1、语法专项复习语法专项复习Object Clause宾语从句宾语从句 1. I know him. （简单句）（简单句）2. I know who he is.(复合句复合句) _ _ _主语主语 谓语谓语 宾语宾语 _ _ _ _ _ 主语主语 谓语谓语 关联词关联词 从句主语从句主语 从句谓语从句谓语 主句主句 宾语从句宾语从句 一、宾语从句的概念 宾语从句即句子作宾语，而不再是一个词或短语宾语从句即句子作宾语，而不再是一个词或短语作宾语。作宾语。I like my teacher.（名词作宾语（名词作宾语)I know him .（代词作宾语）（代词作宾语）I know (that) Mr
2、 Li teaches English. (句子作宾语）句子作宾语）包含宾语从句的句子结构：主句+连接词（引导词）+宾语从句二、宾语从句三要素连连 接接 词词时时 态态语语 序序（一）连接词（一）连接词1.陈述句：that2.一般疑问句：whether/if3.特殊疑问句： 连接代词who whom whose what which 连接副词when why where how。e.g. 1. I donnt hear (that) _. （一小时后他会回来一小时后他会回来）2. He said (that) _. （他非常想念我们）他非常想念我们）3. The teacher told us
3、 (that) _. （地球围着太阳转）地球围着太阳转） he will be back in an hour he missed us very much the earth moves around the sun注意：当从句是客观真理的时候，无论主句什么时态，从注意：当从句是客观真理的时候，无论主句什么时态，从句一律用一般现在时句一律用一般现在时* *当宾语从句是陈述句时（包括肯定或否定），连词当宾语从句是陈述句时（包括肯定或否定），连词由由thatthat引导，在句中不作成分，无意义。口语或引导，在句中不作成分，无意义。口语或非正式文体中可省略。非正式文体中可省略。 宾语从句中不能省略
4、宾语从句中不能省略thatthat的情况：的情况：1 1）主从句有插入语时：）主从句有插入语时： It says here, on this sign, that you cant talk loudly.2 2）若出现两个及以上宾语从句且有并列）若出现两个及以上宾语从句且有并列连词时：连词时： My uncle said (that) he would come and that he would also bring his daughter.3 3）当有）当有it it 作形式宾语用作形式宾语用that that 引导时：引导时： He finally found it difficul
5、t that he should finish the work by himself.由从属连词由从属连词whether, if 引导的宾语从句引导的宾语从句e.g. 1. Ask him _. （他是否能来）他是否能来）2. I dont know _.（是否要下雨）是否要下雨） whether (if) he can come whether it is going to rain or not当句末为当句末为or not时，引导词只能用时，引导词只能用whether而不能用而不能用if.*当宾语从句是一般疑问句时，由连词当宾语从句是一般疑问句时，由连词whether或或if 引导引导（
6、口语中常用（口语中常用if），在句中意为），在句中意为“是否是否”，有意义，不能，有意义，不能省略。省略。If 与与whether 的区别的区别1. I dont know _ he will come or not.2. I dont care of _ he is handsome.3. He wondered _ to stay here the next week.4. _ he will come is not decided. 与与or not 连用只能用连用只能用whether介词后只能用介词后只能用whether与与to do 不定式连用只能用不定式连用只能用whether引导
7、主从或表从只能用引导主从或表从只能用whether1. He asked _. (谁能回答这个问题谁能回答这个问题）2. Do you know_. （他们在等谁他们在等谁）3. Please tell me _. （我们什么时候开会我们什么时候开会）4. Can you tell me _. （他在哪儿他在哪儿）5. Could you tell me _. （我该怎么去车站我该怎么去车站）6. Would you tell me _（为什么火车迟到了为什么火车迟到了） 当宾语从句是当宾语从句是特殊疑问句特殊疑问句时，由连接代词时，由连接代词what, whom whose, which,
8、what及连接副词及连接副词 when, where, how, why引导的宾语从句引导的宾语从句when well have a meetingwhere he ishow I can get to the stationwhy the train is latewho could answer the questionwhom they are waiting for带带howhow的词组也都可以引导宾语从句：的词组也都可以引导宾语从句：*Please tell us how soon you will be ready.*Could you tell us how often you
9、go abroad for a holiday?*Would you tell us how long the meeting will last?*I dont know how far it is to the cinema.注意：这里注意：这里could / would是委婉语气，是委婉语气，而不是过去。从句时态视情况而定。而不是过去。从句时态视情况而定。（二）语序：陈述句语序 1. She wants to know if there is a bank near here.2. He asked what they are doing.即：陈述句结构（主即：陈述句结构（主+谓谓+其他
10、成分其他成分)1.Is there a bank near here? She wants to know.2. What Are they doing ? He asked.l（三）三）时态时态(时态一致性）时态一致性）l1. 如果主句的时态是如果主句的时态是一般现在时一般现在时，宾语从，宾语从 句的时态句的时态根据具体情况来确定，可以是根据具体情况来确定，可以是_时态时态。I dont think (that) you are right.Please tell us where well go fishing tomorrow.lDo you know when Mr. Smith mo
