1、从句名词性从句形容词性从句:定语从句:状语从句主语从句宾语从句表语从句同位语从句副词性从句副词性从句及物动词不及物动词+介词 名 词When we shall hold the meeting depends on whether John can return tomorrow. 系动词The problem is when John will come back.We expressed our hope that we could visit the country again.主语从句主语从句宾语宾语从句从句表表语语从句从句同位语同位语从句从句关联词or引导词的分类1. that, w
2、hether, if2. who(m), who(m)ever, whose, which, whichever, what, whatever, 3. when, whenever, where, how, why 连接代词连接副词掌握名词性从句的掌握名词性从句的关键关键从属连词 名词性从句的引导词：名词性从句的引导词： that (无意义无意义) if、whether (不充当句子成分，只不充当句子成分，只起连接作用起连接作用, “是否是否”) as if , as though、because(多用于多用于表语从句表语从句) who/whoever、 what/whatever、 whi
3、ch/whichever 、 whom 、whose 作主作主/宾宾/表表/定定 when/whenever、 where/wherever、how/however 、why. 作状语作状语从属连词连接代词连接代词 连接副词连接副词 1. If不能放在句首引导主语从句，这时要用whether. 如果转为it作形式主语，那么两者可以互换。2. 如果与“or not”连用表示“是否”，也只用whether.注意：注意：3. 主语是从句时，谓语动词一般使用第三人称单数。注意：注意： 在主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句中that不能省略。宾语从句中的连接词that在以下情况下不能省略：（1）当that
4、引导两个或多个并列作宾语时，只有第一个that能省； (2) 如果从句中还有从句 ，that不能省 名词性名词性从句从句that的省略：的省略：提示：介词后一般不跟 that 引导的从句 。 但 in that ，except that 除外Men differs from brutes in that they can think and speak. I know nothing about him except that he is from Shanghai.主语从句主语从句在句子里担当主语的从句叫做主语从句。1)That she left him hurt him so much.
5、2)Whether it was possible to develop a hybrid of self-pollinating plants such as rice was a matter of great debate.3) What concerned him most was that farmers often had poor harvests and sometimes主语从句常见句式主语从句常见句式1. 主语从句常位于句首。2. 有时用it作形式主语，而将从句放在句末。That she is the best student in the class is obvious
6、.=It is obvious that she is the best student in the class.主语从句常见句式主语从句常见句式用it 作形式主语的常见结构：It be + 形容词形容词+that常用于该句型的形容词有常用于该句型的形容词有 clear, obvious, natural, likely, possible, necessary etc._(有可能有可能) the driver wont pick you up at the airport. It is likely that主语从句常见句式主语从句常见句式用it 作形式主语的常见结构：It be + 名词
7、（词组）名词（词组）+that常用于该句型的名词（词组）有常用于该句型的名词（词组）有 a pity, a shame, good news, a fact, an honor, a wonder, no wonder _(是个遗憾是个遗憾) your parents didnt permit you to go with us.主语从句常见句式主语从句常见句式用it 作形式主语的常见结构：It be + 过去分词过去分词+that常用于该句型的过去分词常用于该句型的过去分词有有said, believed, reported, thought, expected, decided, anno
8、unced, suggested, hoped etc. It is suggested that the work _ done with great care.（ should ） be Tip 1当过去分词表示建议，要求，命令等当过去分词表示建议，要求，命令等词时，名词性从句应该用虚拟语气，词时，名词性从句应该用虚拟语气，即即 (should) do主语从句常见句式主语从句常见句式用it 作形式主语的常见结构：It +不及物动词（短语）不及物动词（短语）+that常用于该句型的不及物动词（短语）有常用于该句型的不及物动词（短语）有seem, turn out, happen, appea
9、r , occur _（碰巧）（碰巧）he was out that day. It happened that宾宾语从句语从句在句子里担当宾语的从句叫做宾语从句。宾语从句常位于及物动词、动词短语、介词、表语形容词之后。We were surprised that he lost the game.此类表语形容词有: afraid、pleased、happysatisfied anxious sure etc1. whether/if引导宾语从句时，不能省略。I dont know_.我不知道是否能够帮助你。2. Whether能引导介词后的宾语从句，if不能。I havent settled
10、 the question of _ Ill go back home.注意：注意：3. 1坚持(insist) 2命令(command, order) 3建议(suggest, advice, propose) 4要求(require, request, demand,desire)后的宾从用虚拟语气,（should）do注意：注意：注意：注意：只有当suggest表示“建议”、insist表示“坚决要求”时，其后宾语从句才使用虚拟语气。如果suggest表示“暗示，表明”、insist表示“坚持说、坚持认为”，其后宾语从句则使用陈述语气（该用什么时态就用什么时态）注意：注意：The loo
11、k on his face suggested that he was quite satisfied.He insisted that he had not stolen the car and insisted that he (should) be set free at once.表明，暗示坚持说坚决要求4. 注意：注意：5.wish后的宾从也要用虚拟语气 注意：注意：5.wish后的宾从也要用虚拟语气我希望我是个男孩。 注意：注意：I wish I were a boy.宾宾语从句用语从句用it做形式宾语做形式宾语We have made that a foreign languag
