1、本单元要掌握的重点单词及用法pleasant massive bound sceneryspectacular peak highlight freezing anticipate thunder frost borderalongside astonish advertisement enroll take sb.s breath away contrary toowe sth to sb.despite+ n./pron./doingit was not untilthathave/has been doing sth. 现在完成进行时1. all the way 一路上，自始自终，一直，
2、完全地 run all the way to+ 地点 一路跑向2. be typical of 是的特点 typical a. 典型的 it is typical of sb. to do sth. 做某事是某人的特征，某人一贯 typically adv. 典型地，通常 3. arise vi. 起身，出现，由引起 arise from/out of. 由.产生/引起= result from4. massive adj. 巨大的，非常严重的 make a massive effort 付出巨大的努力 massively adv. massiveness n. 沉重; 巨大，大块; 大量 m
3、ass n. 团，块，众多，群众 adj.大规模的，民众的 a mass of rocks 一堆石块 a mass of = masses of 大量的 （+不可数名词或可数名词复数，修饰名词作主语时， 谓语动词的单复数 取决于mass的单复数形式） 5. pleasant a. 令人愉快的;友好的 a pleasant climate/evening/place 令人愉快的气候令人愉快的气候/夜晚夜晚/地方地方 be pleasant/friendly to sb 对对.友好友好 be pleasant to do sth. 做某事很惬意做某事很惬意 be pleasant to the e
4、ye/taste 悦目悦目/可口可口 pleasantly adv. 愉快地 pleasantness n. 愉快;舒适;和蔼可亲 pleased a. 欣喜的，高兴的，愉快的 be pleased with = be content with 对感到满意 be pleased to do sth. 高兴/乐于做某事 pleasing a. 令人高兴的，令人满意的6. literally adv.字面上;真正地 literally speaking 照字义来说，不夸张地说 be literally understood 按照字面意思理解 literal adj. 字面上的; 原义的; 逐字的;
5、 言辞刻板的7. breath n.呼吸的空气 take a breath 吸气; 呼吸 take a deep breath 深吸一口气 hold ones breath 屏住呼吸; 屏住气 out of breath 上气不接下气 breathe v. 呼吸8. take sbs breath away 令人惊叹; 使某人惊羡不已9. bound a. 准备前往(某地);一定会 be bound to do sth./be 一定会一定会.；很可能会；很可能会. be bound by sth 受（法律、义务或情况）约束受（法律、义务或情况）约束 be bound for正旅行去（某地）；准
6、备前往（某地）正旅行去（某地）；准备前往（某地） be bound up with 与与有联系有联系; 和和.密切相密切相关关10. scenery Un. 风景;景色某一地区总的自然景色 enjoy/admire the scenery 欣赏风景 watch/see the scenery 看风景11. awesome a. 令人惊叹的;可怕的;很好的 awesomely beautiful 极其美丽 awesomely adv. 12. spectacular a. 壮观的;壮丽的;惊人的 n.壮丽的场面;精彩的表演 a spectacular achievement 一项了不起的成就一项
7、了不起的成就 spectacularly adv. 壮观地, 令人吃惊地, 惊人的13. peak n. 顶峰;山峰;尖形 at the peak of 在高峰期 peak time (收听广播/收看电视的)高峰时间 (be) at the peak of ones career. 处在某人事业的巅峰14. highlight n. 最好或最精彩的部分 vt. 突出;强调;使醒目 the highlights of 的亮点的亮点/高峰期高峰期 highlight the importance of 强调强调的重要性的重要性15. drill vi.vt .钻(孔);打(眼) n. 钻(头);训
8、练;演习 drill five holes in the brick wall 在砖墙上打五个洞在砖墙上打五个洞 an electric drill 电钻 military drill 军事训练; 军事演习 drill for oil 钻探石油16. anticipatevt. 预料;预见;期望 anticipate (doing) sth 预料(做). antcipate that .预料 it is antcipated that .据预料. anticipation n. 预期; 预计; 期盼; 预料; 期望17. go through 经历，经受，检查，完成，用完 go through
9、 many difficulties 经历很多困难 go through ones paper 检查某人的试卷 go through the task 完成任务 go through all ones savings 花光某人所有的积蓄 look through 快速查看，浏览 see through 看穿，识破 get through 通过（考试等）；做完；（用电话）接通 break through 冲破，突破18. bunch n. 束;串;捆 a bunch of一束;一串;一群;大量 a bunch of keys/flowers 一串钥匙/一束花19. thunder v. 打雷，轰
10、隆隆地响，怒喝 n. 雷声；轰隆声 thunderous adj. 雷鸣般的20. frost n. 霜; 严寒天气; 霜冻 vt. 使蒙上霜; 结霜 frost over/up 结满霜结满霜; 蒙上霜蒙上霜 frosty adj. 严寒的; 霜冻的; 冷淡的; 灰白的; frostily adv. 寒冷地，冷漠地; 冷峻地;21. curtain n.窗帘 draw/pull/open/close a curtain 拉拉上上/打开打开/关上窗帘关上窗帘 pull back the curtain 拉开窗帘拉开窗帘22. border n. 国界;边界(地区) v. 毗邻; 环绕; 与接壤;
