1、Unit1 Science and ScientistsWords and Expressions1. cholera n. 霍乱 /U/have/deveplop cholera 患霍乱2. severe a. 极为恶劣的;十分严重的;严厉的 severely adv.严重地; 严厉地; 严格地a severe punishment/sentence/expression 重罚/重判/严厉的表情severity n. /U/ the severity of the problem 问题的严重性3. diarrhea /diarrhea dar n.腹泻 (the runs 腹泻) have/
2、get diarrhoea/the runs 腹泻; 拉肚子4. dehydration n. 脱水 dehydrate vt. 使脱水，使干燥;vi.（人体的）脱水，失水 die from severe dehydration 死于严重脱水5. frustrated a. 懊恼的;沮丧的;失意的 frustrating adj. 使人沮丧的，令人泄气的 frustrate vt. 使懊恼;使沮丧 frustration n.懊恼;沮丧16. once and for all最终地;彻底地 It is time we dealt with the issue once and for all.
3、 completely adv. 完全地; 彻底地 entirely adv. 全部地; 完整地; 完全地7. contradictory a. 相互矛盾的;对立的;不一致的contradictorily adv. 反驳地; 矛盾地contradictvt. 反驳；相矛盾；驳斥；相抵触反驳；相矛盾；驳斥；相抵触contradiction (between A and B) n. 矛盾，不一致矛盾，不一致8. infection n. 感染;传染 9. infect vt. 使感染;传染infect sb/sth with sth 传染某人.；使某人感染.;用影响某人be infected wi
4、th/by. 感染., 沾染上.get infected 受感染be infected with. 感染., 沾染上.infector n. 传播者，传染者 infected adj. 被感染/影响的21. _(霍乱 ) used to be one of the most _ (fear) diseases in the world, until a British doctor, John Snow, showed how it could _(overcome) . 2. The man _(infect) _ cholera. 3. He discovered that in two
5、particular streets the cholera outbreak was so _ (severe) _ more than 500 people died in ten days.4. _ general, doctors in those days had two _ (contradict) theories _ (explain) how cholera spread. 5. Your actions _(contradictory) your words. 6. Runners can _(dehydration)very quickly in this heat. 7
6、. His illness causes severe _ (腹泻), _(脱水), _ even death. 8. As a young doctor, John Snow became _ (frustrate) because no one knew how _(prevent) cholera.1Cholerafearedbe overcomehas been infectedwithseverethatIncontradictoryto explaincontradictdehydrate diarrhoeadehydrationandfrustratedto prevent10.
7、 germ n. 微生物;细菌;病菌; (pl. germs)Disinfectant kills germs.消毒剂可杀菌。11. subscribe v. 认购(股份);定期订购;定期交纳(会费) subscriber n. 用户，订户; 定期捐款者; 签署者subscribe for. 认购(股份)subscribe to sth 定期订购; 定期缴纳; 定期捐款; 赞助12. subscribe to sth 同意.;赞同. subscribe to the resolution 赞同这项决议13. proof n. 证据;证明;检验 need proof 需要证明需要证明14.mul
8、tiple a. 数量多的;多种多样的multiple injuries 多处受伤multiply vt.& vi. 乘; （使）相乘; （使）增加; （使）繁殖;315. pump n. 泵;抽水机;打气筒; 帆布鞋 (pl. pumps)16. water pump水泵 17.household n.家人;家庭;同住一所(套)房子的人 (pl. households)adj.用于n.前 household bills/chores/goods 家庭账单/杂务/用品18. suspect vt.vi.怀疑;疑有;不信任 n. 犯罪嫌疑人;可疑对象suspect sb of sth/of do
9、ing sth 怀疑某人有.罪19. blame v. 把归咎于;责怪;指责 n. 责备;指责blame sb for 因责备be to blame for. (不好的事) 对负责任only have oneself to blame 只能怪自己; 是自己的错pin the blame on.向.甩锅take/get the blame for. 为.背锅lay/put the blame for sth on sb 把某事归咎于某人4 pump pump1. Another was that cholera was caused by an _ (infect) from _(germ) i