12、e is useful weapon in the struggle of life clear. We have made it clear that a foreign language is useful weapon in the struggle of lifeconsider、 find、 think、 feel 、make、take等动词常带宾语补足语,这时要用形式宾语 it ,宾语从句放到宾补之后。宾宾语从句用语从句用it做形式宾语做形式宾语We have made that a foreign language is useful weapon in the struggle
13、 of life clear. We have made it clear that a foreign language is useful weapon in the struggle of lifeconsider、 find、 think、 feel 、make、take等动词常带宾语补足语,这时要用形式宾语 it ,宾语从句放到宾补之后。表语从句表语从句在句子里担当表语的从句叫做表语从句，表语从句常位于系动词后面。The question is whether we can finish the experiment by Friday.表语从句不表语从句不用用 if其他连接词引导的
14、表语从句其他连接词引导的表语从句1.It seemed as if all the theories were useful. 2.From space, the earth looks blue. This is because about 70 percent of its surface is covered by water.3.That was how they won the match.4.This is why she got up so early this morning.其他连接词引导的表语从句其他连接词引导的表语从句 This is because这是因为这是因为 Th
15、is is why 这就是这就是的的原因原因 This is how.这就是这就是的方法的方法Combine each pair of sentences1. He was absent from the meeting. Thats the fact.2. Is he a student? Thats my question. The fact is that he was absent from the meeting. My question is whether he is a student. 从句一律陈述语序从句一律陈述语序Combine each pair of sentence
16、s3. When will we leave for the Island? Thats what I want to know.4. Whom must our education serve ? Thats the most important. What I want to know is when well leave for the Island. The most important is whom our education must serve.同位语从句同位语从句在句子里担当同位语的从句叫做同位语从句，说明该名词的具体内容。I have no idea whether he
17、agrees to the plan or not. I made a promise to myself that this year, my first year in high school, would be different. 分隔式同位语从句分隔式同位语从句同位语从句同位语从句同位语从句常修饰以下词: fact, news, hope, opinion, order, question, problem, belief, truth, theory, decision, discovery, conclusion, promise, rumor, fear, thought, s
18、uggestion, plan, idea, information.Combine each pair of sentences1.We were excited at the news. Our football team had won a third match . We were excited at the news that our football team had won a third match.2. They have made a new plan. Another experiment building will be put up beside the libra
19、ry.They have made a new plan that another experiment building will be put up beside the library.Combine each pair of sentences3. They had the question. Could he pass the final exam?They had the question whether he could pass the final exam.4. Who did the damaged computer belong to ? No one had any i
20、dea.No one had any idea who the damaged computer belonged to.使用名词性从句的注意事项使用名词性从句的注意事项 ：Whether he will help us tackle the problem is doubtful. 一、语序一、语序主语主语从句要用陈从句要用陈述句语序。述句语序。使用名词性从句的注意事项使用名词性从句的注意事项 ：二、二、 主谓一致主谓一致 When we shall have our sports meeting _ not been decided. What astronauts need in the
21、 spaceship _oxygen.What the children in the area starve for _ books.has单个单个从句做主语，谓语动词一般用从句做主语，谓语动词一般用单数单数。但但what引导的主语从句作主语时，谓语动引导的主语从句作主语时，谓语动词应和表语的词应和表语的名词名词一致。一致。isare使用名词性从句的注意事项使用名词性从句的注意事项 ：When they will start and where they will go _not been decided yet. When and where the meeting will begin _not been decided yet .havehas由由and连接两个或两个以上的主语从连接两个或两个以上的主语从句做主语，谓语动词用复数。句做主语，谓语动词用复数。由由两个或两个以上连接词引导一个两个或两个以上连接词引导一个主语从句，谓语动词用单数。主语从句，谓语动词用单数。名词性从句中的名词性从句中的whether/if用法用法 whether if引导不位于句引导不位于句首的主语从句首的主语从句引导位于句首引导位于句首的主语从句的主语从句引导表语从句、引导表语从句、同位语从句同位语从句作介词的宾语作介词的宾语直接与直接与or not 连用连用