11、 接近 cross the border 穿越边界 on/at the border (of) 在()边界上 border on 与接壤；接近23. duration n. 持续时间; 期间 for the duration of. 在在.期间期间 the duration of insurance 保险期限保险期限 a duration of four days 持续时间为持续时间为4 4天天 during prep. 在在.期间期间 24. enroll vi.vt.(使)加入;注册;登记 enroll on/in a course 注注册学习一门册学习一门课程课程 enroll for
12、报名参加报名参加 enroll sb. as 招收某人为招收某人为 enrollment n. 登记，注册（人数）; 入会; 入学; 入伍 enrollee n. 入会者; 入学者; 入伍者; 名字被登入名单者25. quarry n. 采石场 vt.&vi. 挖掘;费力地找; (pl. quarries) take stones from the quarry 从采石场挖掘石头26. be impressed by = be impressed with 对印象深刻 impress sb. with sth.=impress sth. on sb. 使某人铭记某事； 使某人意识到某事的重要性
13、 leave/make/give a good impression on sb. 给某人留下好印象 leave/make/give a deep impression on sb. 给某人留下深刻的印象 impressive adj. 令人印象深刻的27. date back to = date from 起源于，追溯到 date from, date back to常用于一般现在时，没有进行时态和被动语态。常用现在分词形式作定语或状语。 date from/date back to+表示具体时间的名词 date back +表示一段时间的名词 set/fix a date for 确定的日
14、期28. contrary a. 相反的;相对立的 n. 相反的事实(或事情) quite /onthecontrary 与此相反，正相反(作状语时位置灵活) to the contrary 相反的(相当于形容词或副词，可放在修饰的名词后做后置定语) in contrast to. 与.形成对比= in comparison with.29. astonish vt. 使十分惊讶;使吃惊 it astonishes sb. that 让某人感到惊讶的是 astonishing adj.令人惊讶的 astonished adj.感到惊讶/惊奇的 be astonished at/by sth.
15、因某事而吃惊 be astonished to do sth. 因做某事而吃惊 astonishment n.惊讶 to ones astonishment 使某人惊讶的是 sb be astonished at sth / to do sth / that 某人对.感到惊讶30. proceed vi. 行进;继续做 proceed/continue to do. = go on to do 继续做; 接着做(另一事) go on doing= continue doing 继续做(同一事)31. proceed to/with sth 进而做(参加) ;进行继续某事 proceedfrom
16、.从.着手;开始继续 proceed to do sth. 接着/继续做某事32. shore n. 岸;滨 (pl. shores) on shore 在岸上在岸上; 在在陆上陆上33. misty a.多雾的;模糊的; misty memories 朦胧的记忆 mist n. 薄雾;水汽 vt.&vi.（使）蒙上薄雾; （使）模糊 in a mist 在雾中 frost mist 霜雾 eg.Tears misted his eyes. 泪水模糊了他的双眼。34. steel n. 钢;钢铁工业 an iron and steel works 钢铁厂 35. dusk n. 黄昏;傍晚 a
17、t dusk/nightfall 在黄昏/傍晚 at dawn/sunrise/sunset/noon/midday/midnight/dark 在黎明/日出时/日落时/中午/半夜/天黑时36. in contrast to 与形成对比，与相比 in/by contrast = on the contrary 与此相反，与相比 contrast with 与相比 contrastwith 使与形成对比37. advertisement /adn.广告;启事 (pl. advertisements) put/place an advertisement (for.) (为.)打广告 advert
18、ise v. 打广告; 征聘; 宣传 advertiser n. 广告公司，广告商38. accent n. 口音 dialect n. 地方话; 土话; 方言 She spoke English with an accent .她说英语带有口音。39. photographer n. 摄影师;拍照者 (pl. photographers) photograph n. 照片; 相片 vt.& vi.为拍照; 拍照，摄影 photography n. 摄影(术); 照相(术)40. owe vt. 欠(账、债、情等) owe sth to sb =owe sb sth 欠(某人情);把归功于某人
19、 owe sb. for sth. 因某事欠某人钱因某事欠某人钱 owing to= because of 因为，由于因为，由于 owe it to sb. that从句从句 归功于某人归功于某人 it做形式宾语做形式宾语41. toast n.烤面包片;吐司;干杯 vt. 为干杯 vi. 烤(尤指面包) drink (a toast) to sb/sth 为.干杯 = toast sb/sth propose a toast to sb/sth 提议为.干杯42. dream of / about 梦想，向往 dream + that从句 梦想/梦到 never dream that从句 做
20、梦也没想到 realize ones dream 实现某人的梦想 beyond ones widest dreams 做梦也想不到 dream a sweet/terrible dream 做了一个美梦/噩梦43. coherent a. 有条理的;清楚易懂的 coherence n. 连贯性，条理性 coherently adv.条理清楚地; 连贯地on the Atlantic coast 在大西洋沿岸rather than . 而不.travel by commercial airline 乘坐商业航班all the way 一路上,一直，完全take the train to .乘火车