11、ved here?任任 何何过去过去2. 2. 如果主句的时态是如果主句的时态是一般过去时一般过去时，宾语从句只能用，宾语从句只能用相应的相应的_时态时态（一般过去时，（一般过去时， 过去进行时，过去进行时， 过去将来时，过去完成时）。例如过去将来时，过去完成时）。例如：He told me that he was born in Beijing in 1992.He said that he would go back to the U.S. soon. She said that she was doing exercises at 8:00Tom said he had eaten lu
12、nch just now.3. 3. 如果宾语从句所陈述的是如果宾语从句所陈述的是客观真理客观真理, ,定义、定理，定义、定理，公理公理，即使主句用了，即使主句用了过去时过去时，从句仍用，从句仍用 _ 时态。时态。例如：例如： The teacher said that the earth moves around the sun.Mr. Hu have told us that A friend in need is a friend indeed.一般现在一般现在四、否定转移 在含有宾语从句的主从复合句中，当主句的主语为第一人称，谓语动词是thinkthink， believebeliev
13、e, guess, suppose guess, suppose等时，要将从句的否定词转移到主句中，即主句的谓语动词用否定式，宾语从句的谓语动词用肯定式。 eg: (1)I dont think he will come with you. 注意：这种句子在其后接附加问句时，要特别小心。 eg: (2) I dont believe he has finished the work, _? (3) He knew why Jim wasnt at school , _? 解析：例2，当主句的主语为第一人称时，附加问句的主语由宾 语从句的主语充当。 例3，如果主句的主语非第一人称时，则附加问句的
14、主语 由主句的主语充当。has hehas hedidnt hedidnt he五、复合句：（连接词五、复合句：（连接词+宾语从句）宾语从句） 简单句：（连接词简单句：（连接词+to do sth）*I dont know what I should do next.*she didnt decide which one she could choose.*Can you tell me how I can get to the station?*He doesnt know when he will leave. I dont know what to do next. She didnt
15、decide which one to choose. Can you tell me how to get to the station? He doesnt know when to leave.六、直接引语变间接引语与宾语从句的关系六、直接引语变间接引语与宾语从句的关系陈述句变为引导的宾语从句e.g. 1. He said, “You are younger than I ”. 2. He says, “Tom is a good student ”. He said that I was younger than him. He says that Tom is a good stud
16、ent. 直接引语变间接引语与宾语从句的关系直接引语变间接引语与宾语从句的关系一般疑问句变为一般疑问句变为if (whether)if (whether)引导的宾语从句引导的宾语从句e.g. 1. She said, “ Do you often come here to read newspaper? ”2. “Will they go to visit the Great Wall?” he asked. She asked if (whether) I often came here to read newspaper. He asked if (whether) they would
17、go visit the Great Wall. 直接引语变间接引语与宾语从句的关系直接引语变间接引语与宾语从句的关系特殊疑问句变为特殊疑问句变为who, what, when等引导的宾语从句等引导的宾语从句e.g. 1. He asked, “Where do you live?” 2. “How can we get to the post-office?” he asked. He asked where I lived. He asked how they could get to the post-office. 直接引语变间接引语与宾语从句的关系直接引语变间接引语与宾语从句的关系
18、1、当主句的谓语动词是一般现在时或一般将来时，宾语 从句的谓语动词可以用所需要的任何一种时态。 2、当主句的谓语动词是一般过去时，宾语从句的谓语 动词要用相应的过去时态，但当宾语从句叙述的内容 为客观真理时，仍然用一般现在时。e.g. The teacher said that the moon moves around the sun. 注注 意：意：Do you know _?A. where does she live B. she lives whereC. where she lives D. where she live2. His parents wanted to know w
19、hat he _at that time. A. is doing B. was doing C. has done D. will doCB巩固练习：巩固练习：I从下列从下列A、B、C、D中选择一个正确选项填空。中选择一个正确选项填空。3. The young man asked _ its summer of winter. A. either B. that C.weather D.whether4. We dont know _ they did it. A. how B. who C. what D.which5. The teacher asks us _ Jim can come
20、 back soon. A. that B. if C. when D. what time6. Does anybody know _ we will have a sports meeting this weekend or not. A. if B. where C. whether D. that7. I wonder _ he is crying now. A. that B.why C. how D. whenDABCB9Lilys mother looked for her for half an hour, but could not find _?A.what Lily wa
