1、虚拟语气使用时应该注意的事项语气语气英语的动词一般可带有三种不同的语气：英语的动词一般可带有三种不同的语气：陈述语气，祈使语气和虚拟语气。不同陈述语气，祈使语气和虚拟语气。不同的语气用动词的不同形式（有的还借助的语气用动词的不同形式（有的还借助句法形式）来表示。句法形式）来表示。 1.表示强烈与真理相反的虚拟语气句型 If the sun were to rise in the west, how surprised these sunflowers would be! 句型：if+主语+were to+原形动词， 主语+would/could/might/should/ought to+原形
2、动词。试造句： 要是太阳围绕地球转，世界该是什么样的呢？ If the sun were to go around the earth, what kind of world it would be? 2.时态不一致的假设 判断以下两句话哪句正确： If I had started saving money then, I would have been able to buy a car now. If I had started saving money then, I would be able to buy a car now. If 从句与过去事实相反，用过去完成时；主句与现在事实相
3、反，用过去时。句型： If+主语+had+过去分词，主语+would/could/might/should/ought to+原形动词+now/today 造句： 要是五年前我遇见了她，今天她可能就是我的妻子了。 If I had met her five years ago, she might be my wife today. 3. but for要不是. 此句型仅限于与现在事实及过去事实相反的虚拟语气。 3.1 与现在事实相反：若非就 句型： If it were not +that从句（一般现在时）/for+名词，主语+ would/could/might/should/ought
4、to +原形动词 =but for+名词，主语+ would/could/might/should/ought to+原形动词 要不是他努力工作，我才不会喜欢他。 If it were not that he works hard, I wouldnt like him. =If it were not for his hard work, I =Were it not for his hard work, I =But for his hard work, I 3.2 与过去事实相反：若非当时就 句型： If it had not been+that从句（一般过去时）/for+名词，主语+
5、would/could/might/should/ought to+have+过去分词 =But for+名词，主语+ would/could/might/should/ought to+have+过去分词 试造句： 要不是他当时借钱给我，我是无法买那本书的。 If it had not been that he lent me the money, I couldnt have bought the book. =If it had not been for the money (which) he lent me, I =Had it not been for the money (whi
6、ch) he lent me, I =But for the money (which) he lent me, I lestshould =for fear that+主语+may+原形动词（表现在或将来状况）/might+原形动词（过去状况） =for fear of+名词 试造句： 你必须用功念书，以免考试不及格。 You must study hard lest you should fail the exam. = You must study hard for fear that you may fail the exam = You must study hard for fea
7、r of failing the exam. 5. as if=as though仿佛/好像 as if 或as though 均为连接副词，引导状语从句。使用时有三种时态： 5.1表极大可能-动词用一般时态 看起来好像要下雨了。 It looks as if (as though) it is going to rain. 5.2 表与现在事实相反-动词用一般过去时。 王先生很爱我的孩子就像他们是他的孩子一样。 Mr. Wang loves my children as if (as though) they were his kids. 5.3 表与过去事实相反-动词用过去完成时 他当时看
8、起来好像什么都没发生过一样。 He looked as if (as though) nothing had happened. 注意：as if 或as though后面也可以接不定时短语，表即将发生的状况： She opened her lips as if (she was going) to speak 6. what ifshould要是的话会怎样/要怎么办？ 表对将来状况存疑的虚拟语气。If从句多用should. 要是他来了，会怎么样/怎么办？ What if he should come? =What might happen if he should come?/What co
9、uld we do if he should come? What if 之后也可用一般现在时，所以以上例子可以改写为：what if he comes? =What shall we do if he comes?/ 7.if only要是就好了。 本句型只用于与现在事实或过去事实相反的虚拟语气。换言之，本句型只能用一般过去时或过去完成时。 要是他现在在这里就好了。 If only he were here. =I wish he were here. 要是我早点知道这件事情就好了 If only I had known it earlier. =I wish I had known it
10、earlier. 注意区别于only if 结构。only if 表示“只有才”。如： I told him he would succeed only if he tried hard. 我告诉他，只有努力才能成功。 I will only come home if you come with me. （= I will come home only if you come with me.） 只有你跟我一起走，我才回家。 看题：If only I _ to the lecture！ A. listen B. will listen C. am listening D. had listen
11、edD 8. wish的用法 wish 之后接that 从句时，一定要使用虚拟语气。如果与现在事实相反，用一般过去时；如果与过去事实相反，用过去完成时。也就是说，that从句里不使用一般现在时。试判断以下句子哪句错了： I wish he is here. I wish he were here. I wish he had been here. wish+that从句也可表示对将来状况的虚拟，主句要用过去时助动词would/could/might+原形动词： I wish (that) I wouldcould go tomorrow. 9.对过去事情猜测的三种句型： 9.1 must ha
12、ve+过去分词：一定曾经 他博学多闻，一定受过良好教育。 He is learned; he must have received a good education. 9.2 may have+过去分词：可能曾经 他看起来很疲倦，可能昨晚熬夜到很晚。 He looks tired; he may have stayed up late last night. 9.3 cannot have+过去分词：不可能曾经 他是老实人，不可能偷了玛丽的钱吧。 He is honest; he cannot have stolen Marys money. 如果表猜测的结构为疑问句，要用“Canhave?”