10、n food or water. 2. The drug _(suspect) _ causing over 200 deaths. 3. John Snow suspected _ the water pump was to blame. 4. She doesnt blame anyone _ her fathers death.5. The US president put the blame _ China.6. He was unwilling _(subscribe) _ the agreement.7. There were _(multiply) deaths near the
11、 water pump in Broad Street documents at the library.However, some _(household) (such as 20 and 21 Broad Street, and 8 and 9 Cambridge Street) had had no deaths.2infectiongermsis suspectedofthatforonto subscribetomultiplehouseholds20. handle n.把手;拉手;柄 vt. 处理;搬动;操纵(车辆/动物/工具等) handle the crisis 处理危机处理
12、危机 the handle of the pump 泵的手柄泵的手柄 21. intervention n. 介入;出面;干涉intervention in sth 出面；介入 intervene in sth intervene vi. 出面；介入; 阻碍；干扰; 插嘴; 介于之间22. link n. 联系;纽带 vt. 把连接起来;相关联a link between the two murders 两桩凶杀案有关联link. to/with/and . 把.连接/联系起来23. raw a 未煮的;生的;未经处理的;原始的raw material 原材料get a raw deal 受到
13、不公正的对待; 得到不公平的待遇24. pure a. 干净的;纯的;纯粹的 a bottle of pure water 一瓶纯净水一瓶纯净水 pure and simple 纯粹地纯粹地purely adv. 完全地完全地;纯粹地纯粹地; 纯洁地纯洁地 525. substantial a. 大量的;价值巨大的;重大的 substantially adv.本质上;实质上; 大体上; 充分地; 相当多地;substance n. 物质物质;材料材料substantial sums of money大笔的钱26. decrease n. 减少;降低;减少量(by表增减的幅度表增减的幅度to表增
14、减到表增减到) vt.vi.(使大小、数量等) 减少;减小;降低 reduce v. 减少 fall v. 减少;下降; 减小 drop v. 降低; 减少 increase v. 增加 rise v. 上升; 增长27.thanks to幸亏;由于 (状)owing to. 由于; 因为(状) due to 由于; 因为(表、状)as a result of. 由于; 因为(状) because of . 因为(状)because/since/as/for + 陈述句 由于; 因为28.statistic n. pl. statistics 统计数字;统计资料;统计学 631. The Pr
15、esident _(intervention) personally _ the crisis last year. 2. Moreover, John Snow was later able to show _link _other cases of cholera and the different water companies in London. 3. The country has to import most of _ raw _(material) .4. Through John Snows _(tire) efforts, water companies began to
16、sell clean water and the threat of cholera around the world saw a _(substantially) decrease. 5. They are making every effort _ ( decrease) the production cost _ 20%.6. Fortunately, we now know how to prevent cholera, _ (由于) the work of John Snow.7. Recent _ (statistic) suggest 30 or more of college
17、students cheat in _ exams.intervenedinabetween itsmaterialstirelesssubstantialto decreasebythanks tostatisticstheir29.transform vt. 使改观;使改变形态 vi. 改变;转变transform/change into 把.变成.transform sth/sb from sth into sth 把.从.变成.transformation n. 变化; 转换; 转换; 变换;30. epidemiology n. 流行病学 epidemic adj.流行性的,传染的
18、epidemiologist n.流行病学家31.microscope n. 显微镜 under a microscope 在显微镜下look through a microscope at plant cells通过显微镜观察植物细胞通过显微镜观察植物细胞32.thinking n. 思想;思维;见解do some quick thinking 迅速思考thought n. 想法; 看法; 主意; 记忆 think v. 认为; 思考;733.protein n. 蛋白质Rice contains protein and fat.大米中含有蛋白质和脂肪。大米中含有蛋白质和脂肪。34.cell