21、s B. what was LilyC. where Lily was D. where was LilyC8.We dont know _. - It is said that he was born in Canada.A.what he is B. when he was born C. where he comes from D. if he lives here C10 The girls asked if they _ some food and drink with them. A. took B. take C. takes D. will take 11 Linda said
22、 the moon_ round the earth. A. travelled B. has travelled C. travels D. had travelled ACl12. Could you please tell me _ he will come here tomorrow?l A. if B. weather C. what D. whichlA13. Could you tell me _? A. when will they leave BeijingB. when would they leave BeijingC. when they will leave Beij
23、ing D. when did they leave Beijing CII.改错：1.Miss Zhang asked me why was I late for school._Miss Zhang asked me why I was late for school.2.Father told me the sun always rose in the east._Father told me the sun always rises in the east.3.He doesnt know that when she can come back._He doesnt know when
24、 she can come back.1. The radio says it _ cloudy tomorrow. (be)2. The headmaster hopes everything _ well. (go)3. Tom says that they _ (play) basketball at six oclock yesterday evening. 4. I hear he _ (return) it already. 5. He said that they _ members of the Party since 1948. (be)6. He asked what th
25、ey _ at eight last night. (do)7. The teacher told his class that light _ faster than sound. (travel)8. I think you _ about the relay race now. (talk)9. I didnt know whom the letters _ from. (be) will be goes were playing has returned had been travels are talking were were doing10. I didnt know what
26、time he _ the letter. (write)11. Miss Wang told me that the earth _(move) round the earth. 12. Could you tell me who _ away the book already? (take)13. Ling Feng told me he _ to several times. (be)14. Our teacher told us in class the sun _ in the east. (rise)15. Can you tell me what they _ yesterday
27、? (do) wrote moves has taken has been risesdid将下列句子合并为一句将下列句子合并为一句: :1. Where do they stop on the way? I asked. 2. What will you say at the meeting? Could you tell me?3. Does she like to make friends with us? He asks. 4. He is doing my homework. He said. 5.He will come back. Tom said. I asked where
28、they stopped on the way.Could you tell me what you will sayat the meeting?He asked if she likes to make friends with them.He said that he was doing his homework.Tom said that he would come back.6.Is he doing his homework? Jim asked. 7. When will he come back? Tom asked. 8. How can I get to the stati
29、on? Could you tell me?9. Why is the train late? Would you tell me?10. Where is Tom? They asked. Tom asked when he would come back.Could you tell me how I can get to the station?Would you tell me why the train is late?They asked where Tom was. Jim asked if he was doing his homework.宾 语 从 句 小 结一一.结构结构
30、1. 当陈述句作宾语从句时当陈述句作宾语从句时, 结构结构:主句主句+that + 主语主语 +谓语部分谓语部分2. 当一般疑问句作宾语从句时当一般疑问句作宾语从句时,结构结构:主句主句+ if(whether) +主语主语 +谓语部分谓语部分3.当当 特殊疑问句作宾语从句时特殊疑问句作宾语从句时,结构结构:主句主句+特殊疑问词特殊疑问词+主语主语 +谓语部分谓语部分二主从时态关系二主从时态关系 主句主句 从句从句一般现在时一般现在时 一般过去时一般过去时 3.(特殊特殊):任何时态任何时态 (客观、自然现象客观、自然现象)三三.语序：陈述语序语序：陈述语序时态不变时态不变时态相应变化时态相应变化 一般现在时一般现在时
