1、一 Reading and Thinking单词短语1. once and for all最终地；彻底地all at once 突然；同时at once 立刻，马上once and again 一而再，再三例句We have to resolve this matteronce and for all.我们必须彻底地地解决这个问题。All at oncethere was someone knocking on the door.突然有人在敲门。He was punishedonce and againfor telling lies.他因说谎而一次又一次受到惩罚。2. subscribevi
2、. 认购(股份)；定期订购；定期交纳(会费)subscribe to 同意；赞成；订阅subscribe.to. 把捐赠给；把签署在上例句In order to improve his daughters English, hesubscribed toEnglish Weekly.为了提高女儿的英语水平，他订阅了英语周刊。Hesubscribed his name tothe contract.他在合同上签了名。If yousubscribe tothe newspaper, itll be delivered to your door.如果你订阅这个报纸，它会给你送货上门的。3. susp
3、ectvt.& vi. 怀疑；疑有；不信任 n. 犯罪嫌疑人；可疑对象suspect sb. of (doing) sth. 怀疑某人(做)某事suspect sb. to be. 怀疑某人是例句Isuspect him to bea pickpocket.我怀疑他是个扒手。Isuspected the girl oflying to us.我怀疑那个女孩对我们撒谎。4. blamevt. 把归咎于；责怪；指责 n. 责备；指责(1)be to blame (for sth.) (对某事)负有责任，应受责备blame sb. for sth. 因某事责备某人；把某事归咎于某人blame sth
4、. on sb./sth. 把某事归咎于某人/某事(2)put/lay the blame for sth. on sb. 将某事归咎于某人take the blame for sth. 对某事承担责任例句If that happens, the coach willtake the blame forit.如果发生那样的事，教练将承担责任。Youare not to blame. I cant put the blame on you.你不应受到责备，我不能把责任推到你身上。You shouldntblame John forthe failure.You shouldntblame the
5、 failure onJohn.你们不应该把这次失败归咎于约翰。5. linkn. 联系；纽带 vt. 把连接起来；相关联(1)link.to/with. 将和联系或连接起来link up 连接；结合link up with. 与联合；使与衔接(2)a link between A and B A与B之间的联系例句The new tunnellinks Britain to/withFrance.这条新隧道把英国与法国连接起来。The two spacecraft willlink upwith each other in orbit.这两艘宇宙飞船将在轨道上相互连接。The country
6、islinked tothe town by a new bridge.有一座新桥把乡村和城镇连接起来。6. decreasen. 减少；降低；减少量 vt.& vi. (使大小、数量等)减少；减小；降低(1)on the decrease 在减少中a decrease in. 在方面减少(2)decrease to. 减少到decrease by. 减少了decrease from.to. 从减少到例句There is adecreaseof nearly 7% in the number of visitors to the museum.参观博物馆的人数减少了近7%。The accide
7、nts havedecreased by20% since the measure has been taken.自从采取措施以来，事故减少了20%。Because of human activities, the number of some rare animals ison the decrease.由于人类的活动，一些稀有动物的数量正在减少。注意decrease的反义词increase的用法increase to 增加(长)到increase by 增加(长)了on the increase 在增加7. thanks to幸亏；由于because of 因为；由于as a result
8、 of 作为的结果；由于due to 因为；由于owing to 由于；因为的缘故例句As a result ofthe bad weather, the football match was put off.由于天气不好，足球比赛推迟了。The accident wasdue tohis careless driving.这次事故是由于他驾驶疏忽造成的。Owing toyour timely help, we finished the work ahead of time.由于你的及时帮助，我们提前完成了工作。8. transformvt. 使改观；使改变形态 vi. 改变；转变(1)tra
9、nsform A into B 把A变成Btransform sth. from A to B 使从A变成B(2)transformation n. 改变；改革例句We must work hard so as totransformChinaintoan advanced industrial country.我们必须努力工作，以便把中国变成一个先进的工业国家。A complete change of climatetransformedthe areafromfarmlandtoa desert.气候的彻底变化把这个地区从农田变成了沙漠。We are living in a time of
10、 socialtransformation.我们生活在一个社会变革的时代。重点句式1. As a young doctor, John Snow became frustrated because no one knewhow to prevent or treat cholera作为一名年轻的医生，约翰斯诺变得沮丧，因为没有人知道如何预防或治疗霍乱。句中how to prevent or treat cholera为“特殊疑问词不定式”结构，作动词knew的宾语。(1)常见的特殊疑问词：疑问代词who，what，which等和疑问副词how，when，where等。(2)语法功能：该结构相当
11、于名词性从句，在句中可以作主语、宾语、表语、同位语等(作主语时，谓语动词常用单数)。(3)通常用在tell，show，understand，explain，teach，learn，discuss等动词后面的特殊疑问代词与构成不定式的动词之间为动宾关系时，不定式通常用主动形式。例句The teacher taught the students how they should do the experiment.The teacher taught the studentshow to do the experiment.老师教学生们如何做这个实验。The problem is where to
12、put this computer.The problem iswhere we should put this computer.问题是我们该把这台电脑放在哪里。I have no idea what I can say about this.I have no ideawhat to say about this.我不知道该说什么。When we will start has not been decided.When to starthas not been decided.什么时候动身还没有决定。2. He discovered that in two particular stree
13、ts the cholera outbreak wasso severe thatmore than 500 people died in ten days.他发现，在两条特定的街道上，霍乱爆发非常严重，10天内就有500多人死亡。句中so.that.意为“如此以至于”，引导结果状语从句。(1)so+adj或adv.+that.so+adj.+a(n)+单数可数名词+that.so+many/few+复数可数名词+that.so+much/little+不可数名词+that.(2)such+a(n)+adj.+单数可数名词+that.such+adj.+不可数名词+that.such+adj.