19、 n. 细胞;小房间;单间牢房 (pl. cells)blood cells 血细胞35.virus n. 病毒 (pl. viruses)the flu virus 流感病毒 a virus infection 病毒感染36.finding n. 发现;调查结果;(法律)判決 (pl. findings)the findings of the commission 委员会的调查结果37.initial a. 最初的;开始的; (用于名词前用于名词前)第一的 initials n.（全名的）首字母（全名的）首字母Just write your initials.写下你的姓名首字母即可。写下你的
20、姓名首字母即可。my initial reaction 我最初的反应我最初的反应initially adv. 开始开始; 最初最初8telescope microscope microscope1. Moreover, in his use of _(map) and _ (statistic),John Snow _(transform) the way _scientists study diseases.2. _(transform) hills into fields is an extremely tough job. 3. I believe she will transform
21、the child _ a speaker. 4. Fish is _ rich source of _ (protein) . 5. The virus is not _(pass) on through touching or shaking hands.6. What was the _(find) that John Snow announced?7. Even if thats the case, though, the above _(find) are still _(strike) .8. _(我最初的反应我最初的反应) was to refuse his offer.4map
22、sstatisticstransformedthat/in which/To transformintoaproteinpassedfindingfindingsstrikingMy initial reaction938.vaccine n.疫苗 (pl. vaccines)take a vaccine (against.) 接种疫苗接种疫苗taken a vaccine against Covid-19 接种抗冠状病毒的疫苗39. framework n.框架;结构 (pl. frameworks)40. theoretical framework 理论框架 a good theoreti
23、cal framework 一个良好的理论框架一个良好的理论框架41. solid a. 可靠的;固体的;坚实的 n. 固体solidly adv. 坚固地; 牢靠地; 团结一致地all solid food 所有的固体食物have no solid evidence 没有确凿的证据没有确凿的证据42.cast vt.( cast cast) 投射;投以(视线、笑容等);投掷cast a welcoming smile 微笑以示欢迎43.shadow n. 阴影;影子;背光处 (pl. shadows)cast a shadow on. 在某处投下/留下影子; 给.蒙上阴影1044.rainb
24、ow n. 彩虹 (pl. rainbows) cast a rainbow 照出一道彩虹45.pour vt. 倒出;倾泻;斟(饮料)pour sth out 倒倒/斟饮料斟饮料pour sb sth = pour sth for sb 给某人倒.pour a cup of tea for you 给你倒杯茶给你倒杯茶pour down 倾盆而下倾盆而下; 下大雨下大雨46.concrete n. 混凝士 a. 混凝土制的;确实的;具体的concrete evidence/proposals 确凿的证据/具体的建议a concrete floor 混凝土地面concretely adv.具体
25、地47.plasma n. 血浆The blood is made up of blood cells and plasma. 5The report provides a framework for further research.The theory provides a good theoretical framework for Chinas foreign language teaching. The man has always lived in the shadow of her wife.2)As the sun went down, we cast long shadows
26、 on the sportsground. 3)I thought I saw a person standing in the shadows.4)He didnt want to cast a shadow on their happiness.Soon the rain stopped, the sun came out, and a rainbow appeared in the sky. A non-Newtonian fluid is strange because you can pour it like a liquid, but if you put any pressure
27、 on it, it suddenly becomes hard as concrete.48. aerospace n. 航空航天工业 (pl. aerospaces)aero- 空气的空气的; 空中的空中的; 飞行器的飞行器的aeroplane/airplane/plane n.飞机飞机an aerospace engineer 航空航天工程师49. patriotic a. 爱国的patriotic songs 爱国歌曲a patriotic overseas Chinese 爱国的海外爱国的海外华人华人patriotically adv.爱国地；忧国地50. mechanical a.
