1、Unit5 What an adventure知识点小结（一）1. Ferdinand Magellan(1480-1521) was a Portuguese explorer who sailed west from Spain across the Atlantic and Pacific oceans in search of a westward route to the Spice Islands(now part of Indonesia). (P49)【解析】该句话中包含了一个who引导的定语从句，修饰a Portuguese explorer，具体说明他的事迹。从句中的sai
2、led west,表示“向西航行”，across为介词，表示“横跨，跨越”；in search of相当于动词短语“searching for”, 如：In the past hundred years, humans have begun destroying rainforests in search of some major resources. 在过去的百年中，人类为了寻找一些重要的资源开始毁坏雨林。search可以作动词，短语有search (sth) for sth/sb. 举例如下：search for a jobThe police searched the house fo
3、r the stolen jewelry.I often search for information for my project on the Internet.search 做名词时除了短语in search of外，还有短语make a search of, 如：They made a thorough(彻底的，完全的) search of the house.2. Vasco da Gama(1460-1524) was a Portuguese explorer and the first European to reach India by sea. His initial jo
4、urney to India opened up the sea route from Western Europe to the east by way of the Cape of Good Hope. (P49)【解析】当名词前有序数词修饰时，其后接非谓语动词表达“要做某事”时，通常用不定式to do。如：Madam Curie was the first woman in the world to receive two Nobel Prizes.Yang Liwei was the 431st astronaut to fly into space.by sea 乘船的方式，等于by
5、 ship; 类似的交通方式表达有by air, by taxi, on foot等。initial形容词，表示“最初的，开始的，（名字的）首字母”。副词为initially。如：It may help remove all their initial worries.Whats your initial purpose of collecting newspaper articles?My initial dream was to go to a top university and find a high-paying job in my hometown.下一个：open up, 基本义
6、为“打开”“开放”，还可以表示“提供（机会）；（机会，可能性）出现”，“敞开心扉畅谈”，如：As the market opens up, I think people are going to be able to spend more money on consumer goods.The new job opens up more opportunities for her.It helps to discuss your problems but I find it hard to open up.If you are sincere enough, he may open up hi
7、s heart to you and share his happiness and sorrow.by way of 路经；经过；经由，相当于via。如：The artist recently arrived in Paris from Bulgaria(保加利亚)by way of Vienna.英语中关于way的短语特别多，考试常涉及，要专门积累一些。如；all the way 一路上，自始至终；完全地，无保留地 She didnt speak a word to me all the way back home.(一路上)You can feel that the fans are w
8、ith the star all the way.（完全地支持）come your way 意外落在头上；偶尔发生在身上；如：He took whatever came his way. 无论什么事发生在他的头上，他都认了。either way/ one way or the other 两者都一样 如：Was it his fault or not? Either way, an explanation is due. 是他的错不是？无论是不是，都得有个解释。We could meet today or tomorrow-I dont mind one way or the other.gi
9、ve way to 让步于，退让；让在先 如：He refused to give way on any of the points. 他拒绝在任何一点上让步。The storm gave way to bright sunshine. 暴风雨过后阳光灿烂。go a long/some way towards doing sth. （对做某事）帮助很大/不大，作用很大/不大 如：The new law goes a long way towards solving the problem.go out of your way (to do sth.) 特地，格外努力（做某事）He would
10、always go out of his way to help others in need.no way 不可能，绝不，不行，没门儿 如：Theres no way we could afford that sort of money.-Do you want to help?-No way.3. Christopher Columbus(1451-1506) was an Italian explorer who completed journeys between Spain and the Americas, thus marking the beginning of Europea
11、n exploration of the Americas. (P49)【解析】mark the beginning of标志着/纪念/庆贺的开始Hundreds of thousands of people took to the streets to mark the occasion.Published to mark the 70th anniversary of the battle of Britain, this book should sell well. 该书出版恰好标志着纪念不列颠之战70周年，所以应该很畅销。4. The first people confirmed to
12、 have reached the top were Edmund Hillary and Tenzing Norgay in 1953. (P50)【解析】该句中的confirmed to have reached the top是后置定语，修饰the first people, 由于people和confirm为被动关系，所以用过去分词confirmed, 相当于who were confirmed to have reached the top. confirm （尤指提供证据来）证实；确认；证明，如：Rumours(谣言，传言) of job losses were later con
13、firmed.It has been confirmed that the meeting will take place next week.This means, for example, that a scammer(骗子) could call you from what looks to be a familiar number and talk to you using a voice that sounds exactly like your bank tellers, tricking you into “confirming” your address, mothers na
