to vast grasslands as the routes pass through thesplendid Tianshan Mountains and emerge i
31、n the rolling valleys of Central Asia. Although theChangan-Tianshan Corridor ends here, the network continues westwards until it reaches themediterranean.这条走廊和整个丝绸之路网络的起点是长安(今西安)，位于中国西北部的陕西省。它是著名的汉唐都城。沿着丝绸之路再往西走，随着丝绸之路穿过壮丽的天山，出现在中亚起伏的山谷中，地理位置逐渐从荒无人烟的沙漠变成了白雪覆盖的高山，再变成了广袤的草原。虽然长安-天山走廊在此结束，但网络继续向西延伸，直到地
32、中海。The Silk Road began to develop in the 2nd century BCE. Assigned by the emperor, theambassador Zhang Qian journeyed from Changan to Central Asia, seeking to build bridgesbetween the Han Dynasty and the Western Regions. Following Zhangs efforts, trade routes tookshape and relationships were strengt
33、hened between the major powers of the time, with theroutes network reaching as far as the Roman Empire. The network expanded gradually, playing animportant role in world history between the 6th and 14th centuries, and remained in use untilthe 16th century.丝绸之路始于公元前 2 世纪。张骞奉皇帝之命，从长安出发前往中亚，寻求在汉朝和西域之间建
34、立桥梁。 在张骞的努力下， 贸易路线逐渐形成， 当时各大国之间的关系也得到加强，航线网络最远延伸到罗马帝国。网络逐渐扩大，在世界历史上发挥了重要作用，从 6 世纪到14 世纪，一直使用到 16 世纪。At the initial stage of the Silk Road development, silk was the main item in the trade listthanks to its light weight and high value. At its peak, many other items were contributed to themarketplace o
35、f goods. The routes were alive with strings of camels carrying loads of goods andtraders selling everything imaginable. Chinas exports included silk, china and tea, while horses,wool, cotton and grapes were all imported over vast distances along the network.在丝绸之路发展的初期，丝绸重量轻、价值高，是贸易清单上的主要项目。在它的鼎盛时期，许
36、多其他商品被贡献到商品市场中。这些路线充满了生机，一串串的骆驼驮着货物，商人们出售着一切可以想象得到的东西。中国的出口包括丝绸、瓷器和茶叶，而马、羊毛、棉花和葡萄都是沿着这个网络通过长途运输进口的。In addition to trade exchange, the network served as a bridge for cultural exchange whichshaped the evolution of science, art, technology and many other areas in societies along thenetwork. Astronomy a
37、nd mathematics were introduced to China from India and Arabia; in GansuProvince, the Mogao Caves, home to some of the finest examples of Buddhist art, reflected theeastward spread of Buddhism from India; important Chinese inventions such as paper-makingand printing were first 40 brought to the West
38、through the network.除了贸易交流，网络还充当了文化交流的桥梁，这些文化交流塑造了科学、艺术、技术和其他许多社会领域的发展。天文学和数学是从印度和阿拉伯传入中国的;在甘肃省，莫高窟是佛教艺术的一些最好的例子，反映了佛教从印度向东传播;中国重要的发明，如造纸和印刷，首先通过网络被带到西方。All of these activities contributed to a great age of expansion as trade and cultural exchangesgave people access to new goods, knowledge and ideas
39、. These amazingly long routes connectedEastern and Western civilizations, which achieved a shared development.In the modern age,through the Belt and Road Initiative, the Silk Road is once again connecting the countries alongthe ancient trade routes and promoting the exchanges of different civilizati
40、ons. The addition ofthe Changan Tianshan Corridor to the UNESCO World Heritage List is a milestone in recognitionof the Silk Road as a crucial part of humanitys common heritage.所有这些活动都促成了一个巨大的扩张时代， 因为贸易和文化交流让人们获得了新的商品、知识和思想。这条惊人的长路连接了东西方文明，实现了共同发展。到了现代，通过“一带一路”倡议，丝绸之路再次连接了古代贸易路线沿线国家，促进了不同文明的交流。长安天山走