28、 机械的;发动机的;机器的a mechanical problem 一个机械问题mechanically adv. 机械方面地; 机械地; 物理上地; 呆板地51. mechanic n. 机械师;机械修理工 (pl. mechanics)a car mechanic一个 汽车修理工52. break out (战争、打斗等不愉快的事情)突然开始;爆发 1153. aviation n. 航空制造业;航空;飞行 /U/civil/military aviation 民用 / 军用航空aviate vi. 驾驶飞机，乘坐飞机; vt. 驾驶（飞机）;aviator n. 飞机驾驶员，飞行员=pi
29、lot54. defend vt. 保卫;防守;辩解defend sb/yourself/sth from/against sb/sth 防御；保护；保卫defence/defense n. 防御防御; 国防国防55. jet n. 喷气式飞机 (pl. jets)a jet aircraft/fighter/airliner 喷气式飞机 / 战斗机 / 客机56. assistant n. 助理;助手 (pl. assistants )a senior research assistant 高级研究助理a sales/shop assistant in a department store一
30、名百货公司售货员57. in charge of.(某人) 主管.;掌管. be in the charge of(某物) 由主管; 掌管take charge of主管.; 掌管.121. _(patriotic) , he buys only U.S.-made products.2. _(describe) as a man with “great scientific _(think) and scientific spirit” who was _ (patriotic) and _(serve) his homeland with effort, achievement, and
31、devotion, Qian was an extremely well-respected man. 3. He nodded _( mechanic) , his eyes _(fix) on the girl. 4. The train stopped due to a _( mechanic) problem. 5. He worked as a motor _( mechanic). 6. However, after the Songhu Battle broke _ in 1932, Qian made the decision to switch his major to _(
32、aviate) because he realised that China needed its own powerful air force to protect and defend the country. 7. The young doctor is _(掌管) the hospital.8. The hospital is _(掌管)the young doctor.6PatrioticallyDescribedthoughtpatrioticserved mechanicallyfixedmechanicalmechanicoutaviationin charge ofin th
33、e charge of 58. missile n. 导弹 (pl. missiles)nuclear missiles 核导弹a missile base/site 导弹基地 / 发射场59. leadership n. 领导;领导地位;领导才能lead vt. 领导; 带领 leader n. 领袖; 领导; 首领under the leadership of. = under ones leadership 在.的领导下60. trace vt. 追溯;追踪;查出 n. 痕迹;遗迹;踪迹trace sth (back) to. 追溯什么到.date back to/from. 始于; 追
34、溯到go back to. 追溯到61. outstanding a. 优秀的;杰出的;明显的 excellent adj. 优秀的; 很好的; 好极了striking adj. 显著的; 引人注目的1362. gifted a. 有天赋的;有天才的;天资聪慧的 gift n. 礼物; 天赋 have a gift for 对有天赋be gifted in. 在.方面有天赋 be gifted with. 具有(令人愉快的东西)be gifted with a charming smile 有一副迷人的微笑有一副迷人的微笑63. come down患(病);染上(小病) come down w
35、ith. 染上.病;患上.病come down with a heavy cold患上重感冒64. abstract a. 抽象的;理性的 n. (文献等的)摘要abstract knowledge/principles 理论知识；抽象原理abstractly adv.抽象地，理论上地65. steady a. 稳定的;平稳的;稳步的 steadily adv. 稳定地; 持续地; 稳固地;a steady job/income 稳定的工作/收入Ready, steady, go! = Ready, set, go ! (赛跑口令)各就各位,预备,跑!14 Dongfeng missiles
36、Dongfeng missiles1. The guidance systems didnt work _ the missile couldnt hit _ target.2. _ Qians leadership, China developed the Dongfeng _(missile) , _(follow) by the first generation of Long March rockets.3. Many countries praised his _(lead) during the crisis. 4. I could _(trace) my family tree
37、back _ _ 17th century. 5. The police have found some _(trace) of the robbers.6. He _(gift) _ a charming smile.7. Stephen Hawking was one of the most famous and _(gift) scientists _ physics.7anditsUndermissilesfollowedleadership tracetothetraceswas giftedwithgiftedin66. concept n. 概念;观念 (pl. concepts
38、) grasp the basic concepts of mathematics掌握数学的基本概念67. astronomer n. 天文学家 (pl. astronomers)68. astronomy n. 天文学 69. telescope n. 望远镜look at the stars through a telescope 通过望远镜观察恒星binoculars n. 双筒望远镜microscope n. 显微镜70. besides prep.除之外(还) adv. 而且;此外beside prep. 在旁/附近71. brilliant a. 聪颖的;绝妙的;明亮的brilli
39、ance n.才华; 光亮，光辉 brilliantly adv.灿烂地;出色地;72. furthermore ad. 此外;再者 =moreover = what is more = besides= in addition 151673. above all最重要的是;尤其是all in all 总而言之 after all毕竟 in all/total总共first of all 首先 last of all 最后 not at all 一点也不74. fault n. 弱点;过错 (pl. faults)find fault with. 找.岔子; 挑剔.It is ones fau