14、me, and card number. (看看骗子的手段！)5. Yet, despite all this, by the end of the trip many were already planning to return. (P50)You could also say: However, in spite of all the difficulties they would face, by the end of the trip, many people were already making plans to climb Qomolangma once again.【解析】原
15、句中的despite 是介词，不是连词（连词才能引导从句），故其后只能接名词或代词，这个大家要牢记。如：Her voice was shaking despite all her efforts to control it.Despite applying for hundreds of jobs, he is still out of work.常见短语表达还有：despite the fact that(这样的话，后接从句，从句解释the fact, 与despite无关)，表示“尽管的事实”如：She was good at physics despite the fact that s
16、he found it boring.6. For these people, climbing Qomolangma is an experience like no other, making some feel weak and others, powerful.You could also say:Climbing Qomolangma is a unique experience for people seeking adventure. It is an adventure that can make some feel powerless and others feel powe
17、rful.原句中的like no other, 意为“different from others”与众不同。如：This is a book like no other.Its been a challenge like no other, but they have done a great job in the air.7. It is not known if he succeeded in reaching the top of Qomolangma before it took his life. (P51)【解析】succeed in doing sth. = be success
18、ful in doing sth. 成功做某事；take ones life夺走某人的性命8. “It brings into focus whats important to you.”He added, “ There are a thousand reasons to turn around and only one to keep going. You really have to focus on the one reason thats most important and unique to you. It forces you to look deep inside yours
19、elf and figure out if you really have the physical, as well as mental, toughness to push when you want to stop.” (P51)You could also say:“You should think about whats important to you.” He added, “You may find many excuses to stop and turn back. You must think about the most significant reason _ you
20、 want to continue. It makes you look deep inside yourself and decide whether youre strong and _ (determine) enough in both body and mind to keep going.”【解析】bringinto focus: if you bring something into focus, people start to talk about it and pay attention to it. 如：People have recently brought these
21、issues into focus.This incident brings the problem of violence in school into focus.focus还可以当动词用，通常与介词on搭配，常用的短语有：focus ones attention on; focus on等等，如：The discussion focused on three main problems.It took a few moments for her eyes to focus on the objects in the dark.figure out 弄清楚，弄明白; 如：She spent
22、 her days in the lab, trying to figure out how to genetically engineer(开发转基因) plants.Theyre actually trying to figure out what theyre going to do in terms of making ends meet.Figure out what kind of worker you are and manage your business to optimize your efforts.figure还有其他意思，你知道多少？toughness表示“韧性，坚韧
23、；韧度”，其形容词为tough，表示“坚忍不拔的；能吃苦耐劳的；坚强的”；“艰苦的，棘手的”；还可以表示“严厉的，强硬的；无情的；粗野的，粗暴的”；看一下例句，分别思考该词在每句话中的意义：Jackie Chen often plays a tough guy in movies.Hes not tough enough for a career in sports.Shes a tough cookie/customer (=sb. who knows what they want and is not easily influenced by other people).Our schoo
24、l takes a tough line on (=punishes severely) cheating in exams.Dont be too tough on him-he was only trying to help.push当动词讲有“鞭策，督促；挺进；推进”的意思。如：Her parents are very tolerant(包容的，宽容)，but sometimes she pushes them too far.Lucy doesnt work hard this semester and maybe she should push herself a little bi
25、t.9. With the majority of attempts to climb Qomolangma resulting either in total success or failure, is there also a scientific reason behind this risk-taking? (P51)You could also say:Many people try to climb Qomolangma and they either make it or they dont. Why is it that they risk their lives in th
26、is way? Is there a scientific reason for doing so?【解析】该句中包含了一个with的复合结构：“with+名词attempts + resulting in”，表示“既然有这么多（企图爬上珠峰的）尝试或导致（完全地）成功或失败”，那这种冒险行为其背后可也有科学原因？；attempts to do something, 做某事的企图/尝试，此处为名词.它也可以作动词，后接不定式to do something, 即（sb.）attempt to do something; result in=lead to, 表示“导致”; eitheror或者或