21、到for both of them 对他们俩来说 the thought of doing .的想法cross the whole county by rail 坐火车横穿整个国家on the Atlantic coast 在大西洋沿岸rather than . 而不.travel by commercial airline 乘坐商业航班all the way 一路上,一直，完全take the train to .乘火车到for both of them 对他们俩来说 the thought of doing .的想法cross the whole county by rail 坐火车横穿整
22、个国家before starting out 出发前see the sights 欣赏风光/景点be typical of sb/sth .的典型/代表性despite the weather 尽管天气不佳take a boat ride out 乘船旅行into the bay 驶入海湾. shops selling crafts and antiques 出售手工艺品和古董的店铺the next day 第二天be clear and mild 天气晴朗，温度适宜be pleased to do sth 很高兴做.look out over the city 俯瞰整座城市take a pl
23、easant hike in a forest 在森林中徒步旅行just a short distance away在不远处 before starting out 出发前see the sights 欣赏风光/景点be typical of sb/sth .的典型/代表性despite the weather 尽管天气不佳take a boat ride out 乘船旅行into the bay 驶入海湾. shops selling crafts and antiques 出售手工艺品和古董的店铺the next day 第二天be clear and mild 天气晴朗，温度适宜be p
24、leased to do sth 很高兴做.look out over the city 俯瞰整座城市take a pleasant hike in a forest 在森林中徒步旅行just a short distance away在不远处 arise early 早早起床 take a taxi to .,乘出租车到pass through.通过the Canadian Rockies 加拿大落基山脉look massive 看起来很壮观take sbs breath away 令人惊叹; 使某人惊羡不已with its exceptional beauty 以其独特的美丽take a
25、coach bound.through.to.乘长途汽车去经过到look at the beautiful scenery 望着眼前的美景 agree that .一致认为.the most awesome journey 最棒的旅行in addition to doing 除了.之外one highlight of their trip 旅程的亮点之一many different creatures including .许多不同的生物包括.arise early 早早起床 take a taxi to .,乘出租车到pass through.通过the Canadian Rockies 加
26、拿大落基山脉look massive 看起来很壮观take sbs breath away 令人惊叹; 使某人惊羡不已with its exceptional beauty 以其独特的美丽take a coach bound.through.to.乘长途汽车去经过到look at the beautiful scenery 望着眼前的美景 agree that .一致认为.the most awesome journey 最棒的旅行in addition to doing 除了.之外one highlight of their trip 旅程的亮点之一many different creatu
27、res including .许多不同的生物包括.catch the train towards. 赶上了开往的火车the provincial capital 省首府;省会the centre of . .的中心oil and gas drilling industry 油气开采业be freezing cold in winter 冬季十分寒冷with daily temperatures averaging .平均日气温 be too cold to go outdoors 天寒地冻不适合户外活动be home to 的故乡/所在地/发源地/中心be home to many shopp
28、ing malls 众多大型购物中心catch the train towards. 赶上了开往的火车the provincial capital 省首府;省会the centre of . .的中心oil and gas drilling industry 油气开采业be freezing cold in winter 冬季十分寒冷with daily temperatures averaging .平均日气温 be too cold to go outdoors 天寒地冻不适合户外活动be home to 的故乡/所在地/发源地/中心be home to many shopping mal
29、ls 众多大型购物中心the train headed .火车开往across the great Canadian Prairie 穿越加拿大大草原be only slightly over thirty-seven million 才刚过3700万anticipate (doing) sth 预料(做).see such an open country 看到如此辽阔的国度go through two wheat-growing provinces穿过两个种植小麦的省份a bunch of farms that covered .一堆农场覆盖the train headed .火车开往acr
30、oss the great Canadian Prairie 穿越加拿大大草原be only slightly over thirty-seven million 才刚过3700万anticipate (doing) sth 预料(做).see such an open country 看到如此辽阔的国度go through two wheat-growing provinces穿过两个种植小麦的省份a bunch of farms that covered .一堆农场覆盖after another day on the train 在火车上又过了一天be back in an urban a