40、lt that. .是某人的过错/责任It is ones fault for doing sth .是某人的过错75. shift n. 改变;转换;轮班 vi.vt.转移;挪动;转向be on the day/night shift (at.) (在某单位)上白班/夜班76. vivid a. 生动的;鲜明的;丰富的vividly adv. 生动地vividness n.（色彩、光线等）鲜艳; 活泼; 生动; 逼真the vividness of my dream 我的梦境的清晰逼真1777. Queen Victoria 维多利亚女王(英国女王)78. Cambridge剑桥(英国城市)
41、79. non-Newtonian fluid 非牛顿流体80. the Jet Propulsion Laboratory 喷气推进实验室(美国)81. Stephen Hawking 史蒂芬霍金(英国物理学家) 82. the big bang theory大爆炸宇宙论83. Fred Hoyle 弗雷德霍伊尔(英国天文学家)1. Mathematics is connected with _(astronomy).2. Hawkings own work on the big bang theory was soon proven by _(astronomy) _ telescopes
42、.3. Besides _(work) as a doctor, he also writes novels _ his spare time.4. Besides _(be) brilliant, he was brave, though sometimes _(care) in what he said or did.5. Above all, Hawking was willing to admit his _(fault). 6. It was his fault _ we were late _ the conference.7. Attitudes to the poor peop
43、le _(shift) in recent years.8. They are taking turns to be _(上夜班) . 8astronomyastronomerswithworkinginbeing carelessfaultsthatforhave shiftedon the night shiftP4 1.Find the words from the previous pages with the following prefixes or suffixes. Then add two words for each prefix or suffix. Prefix suf
44、fixRe-oryDis-ionMicro-ialTrans-ologyMis-alUn-orMulti-ist retell disappoint Microsoft transformmisunderstand Unlike multiplerecycledislikemicrophonetransportMisleadingunhappymultinationaltheoryactionbeneficialbiologynaturalactorbiologistcontradictory invention official geology actual inventor scienti
45、st1. Many scientists _the view that it is human activity that has caused global warming.2.He was to_ the accident because he drove on the wrong side of the road.3 The man _being behind the robbery was seen crossing the street.4 Since heart disease is often_ our lifestyle choices, we need to make hea
46、lthy living an important part of our lives.Subscribe to suspect sb of sth blame for sth link sth to sthsubscribe to blame for suspected of linked to P4 2. Fill in the blanks with the following phrases.3. Replace the underlined parts with suitable words from the box.1. It is not unusual for an athlet
47、e to be well known while he is active, and quickly forgotten when his athletic career is over.2. Im sure shell deal with the changes very well because shes very adaptable.3. He was ready to serve dinner to his friends when he realized that he had forgotten to turn on the oven and the meat was not co
48、oked yet.4. He used his great influence to change the thinking of the scientific community on this issue.5. Scientists have collected more data than expected to prove the theory.raw a household name substantial statistics handleraw statistics substantial handlea household name 家喻户晓的人物 4. Read this p
49、assage about medical science. Complete it using the words below.infection multiple decrease severe transform proof blame substantial British scientists believe they may have found a way to fight the common cold. It blocks a key protein in the body cells that is to _ for the spread of cold-causing vi
50、rus. Targeting he host rather than _was a bit non-traditional but made sense because it was tricky to target the virus. Cold-causing virus are not only of _kinds, they also _ rapidly, meaning they can quickly develop resistance to medicine. Researchers are working on making a form of medicine that c