14、+复数名词+that.例句It isso good a film thatId like to see it a second time.这部电影如此好，以至于我想再看一遍。She worksso hard thatwe all respect her.她工作这么努力，我们都很敬佩她。She isso lovely a girlthat we all like her.She issuch a lovely girlthat we all like her.她是如此可爱的女孩，我们都喜欢她。It issuch a heavy boxthat I cant lift it.It isso hea
15、vy a boxthat I cant lift it.这箱子太重了，我搬不起来。注意(1)little表示“少”时用so修饰，但表示“小”时用such修饰。There wasso littletime left that we must hurry.时间不多了，我们要快一点。They aresuch littlechildren that they cant understand it.他们是这么小的孩子，他们不会理解的。(2)在“so.that.”和“such.that.”结构中，当“so/such.”置于句首时，其所在的句子要用部分倒装。So hot a day was itthat t
16、hey all went swimming.Such a hot day was itthat they all went swimming.天气这么热，他们都去游泳了。二Using language单词短语1. pourvt. 倒出；倾泻；斟(饮料)pour in 涌进pour into 涌进pour out 倒出；涌出；倾诉pour out of. 从中涌出来pour down (雨)倾盆而降例句The rays of the sunpoured inthrough the window.阳光透过窗户倾泻进来。The riverpours intothe sea.这条河流入大海。Sobbi
17、ng, shepoured outthe whole story.她边哭边把事情原原本本地说了出来。He was seriously wounded. Bloodpoured out ofthe wound.他受了重伤，血从伤口涌出。2. break out(战争、打斗等不愉快的事情)突然开始；爆发break in 强行进入；打断break through 突破；冲破break up 破碎；解散；分手break off 断开；中断；停顿break away from 逃脱；脱离break into 强行闯入；突然开始break down 出故障；垮掉例句Hebroke intomy house
18、 and stole my money.他闯进我家偷了我的钱。The meetingbroke upat eleven oclock.在11点钟散会。Once you join them, you can neverbreak away fromthem.一旦你入了他们的伙，你就永远不能脱离他们。If you go on working like that, you willbreak downsooner or later.如果你继续像那样工作的话，你迟早会累垮的。3. in charge of主管；掌管take charge of 掌管/负责in charge of 控制/管理free o
19、f charge 免费in sb.s chargein the charge of sb. 由主管(含被动意义)例句The company was badly organized until shetook charge ofit.公司管理很差，直到她掌管为止。The performers have all offered their servicesfree of charge.演员们都愿意免费出演。The company is in the charge of Tomwhen the boss is away.Tom is in charge of the companywhen the
20、boss is away.当老板不在的时候由汤姆负责公司业务。4. faultn. 弱点；过错find fault with sb. 挑剔某人；对某人吹毛求疵find fault in 看出的缺点；找出的毛病例句He is alwaysfinding fault withme, which makes me very angry.他总是找我的茬，这让我很生气。I cantfind fault inyour paper. It is perfect.我找不到你论文中的错误，很完美。重点句式Perhapsnoother scientist has had agreaterimpact on Chi
21、nas aerospace sciencethanQian Xuesen.也许再没有哪一位科学家比钱学森对中国航天科学的影响更大了。句中no.greater.than为“否定词形容词/副词比较级than”结构，表示最高级。表示最高级意义的其他常见结构：never比较级nothing/noso原级as.nothing/no比较级than.比较级thanany单数名词比较级thanany other单数名词比较级thanall (the) other复数名词比较级thananyone else比较级thanany of the other复数名词比较级thanthe rest of复数名词或不可数
22、名词例句I haveneverspent amore worryingday.我从来没有经历过比这更令人担忧的一天了。Tom ismore intelligent than any otherstudent/all the other studentsin his class.汤姆是他班上最聪明的学生。Nothing is as/so important as(more important than) practice.实践最重要。三 Grammar表语从句表语从句放在连系动词之后，充当复合句中的表语。表语从句就是指一个句子作为表语，说明主语是什么或者怎么样。一般结构为“主语系动词表语从句”。
23、可接表语从句的连系动词有be，look，remain，seem等。1. 从属连词that引导的表语从句从属连词that的用法：无意义不充当成分不可省略The reason for his absence is that he hasnt been informed.他缺席的原因是他没接到通知。My suggestion is that we should tell him.我的建议是我们应该告诉他。2. 从属连词whether引导的表语从句The point is whether we should lend him the money.关键在于我们是否应该借钱给他。注意if不能引导表语从句。