31、rea 回到市区travell through the night 连夜前行a land of forests and lakes 一片充满森林和湖泊的地方the train thundered on .火车隆隆地前进through the rolling hills 穿过起伏的山丘the train turned south towards.火车转向向南confirm that .确认. pull back the curtain 拉开窗帘see the wide stretch of . 辽阔的.映入眼帘It was/is not until . that .直到.才.reached th
32、e capital of .抵达.的省会take a duration of four days 历时四天after another day on the train 在火车上又过了一天be back in an urban area 回到市区travell through the night 连夜前行a land of forests and lakes 一片充满森林和湖泊的地方the train thundered on .火车隆隆地前进through the rolling hills 穿过起伏的山丘the train turned south towards.火车转向向南confirm
33、 that .确认. pull back the curtain 拉开窗帘see the wide stretch of . 辽阔的.映入眼帘It was/is not until . that .直到.才.reached the capital of .抵达.的省会take a duration of four days 历时四天Discovering Useful StructuresGrammar 过去分词作表语和状语Look at the sentences from the text, translate them into Chinese and pay attention to
34、the function of -ed and -ing forms.1. The next day was clear and mild, they were pleased to see the beautiful mountains looking out over the city.2. Seen from the train window, the mountains and forests of Canada looked massive.3. For both of them, the thought of crossing the whole country by rail w
35、as exciting.4. Looking at the beautiful scenery, they both agreed that it was the most awesome journey they had ever taken.1. The next day was clear and mild, they were pleased to see the beautiful mountains looking out over the city.2. Seen from the train window, the mountains and forests of Canada
36、 looked massive.3. For both of them, the thought of crossing the whole country by rail was exciting.4. Looking at the beautiful scenery, they both agreed that it was the most awesome journey they had ever taken.第二天天气晴朗，温度适宜，他们看到壮美的群山俯瞰着整座城市，甚是欣喜。表语状语表语状语从车窗往外望去，加拿大巍峨的山脉和辽阔的森林尽收眼底。一想到可以坐火车横穿整个国家，姐妹俩就
37、激动不已。望着眼前的风景，姐妹俩一致认为这是她们所经历过的最棒的一次旅行。1. The next day was clear and mild, and they were pleased to see the beautiful mountains looking out over the city.2. For both of them, the thought of crossing the whole country by rail was exciting.表语表语感到欣喜的令人兴奋的Observe the sentences3. Seen from the train window
38、, the mountains and forests of Canada looked massive.4. Looking at the beautiful scenery, they both agreed that it was the most awesome journey they had ever taken.状语状语 被从火车车窗望到被动望着美景主动Observe the sentences一、过去分词作表语和状语与动词-ing形式的比较1. 作表语: 过去分词表示人或物的心情或状态等, 也可以理解为心情或状态受到外界影响, 有“感到”之意; 动词-ing形式则表示人或物的自
39、身特征, 有“令人”之意。单词意义1astonished感到吃惊的astonishing令人吃惊的2frightened感到害怕的frightening令人害怕的3amazed感到惊讶的amazing令人惊讶的4surprised感到惊奇的surprising令人惊奇的5inspired感到鼓舞的inspiring令人鼓舞的.2. 作状语: 过去分词与其逻辑主语之间是被动关系, 往往表示完成; 动词-ing形式与其辑主语之间是主动关系, 一般表示动作正在进行。e.g. Seen from the hill, the city looks magnificent.Seeing the polic
40、e, he made a run for the exit.Influenced by his example, they performed countless good deeds. He sat at the table, reading a magazine.二、过去分词作表语1. 过去分词可放在连系动词be, get, feel, remain, seem, look, become等之后作表语, 表示主语所处的情绪或状态。 e.g. He seemed quite delighted at the news. The door remained locked. His mother