13、句型 判断以下句子哪句错了： May he have done it? Can he have done it?四四 情态动词情态动词+ have donecould have done 本来可以本来可以- - -might have done 本来可能本来可能 - - -should / ought to have done 本来应该做本来应该做 - - -shouldnt / ought not to have done 本不该做本不该做 - - 你本不应该告诉她真相。你本不应该告诉她真相。You shouldnt have told her the truth .neednt have
14、done 本不必做（但是已经做了）本不必做（但是已经做了） - - - 比较：比较：didnt need to do 没必要做也没有做没必要做也没有做 - - - 我没必要擦窗户。我兄弟做了我没必要擦窗户。我兄弟做了I didnt need to clean the windows . My brother did it.would have done 本来会去做本来会去做-我没有足够的钱否则我会买那本书的我没有足够的钱否则我会买那本书的I didnt have enough money, otherwise I would have bought that book. 10 意志动词的用法
15、意志动词有“建议”、“要求”、“命令”、“规定”、“主张”五大类。这些动词后面接that从句，且从句做宾语时，从句中要用助动词should,而should 往往予以省略。 建议：suggest; recommend; advise; urge(呼吁)；propose; move(提议) 要求：ask; desire; demand; require; request; insist(坚持要求) 命令：order; command 规定：rule; regulate; stipulate 主张：advocate; maintain 试填空： They suggested that he _ ho
16、me on time (come). Mary desired that Peter _her nicely (treat). The Mayor ordered that the police officer _ investigated (be). The principal ruled that no student should _truant (play). 看题：1. My sister advised me that I _ accept the invitation. A. could B. must C. should D. might2. He asks that he _
17、 an opportunity to explain why hes refused to go there. A. is given B. must give C. should give D. be given3. I insisted that we _ at once. A. gone B. go C. would go D. might goCDB 注意：如果suggest表示“暗示”、insist表示“坚信”、maintain表示“坚决认为”时，他们后面跟的that从句用一般时态,也即不用虚拟语气，而用陈述语气。 他话中暗示他绝不是在撒谎。 His words suggested
18、(implied/hinted) that he wasnt telling a lie. 他坚信这份工作没有一般人想象中的那么困难。 He insists (is convinced/is sure) that the job isnt so difficult as one may think. 约翰确信他曾经见过那女孩。 John maintained/believed that he had met the girl before. 看题： Li Ming insisted that he _ anything at all. A. hadnt stolen B. shouldnt s
19、teal C. doesnt steal D. steal 11. that从句作同位语或表语 that从句如果置于由意志动词变成的名词之后，而与该名词形成同位语或者表语时，that 从句中也要使用助动词should, 而should 往往予以省略。 我建议他出国读书。 It is my suggestion that he (should) study abroad.- that从句做suggestion一词的同位语 =My suggest is that he (should) study abroad-that从句在suggestion一词之后做表语 他们提议延期开会。 They rai
20、sed a proposal that the meeting be postponed.- that从句做proposal一词的同位语 =Their proposal is that the meeting be postponed.- that从句在proposal一词之后做表语。 约翰期望有人能帮他写信。 It is Johns desire that someone help him write the letter. =Johns desire is that someone help him write the letter. 注意的意志动词变过来的常见名词有： suggestio
21、n / proposal / order / plan / advice / idea / request What do you think of Wang Fangs suggestion that we _ Mr. Li to the party？ A. will invite B. have invited C. is invited D. inviteD 12. 表示“有必要的”形容词与that 从句 表示有“有必要的”形容词，修饰that 从句时，该从句也使用助动词should, 而should 往往予以省略。 常见的8个此类词： necessary; important; ess
22、ential(不可或缺的); imperative（有绝对必要的）; urgent; desirable(合意的)；recommendable; advisable(明智的) 试填空： It is necessary that we_up early tomorrow (get). I think it essential that he _it before leaving (finish). It is desirable that he_with us (agree). It advisable that we_this young man (employ). 其实以上句子我们可以归结为
23、这样的句型：it is/was+形容词/过去分词+that从句。that从句里要用虚拟语气。难点在于形容词的判断。而可以用于这样的结构的形容词非常多。再如： 她这样做是很自然的。她这样做是很自然的。 Its natural that she should do so. 重要的是我们要照顾好病人。重要的是我们要照顾好病人。 Its important that we should take good care of the patient. Choose the best answer: It is strange that the little boy _ speak two foreign
24、languages. A. could b. can C. should D. would 2. He gave orders that the experiment _ before 5:30pm. A. be finished B.will finish C. must be finished 3.He _ you more help,even though he was very busy. A, might have given B. might give C.may have given 4.Without the leadership of the Party,there _no
25、New China.1. A.would be B. has been C. should be D.wasCAAA5. He is talking so much about America as if he _ there. had been B. has been C. was D. has gone6. The young man insisted that he _ nothing wrong and _ free.A. did; set B. had done; should be set C. should do; be set D. had done; must be set7. Had you listened to the doctor, you _ all right now. are B. were C. would be D. would have been8. You _ come earlier. The bus left a moment ago. A. would B. should have C. may D. have BBcA
