1、Copyright The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.1-0Electric Machinery and Drive Fall Semester 2009Dept. of Electrical EngineeringCopyright The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.1-1PowerPoint Slidesto accompanyElectri
2、c MachineryFourth EditionStephen J. ChapmanChapter 1Introduction to Machinery PrinciplesCopyright The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.1-2Objectives To instill an understanding of the underlying electromagnetic effects permitting electric machine operation
3、and introduce basic machine types To describe the construction of these machines To examine the main types of these machines To be skilled in analyzing the characteristic of these machinesIntroduction and OverviewCopyright The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or displ
4、ay.1-3 Reference Books 1.Theodore Wildi. Electrical Machines, Drives, and Power Systems (Fifth Edition) Pearson Education. 2002 2. A. E. Fitzgerald, Charles Kingsley, Jr., Stephen D. Umans Electric Machinery (Sixth Edition) McGraw-Hill.2003 3. 李发海 王岩. 电机与拖动基础 北京：清华大学出版社，1994. 4. 顾绳谷. 电机及拖动基础(上、下册) 北
5、京：机械工业出版社，1980 5. 汤蕴缪 史乃. 电机学 第二版 北京：机械工业出版社，2005.1 6. 姚舜才付 巍 赵耀霞 电机学与电力拖动技术 北京：国防工业出版社，2006.1Copyright The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.1-4What is an Electric-Machine Drive?Copyright The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction
6、or display.1-5Copyright The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.1-6Type of Electrical MachinesEMMotorGeneratorDC MotorAC MotorSeparately ExcitedNon-Separately ExcitedSeriesShuntCompoundSynchronousAsynchronousSingle PhaseDouble PhaseThree PhaseDC GeneratorAC Ge
7、neratorCopyright The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.1-7 Angular Position Angular Velocity Angular Accelerationdtddtdrv260mmmmffndtddtdvaCopyright The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.1-8 Torque T T=(Force Applied
8、) (Perpendicular Distance) =(F)(r sin ) Newtons Law of Rotation T=J Work W Power PTdWFdrWTdtdrTTrdtddtdWPFvdtdrFFrdtddtdWPdtdWP)()(TWFrWCopyright The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.1-9Electric Drives An electric drive is a system that converts electrical
9、energy to mechanical energy Parts: electric motor (or several) control system (including software) Constant-speed drives only a start/stop and protection system in addition to the electric motor Variable-speed drives (VSDs) include an electronic power converterCopyright The McGraw-Hill Companies, In
10、c. Permission required for reproduction or display.1-10Electric Drive and the Surrounding SystemCopyright The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.1-11Acceleration of Inertial Mass Torque needed for accelerating the moment of inertia J: Moment of inertia ofa th
11、in-walled cylinderCopyright The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.1-12 Moment of inertia of a solid cylinderEquation of MotiondtdJTTmLCopyright The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.1-13 Inertia J is a theoretical pa
12、rameter. In engineering, Fly Wheel GD2 is used to replace inertia. That is： dtdnGDTTL3752Copyright The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.Simple magnetic circuit.Figure 1.11-14Copyright The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or d
13、isplay.Magnetic circuit with air gap.Figure 1-31-15Copyright The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.1-16 Production of a Magnetic Field Amperes Law H =magnetic field intensity (Ampere-turns per meter) B=magnetic flux density/ intensity of magnetic induction =
14、magnetic permeabilitynetIdlHcclNiHNiHlHBclNiHBCopyright The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.1-17 Magnetic flux Magnetomotive Magnetic reluctanceAdABclNiABABAmRFAlRcmCopyright The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.1
15、-18Analogy between electric and magnetic circuits. (a) Electric circuit, (b) magnetic circuit.Figure 1-4Copyright The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.1-19 Kirchhoffs Law in Magnetic Circuit0321 0Copyright The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required
16、 for reproduction or display.1-20FINIlHknk1lINmmRRHHlF210Copyright The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.1-21Air-gap fringing fields.Figure 1-6Copyright The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.1-22Simple synchronous ma
17、chine.Figure 1-9Copyright The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.1-23(a) Magnetic circuit and (b) equivalent circuit for Example 1.3.Figure 1.6Copyright The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.1-24MATLAB plot of inducta
18、nce vs. relative permeability for Example 1.5.Figure 1.7Copyright The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.1-25Magnetic circuit with two windings.Figure 1.8Copyright The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.1-26B-H loops f
19、or M-5 grain-oriented electrical steel 0.012 in thick. Only the top halves of the loops are shown here. (Armco Inc.)Figure 1-10Copyright The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.1-27Dc magnetization curve for M-5 grain-oriented electrical steel 0.012 in thick.
