1、时态（8大时态）一般现在时，一般过去时，一般将来时现在进行时，现在完成时过去进行时，过去完成时，过去将来时1、 一般现在时（1） 基本用法：表示经常性的，习惯性的动作或状态。时间状语：always, usually, often, constantly（始终）, every day, once a week, sometimes, at times（有时）, seldom, never, now, at present, nowadays, today等He always goes to work by subwayIt often snows hereI work in a steel pl
2、ant now（2） 基本用法：表示主语现在的特征和状态Jerry loves musicHe is very happy nowWe are in Class One, Grade Two（3） 表示客观真理，客观存在的，科学事实The earth moves around the sunLight travels faster than sound（4） 按计划表，时刻表安排好的事情The plane takes off at 7:30 a.mThe shop closes at 11:00 pm todayWhen does the vacation begin?这种用法中，动词一般是表
3、示开始，结束，到达，离开等词。Begin, start, end, arrive, leave, take off, open, hold, close, stop（5） 主句是一般将来时，时间和条件状语从句用一般现在时表将来Ill go there after I finish my workI will stay with you so long as there is a room free（6） 在here, there开头的句子，go, come等少数动词的一般现在时表示正在发生的动作There goes the bell2、 一般过去时（1） 表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态
4、。时间状语：yesterday, the day before yesterday, just now, last night, in the pastHe offered his seat to an old manI went to bed at about ten last nightI was in Grade Two last term and now I am in Grade Three（2） 表示过去经常发生的动作或存在的状态She usually came to help us when she was hereTom was often late for class las
5、t termWhen I was a teenager, I played table tennis almost every day3、 一般将来时一般将来时表示将来要发生的动作或存在的状态。（1） will/shallwill用于各种人称，shall用于第一人称。It will soon be the New YearWill you be at home at seven this eveningWhich paragraph shall I read first?（2） be going to即将做某事What are you going to do tomorrow?计划，安排The
6、 play is going to be produced next month有迹象Look at the dark clouds. There is going to be a storm（3） be to do（是指人的任务或责任，人可以安排的）按计划或正在安排We are to discuss the report next SaturdayYou are to hand in your papers by 10oclock（4） be about to马上做某事 I am about to leave when the bell rings短语：be about to dowhen正
7、要做，这时I was about to go to bed when the telephone rang（5） be doing按计划即将发生He is moving to the south位移性动词：go, come, leave, arrive, stay4、 现在进行时（1） 表示说话时正在进行的动作We are having an English lesson nowWhat are you doing now?（2） 表示现阶段正在进行的动作How are you getting on with your essay these days?（3） 代替一般将来时，表示按计划安排即
8、将发生的动作She is leaving for Beijing动词一般是终止性动词，或位移性动词finish, die, open, close, start, joincome, go, leave, arrive, fly, return（4） 代替一般现在时，描绘更加生动The Yangtze River is flowing into the east（5） Be always/continuously/constantly/doing sth 表示夸奖，埋怨等感情色彩You are always helping othersHe is always finding fault wi
9、th me5、 过去进行时（1） 表示过去某一时刻。Then, at nine, at that time/momentThey working at nine yesterdayThey were still working when I left和when引导的从句连用。They were still working when I left（2） 表示过去某一段时间内发生。Yesterday, last nightI was watching TV all day yesterday和while从句连用I was watching TV while she was writing（3） 表
10、示过去将来仅用于宾语从句，表示相对将来He said she was arriving the next day6、现在完成时表示过去发生或已经发生的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果（发生在过去，与现在有联系）I have had my lunchShe has cleaned the room 现在完成时不与明确的时间状语连用。标志词：recently, in the past/last years, so far, lately思考：一般过去时与现在完成时的区别I had my lunch at 11She cleaned the room just now表示动作或状态从过去某一时刻开始一
11、直持续到现在I have known Bob for three yearsI have been at this school since 1999have/has been to 表示曾经到过某地（去过）人已经回来了have/has gone to表示到某地去了（去了）人还未回来Where is Li HuaHe has gone to the reading-roomShe knows a lot about ShanghaiShe has been thereHave/has been toHave/has come to注意：短暂动词（瞬间动词）Come, go, arrive, r
12、each, hear, close, leave, begin, start, lose, buy, fall, join, die, borrow, marry, finish, complete等，在完成时态中，其肯定式不能和表示一段时间的状语连用。I have received his letter for a month（错）I havent received his letter for a month（对）7、过去完成时表示在过去某一时间以前就已经完成的动作（过去的过去）He has shut the door before the dog came inEverything ha
13、d been all right up till this morning解题策略：看动作发生的先后常见标志词：by/before+过去时间表示动作或状态从过去某个时刻开始，一直持续到另一个时刻才完成，甚至还要继续持续下去At the age of ten, he had learned 500 English words常用hope, expect, think, intend, want, suppose等动词的过去完成时表未实现的希望，打算，或意图（本打算，本期望）We had expected that you would be able to win the matchI had thought you would come tomorrow8、过去将来时表示语境在过去，讨论的话题是将来。I didnt know if he would come.=I didnt know if he was going to come.