27、者; the majority of 大多数。如：The majority of people interviewed prefer mobile phones to TV.It should be remembered that the majority of accidents happen in the home.再温习一下with的复合结构（宾语+宾补）的用法：With so much homework _ (do), I am afraid that I have to stay up.A young lady stood at the corner of the street, w
28、ith her arms _ (fold).With Mr. Yang _ (teach) us English, I am sure I will do well in exams.With all the houses _ (destroy) in the flood, villagers have to move to the shelters prepared for them.result当动词用时，常与in或from搭配。result in导致了，result from由。导致。如：Food allergies(过敏) can result in an enormous varie
29、ty of different symptoms(症状).People expected the policy to result in 1 million more births.Research has shown that having a preference for junk food can result in obesity.Many hair problems result from what you eat.The rare floods in Shanxi Province result from a changing weather pattern.behind表示“在的
30、背后”，介词；也可以表示“是产生（或发展）的原因”。如：Whats behind that happy smile (=What is causing it)?He was the man behind the plan to build a new school.10. Recent studies indicate that risk-taking may be part of human nature, with some of us more likely to take risks than others.You could also say:Recent studies show
31、that taking risks may be a usual way that we humans have and it is natural part of our character. Some of us naturally prefer to take risks than others. 【解析】indicate “显示，表明”, “暗示”, 如：Research indicates that our eating habits are changing fast.A survey of retired people has indicated that most are in
32、dependent and enjoying life.A red sky at night often indicates fine weather the next day.该句中依然包含了一个with的复合结构（some of us +more likely to do sth）,此处为“with +名词 +形容词likely短语”构成的复合结构。如：With the window open, the boy fell asleep.11. He refers to the personalities of these people as “Type T”, with the “T” s
33、tanding for “thrill”. (P51)You could also say:He uses “Type T” to describe the personalities of these people, and the “T” means “thrill”.【解析】refer toas把称为/称作; 如：Marcia refers to him as a dear friend.We refer to the Chinese language as “Han”.此外，refer to还可以表示“提及，提到；参考，查阅；指的是”如：You can refer to your no
34、te when you make a speech. She spoke for an hour without referring to her notes.The professor referred to in the story is in fact a doctor working in our city.You know who Im referring to. 另外：refer sb/sth to sb/sth短语还可以用来表示“将送交给（以求得帮助等）”如：My doctor referred me to a specialist. 我的医生让我去找一位专家诊治。He coul
35、d refer the matter to the high court. 他可以把这件事交给高等法院。该句中依然包含了一个with的复合结构，其构成形式为：with +名词 the “T” +现在分词standing for “thrill”。再举几个例子：With so many doctors caring for her, the little girl soon got recovered.with的复合结构要学会用哟！12. Research also suggests that our desire to seek risks can be connected to how mu
36、ch we expect to benefit from the result. (P51)You could also say:Research also indicates that our wish to take risks can be related to how much reward we can want to get from the result.【解析】suggest 此处不是“建议”的意思，而是表示“暗示，表明”，用法同indicate。our desire to seek risks, 我们寻求冒险的欲望。seek 寻求，探求；be connected with与有
37、关，相当于be related to; benefit from 从获益。注意这些动词短语的用法。seek意为try to obtain or achieve sth. 此处为“寻求，谋求，争取”；如：We are currently seeking new ways of expanding our membership. 目前，我们正探索发展会员的新途径。此外，seek还有“寻找，请求，寻求”的意思，如：She managed to calm him down and seek help from the police.Why not seek some advice from your
38、parents?seek jobs/advice/help 寻找工作/建议/帮助 seek的过去式和过去分词分别为：sought; sought13. With this in mind, are the benefits of climbing Qomolangma worth the risks? Its totally up to you. (P51)【解析】with this in mind把这记在心里，考虑到此；这又是一个with的复合结构，其构成形式为：with +名词/代词 + 介词短语；想想并总结，到目前我们见到了哪些with的复合结构？他们在句子中一般有哪些功能？（附带，伴随
39、，原因，让步等）（be）up to you. 取决于你，由你决定/做主。如：Its up to you to decide whether you will go climbing or not.Shall we eat out or stay in? Its up to you.另外up to短语还有其他的意义，看下列句子并总结：The water came up to my chest.The numbers add up to exactly 100.Up to 25,000 people are now out of work.To be honest, he is not up to the job. We have to find another person to replace him.14. outweigh 这个动词的意思为：重于，大于；超过，如：The advantages far outweigh the disadvantages.第10页