41、 got very annoyed because he couldnt recite the idioms.2. 过去分词作表语与被动语态的区别: “be+过去分词”表示状态时, 是系表结构,此时的过去分词通常已形容词化; 表示动作时, 是被动语态, 且绝大多数被动结构中的动作执行者由介词by引出。 e.g. The book is well written. 这本书写得很好。(系表结构,强调主语所处的状态) The book was written by Mo Yan. 这本书是莫言写的。(被动语态,强调主语所承受的动作)3. 英语中有很多与感觉有关的使令动词, 其现在分词表示主动意义,
42、即 “令人的”, 多用来修饰物; 其过去分词表示被动意义, 即“感到的”, 多用来修饰人、人的声音或表情等。 adj. 感到(多指人)excited; interested; worried; surprised; satisfied; encouraged; tired; frightened; annoyed; bored; embarrassed; confused; disappointed; puzzledadj. 令人(多修饰物)exciting; interesting; worrying; surprising; satisfying; encouraging; tiring;
43、 frightening; annoying; boring; embarrassing; confusing; disappointing; puzzling二、过去分词作状语 过去分词(短语)作状语, 表示动作发生的背景或情况, 其逻辑主语就是句子的主语。 过去分词(短语)在句中作状语可以表示时间、原因、条件、让步、方式或伴随等。 1. 表示时间 过去分词(短语)作时间状语, 相当于一个时间状语从句。 e.g. Asked (=When he was asked) what had happened, he lowered his head.2. 表示原因 过去分词(短语)作原因状语,相当
44、于一个原 因状语从句。 e.g. Scared (= Because/As she was scared) of the tiger, the girl didnt dare to sleep alone.3. 表示条件 过去分词(短语)作条件状语,相当于一个条 件状语从句。 e.g. Given (= If we were given) more time, we could do it substantially better.4. 表示让步 过去分词(短语)作让步状语, 相当于一个让 步状语从句。 e.g. Left (Although he was left) at home, Joh
45、n didnt feel scared at all.5. 表示方式或伴随 过去分词(短语)作方式或伴随状语, 可以转 换成一个并列句。 e.g. The teacher entered the classroom, (and he was) followed by a group of students.【注意】1. 过去分词作状语, 它的逻辑主语必须和句子的主语相一致。 e.g. If caught, the police will punish the thief. 误 If caught, the thief will be punished by the police. 正 小偷如果
46、被抓, 会受到警方的惩罚。2. 过去分词作状语时, 其前面可以带有相应的 连词, 如when, though, although, as if, if, unless, until, once等, 表时间、让步、条件方式等。 e.g. If (I am) invited, I will attend the wedding of my friend. 如果受到邀请, 我会参加我朋友的婚礼。Past participle-edPresent participle-ing作表语描述情感：感到感到的描述人/物/地点：令人的作状语与逻辑主语之间的关系是被动的与逻辑主语之间的关系是主动的Summary1
47、. The girls were _ to see such an open country.The farms covered a very large area, which was _.2. Going into the wilderness alone can be _. Do you feel_ when going into the wilderness alone?3. _ from the top of the mountain, the scenery was really fascinating. _ the scenery from the top of the moun
48、tain, I was fascinated by the autumn colours.4. _ eastwards, you will pass the Canadian Rockies. The group of visitors,_ by the tourist guide, really had an enjoyable time in Lake louise.P41 1.Fill in each blank with the correct form of a verb from the box.amazedamazingfrighteningfrightenedSeeingHea
49、ding Describe how things make people feelDescribe the active actionDescribe the passive actionsee frighten head amazeDescribe peoples feelings.1.We became_ when thinking about those beautiful locations in Finland. We expected to experience a lot of _ things there. 2. We went to bed as soon as we arr
50、ived at the hotel because we were so _. The eight-hour train ride was quite _.3. I was not _ with the hotel. It was not as clean as I had expected. But we had a _ meal at the hotels restaurant, so I felt a bit better later on.4. It was raining hard the next day, so we just stayed in the hotel and wa