41、廊被列入联合国教科文组织世界遗产名录， 是承认丝绸之路是人类共同遗产的重要组成部分的一个里程碑。4. WorkbookThe Imperial Tombs of Ming and Qing dynasties明清帝陵The Imperial Tombs of the Ming and Qing Dynasties are among the most extraordinarycultural remains to be found anywhere in the world. Most of the Ming tombs can be found in thenorth-west of Be
42、ijing in a place called Shisanling, which means “thirteen tombs in Chinese.Thirteen emperors of the Ming Dynasty were buried here, along with their wives and othermembers of the royal family. Of the 13 tombs, only Changling,Dingling and Zhaoling are open tothe public.明清帝陵是世界上发现的最非凡的文化遗迹之一。 大多数明十三陵位于
43、北京西北部一个叫十三陵的地方，意思是“十三陵”。明朝的 13 位皇帝都葬在这里，还有他们的妻子和其他皇室成员。在这 13 座古墓中，只有长陵、定陵和昭陵对公众开放。Along the Sacred Way, which leads to the tombs, you can see huge stone statues of 24animals and 12 officials. At the upper end of the Sacred Way is Changling, the largest of the Mingtombs in Beijing. Changling is consi
44、dered by many as the best preserved of the 13 tombs. It is inthe heart of Shisanling, with the other tombs placed on either side of it.沿着通往坟墓的神圣之路， 你可以看到 24 只动物和 12 位官员的巨大石像。 在神道的上端是长陵，北京最大的明十三陵。长陵被认为是 13 座古墓中保存最完好的。它位于十三陵的中心，其他的坟墓在它的两边。Adding to the extraordinary beauty of Changling is the Lingen P
45、alace, known for its simpledesign and painted ceiling. Many of the decorations are made of a precious type of wood nativeto China, and the floor is covered with so-called “gold bricks. The Qing Dynasty had 12 emperors,nine of whom were buried in the two groups of tombs in Hebei Province, not far fro
46、m Beijing. It isapparent that the Qing tombs are influenced by the Ming tombs, especially in terms ofarchitecture and the way they are placed among the surrounding mountains and valleys.为长岭增添非凡美感的是灵恩宫， 以其简洁的设计和彩绘天花板而闻名。 许多装饰品都是用中国特有的一种珍贵的木材制成的，地板上覆盖着所谓的“金”砖。清朝有 12 位皇帝，其中 9 位都葬在离北京不远的河北省的两组墓穴中。 很明显，
47、清十三陵受到了明十三陵的影响，尤其是在建筑方面，以及它们在周围山脉和山谷中的摆放方式。One group of the Qing tombs is called Dongling, in Zunhua, 125 kilometres east of Beijing.The tombs, which were built over a period of 247 years, take up 80 square kilometres. Buriedthere were the remains of five emperors, their wives and other royal family
48、 members. The othergroup of the Qing tombs is called Xiling. It sits about 100 kilometres to the west of Beijing, inYixian. Xiling contains the tombs of four of the Qing emperors.其中一组清墓被称为东陵，位于北京以东 125 公里的遵化。这些古墓的建造时间长达247 年，占地 80 平方公里。这里埋葬着五位皇帝、他们的妻子和其他皇室成员的遗体。另一组清墓被称为西陵。它位于北京以西约 100 公里的黟县。西陵有清朝四位皇
49、帝的陵墓。Preserving the Ming and Qing tombs has been given serious attention in recent decades.Although a number of tombs have survived with little damage, all have suffered at least someharm from centuries of rain, war, fire and theft. As a result, the government has strengthenedregulation to protect t
50、hese historic sites.In addition, getting these historic sites recognized by therest of the world is helpful in preserving and repairing them, as it stresses to everyone their greatvalue and importance. The Ming and Qing tombs have now been listed as UNESCO WorldHeritage Sites, which will help bring