20、(Armco Inc.)Figure 1.10Copyright The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.1-28Excitation phenomena. (a) Voltage, flux, and exciting current; (b) corresponding hysteresis loop.Figure 1.11Copyright The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduct
21、ion or display.1-29Exciting rms voltamperes per kilogram at 60 Hz for M-5 grain-oriented electrical steel 0.012 in thick. (Armco Inc.)Figure 1-10Copyright The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.1-30Hysteresis loop; hysteresis loss is proportional to the loop
22、area (shaded).Figure 1-11Copyright The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.1-31Core loss at 60 Hz in watts per kilogram for M-5 grain-oriented electrical steel 0.012 in thick. (Armco Inc.)Figure 1.14Copyright The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required
23、 for reproduction or display.1-32Laminated steel core with winding for Example 1.8.Figure 1.15Copyright The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.1-33(a) Second quadrant of hysteresis loop for Alnico 5;(b) second quadrant of hysteresis loop for M-5 electrical st
24、eel; (c) hysteresis loop for M-5 electrical steel expanded for small B. (Armco Inc.)Figure 1.16Copyright The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.1-34Magnetic circuit for Example 1.9.Figure 1.17Copyright The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for r
25、eproduction or display.1-35Magnetic circuit for Example 1.10.Figure 1.18Copyright The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.1-36Magnetization curves for common permanent-magnet materials.Figure 1.19Copyright The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required fo
26、r reproduction or display.1-37Magnetic circuit including both a permanent magnet and an excitation winding.Figure 1.20Copyright The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.1-38Portion of a B-H characteristic showing a minor loop and a recoil line.Figure 1.21Copyri
27、ght The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.1-39Magnetic circuit for Example 1.11.Figure 1.22Copyright The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.1-40(a) Magnetization curve for Alnico 5 for Example 1.11; (b) series of load
28、 lines for Ag = 2 cm2 and varying of values of i showing the magnetization procedure for Example 1.11. Figure 1.23(a)(b)Copyright The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.1-41Magnetic circuit for Problem 1.1.Figure 1.24Copyright The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
29、Permission required for reproduction or display.1-42Magnetic circuit for Problem 1.6.Figure 1.25Copyright The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.1-43Magnetic circuit for Problem 1.9.Figure 1.26Copyright The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for
30、reproduction or display.1-44Inductor for Problem 1.12.Figure 1.27Copyright The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.1-45Pot-core inductor for Problem 1.15.Figure 1.28Copyright The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.1-46I
31、nductor for Problem 1.17.Figure 1.29Copyright The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.1-47Toroidal winding for Problem 1.19.Figure 1.30Copyright The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.1-48Iron-core inductor for Problem
32、1.20.Figure 1.31Copyright The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.1-49Magnetic circuit for Problem 1.22.Figure 1.32Copyright The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.1-50Symmetric magnetic circuit for Problem 1.23.Figure
33、1.33Copyright The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.1-51Reciprocating generator for Problem 1.24.Figure 1.34Copyright The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.1-52Configuration for measurement of magnetic properties of
34、electrical steel.Figure 1.35Copyright The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.1-53Magnetic circuit for Problem 1.28.Figure 1.36Copyright The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.1-54Magnetic circuit for the loudspeaker of
35、 Problem 1.34 (voice coil not shown).Figure 1.37Copyright The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.1-55Magnetic circuit for Problem 1.35. Figure 1.38Copyright The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.1-56 Production of Ind
36、uced Force On a Wirei=magnitude of current in the wireB=magnetic flux density vectorl= length of conductor in the magnetic field)(BliFsinilBF ilBF Copyright The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.1-57 Induced Voltage On a Conductor Moving In a Magnetic Fieldv
37、=velocity of the wireB=magnetic flux density vectorl= length of conductor in the magnetic fieldlBvE)( BlvE Copyright The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.1-58Three Phase PowerThe instantaneous total power is constant!Copyright The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc
38、. Permission required for reproduction or display.1-59Three Phase Power Real Power per phase isP = Vp Ip cos() Real Power for all three phases isP = 3 Vp Ip cos() Since for a balanced load the power is constantP(t) = 3 Vp Ip cos() also Power in Terms of Line QuantitiesP = 3 Vll Ill cos()Copyright Th
39、e McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.1-60Three Phase Reactive Power QTotal supply Volt Amps product (VA) isVA = 3 Vll IllReactive power Q is the Quantity making up the difference between VA and PowerQ = 3 Vll Ill sin()Thus VA2 = P2 + Q2Q is a measure of the energy storage capability of the circuitFor the greatest Power per amp of supply the Power Factor should be Unity and Q should be zero