24、3. 连接代词和连接副词引导的表语从句The problem is who is really fit for the hard job.问题是谁才真正适合做这份艰苦的工作。This is what I am interested in.这就是我所感兴趣的。Thats where I first met her.那就是我第一次遇见她的地方。4. because，as if/though等引导的表语从句Its just because he doesnt know her.这仅仅是因为他不认识她。Now it seems as though she had known Millie for ye
25、ars.现在好像她认识米莉已有好多年了似的。It sounds as if someone is knocking at the door.听起来好像有人在敲门。5. why和because引导的表语从句的区别Thats why.意为“那是的原因”，强调结果Thats because.意为“那是因为”，强调原因I didnt phone her, and thats why she got angry with me.(强调“没打电话”这一结果)我没有给她打电话。那就是她对我生气的原因。I didnt phone her, and thats because I got angry with
26、her.(强调“生气”这一原因)我没有给她打电话。那是因为我生她的气了。注意reason作主语时，后面的表语从句表示原因时要用that引导，不宜用because。6. 表语从句中的虚拟语气在表语从句中，表示间接的命令、要求、请求、建议、决定等，主句中的主语通常是：advice，suggestion，proposal，request，order，idea等，从句谓语形式是“should动词原形”(should可以省略)。My advice is that you (should) practise speaking English as often as possible.我的建议是你应该尽可能
27、经常地练习说英语。四 Writing表达个人观点类作文文体指导表达个人观点类文章实际上大多数是议论文，有时是夹叙夹议类文章。写好该类作文要注意以下要点：1. 观点鲜明，文章一定要有一个明确的中心论点。2. 层次分明，一个中心论点通常有几个分论点支持，层次要分明，过渡要自然。3. 最后一段一般要总结全文，得出一个符合逻辑的结论，突出中心思想。4. 通常采用一般现在时。5. 语言简洁有力，一般不采用口语。基本框架1. 开头开门见山，说明主题，并表明个人观点。2. 主体从不同的角度给出详细的论据支持。3. 结尾得出结论或重新强调自己的观点。常用词块1. attach great importance
28、 to高度重视2. play a vital part in在中起重要作用3. make outstanding contributions to对做出杰出贡献4. serve the society服务社会5. from my point of view依我之见6. a wise choice一个明智的选择7. support the opinion支持这个观点8. oppose the opinion反对这个观点9. the following three reasons以下三个原因10. become more and more popular变得越来越受欢迎常用语句1. They ho
29、ld the belief that the historical plays are attractive and easy to understand.他们认为这些历史剧有吸引力，容易理解。2. As far as I am concerned, I like reading books, because books tell me the truth and encourage us to use our imagination.就我而言，我喜欢读书，因为书告诉我真相，鼓励我们使用我们的想象力。3. However, every coin has two sides.然而，任何事物都有两
30、面性。4. After all, not everyone dares to face reality bravely.毕竟，不是每个人都敢勇敢地面对现实。5. Some students support the opinion. Other students oppose the opinion.一些学生支持这个观点。其他学生反对这个观点。6. There are at least three good points of shopping online.网上购物至少有三点好处。7. Such a situation should be changed to give students bo
31、th pleasure and knowledge.这种情况应该改变，以便给予学生乐趣和知识。8. In my opinion, I prefer shopping online, because going shopping is a kind of enjoying life for me and I can also get what I really want.在我看来，我更喜欢网上购物，因为购物对我来说是享受生活，我也可以得到我真正想要的东西。学以致用每年，国家科学技术奖励大会都会在北京人民大会堂隆重举行，届时党和国家领导人会为获奖的科学家颁奖。请你围绕以下要点谈谈你的个人看法。1.
32、 党和政府为什么如此重视科技事业的发展；2. 作为一名高中生，你应该如何去做。注意：1. 词数80左右；2. 短文要求包含所有要点，但不要逐条翻译；3. 可以适当增加细节以使行文连贯；4. 开头已为你写好，但不计入总词数。Every year, the National Science Technology Award Ceremony is held in the Great Hall of the People.参考范文 Every year, the National Science Technology Award Ceremony is held in the Great Hall
33、of the People. At that time, the top leaders of our country award medals to scientists who achieve those goals. Its clear that the government attaches great importance to science and technology. Theres no doubt that science and technology play a vital part in a countrys development. Those who receive the awards deserve them because, through years of hard work, they have made outstanding contributions to our country. China needs more scientists and inventors like them. As a senior school student, Ill try my best to learn all my subjects well so as to serve the society as well as our country.
