1、汽车车灯配光技术汽车车灯配光技术培训教材培训教材Main contentn Photometry basic notionsn Photometric regulationsn Photometric solutionsn Light sourcesn Lighting technologiesn Autolamp appearance Photometry Basic Notions Photometry notionsn Solid Angle 立体角立体角?n Luminous Flux 光通量光通量?n Illuminance 照度照度?n Luminous intensity 发光强
2、度发光强度?Photometry notions Solid angle 立体角 球面上某块面积对球心形成的角称为立体角。立体角的单位为Sr。整个圆球面对应的立体角为整个圆球面对应的立体角为4。Photometry notions Luminous flux光通量, 光源在单位时间内向周围空间辐射并引起视觉的能量，称为光通量. 单位lmPhotometry notions Illuminance 照度, 是用来表示被照面(点)上光的强弱。投射到被照面上的光通量与被照面的面积之比称为该面的照度，单位lx。Photometry notions Luminous intensity 光源在空间某一特
3、定方向上单位立体角内辐射的光通量，称为光源在该方向上的发光强度，单位cd. To remindPhotometry notionsnSolid angle (sr) = Portion of surface limited by a Solid angle (sr) = Portion of surface limited by a cone. cone. 表面对球心的张角。表面对球心的张角。nLuminous flux (lm) = Total amount of light Luminous flux (lm) = Total amount of light emitted by a li
4、ght source. emitted by a light source. 发光体发出的光线数量。发光体发出的光线数量。nIlluminance (lx) = Amount of light received by a Illuminance (lx) = Amount of light received by a given surface. given surface. 被照面接受光通量的密度，用来鉴定被被照面接受光通量的密度，用来鉴定被照面的照明。照面的照明。nLuminous intensity (cd) = Amount of light coming Luminous inten
5、sity (cd) = Amount of light coming out of the bulb in a given direction. out of the bulb in a given direction. 发光体在某个发光体在某个方向上发出的光通量密度，表明了光通量的空间分布。方向上发出的光通量密度，表明了光通量的空间分布。 Photometric RegulationsREGULATIONS GB 11564GB 4599GB 4785GB 5920GB 17509GB 15235GB 7258GB 11554GB 4660GB 15766前位灯后位灯示廓灯和制动灯配光前位灯
6、后位灯示廓灯和制动灯配光性能性能 前雾灯配光性能前雾灯配光性能外部照明和信号装置的安装规定外部照明和信号装置的安装规定前照灯配光性能前照灯配光性能转向信号灯配光性能转向信号灯配光性能倒车灯配光性能倒车灯配光性能机动车回复反射器机动车回复反射器 后雾灯配光性能后雾灯配光性能中华人民共和国国家标准中华人民共和国国家标准机动车运行安全技术条件机动车运行安全技术条件 道路机动车辆灯泡尺寸、光电性能要求道路机动车辆灯泡尺寸、光电性能要求REGULATIONS GB 11564GB 4599GB 4785GB 5920GB 17509GB 15235GB 7258GB 11554GB 4660GB 157
7、66前位灯后位灯示廓灯和制动灯配光前位灯后位灯示廓灯和制动灯配光性能性能 前雾灯配光性能前雾灯配光性能外部照明和信号装置的安装规定外部照明和信号装置的安装规定前照灯配光性能前照灯配光性能转向信号灯配光性能转向信号灯配光性能倒车灯配光性能倒车灯配光性能机动车回复反射器机动车回复反射器 后雾灯配光性能后雾灯配光性能中华人民共和国国家标准中华人民共和国国家标准机动车运行安全技术条件机动车运行安全技术条件 道路机动车辆灯泡尺寸、光电性能要求道路机动车辆灯泡尺寸、光电性能要求REGULATIONS R37R98R48R19R7R112R99R6Fog lamp beamHID bulbsSetup on
8、 the carHID bulbs for low and high beamsPO(AV/AR), STOPHalogen low and high beamsFilament bulbsID (AV/AR/SIDE)ECE RegulationsREGULATIONS R37R98R48R19R7R112R99R6Fog lamp beamHID bulbsSetup on the carHID bulbs for low and high beamsPO(AV/AR), STOPHalogen low and high beamsNon sealed bulbsID (AV/AR/SID
9、E)ECE Regulations R112 - Low beamAiming 照准照准:The cut-off allows the low beam correct aiming.It should not overpass either the broken line HV-H1-H4, or the HV-H3 lineFor a RH driving beam, the horizontal cutoff should be placed to the left side of HV and 1% downwards ( +/-1 horizontal discrepancy is
10、allowed)Measurement conditions:Measurements must be carried out with a standard bulbThe current must be established in order to assure the bulb nominal flux, according to regulation (cf. R37)B50L 1% -6%0,57-3,4275R -1% 2% -0,571,1475L -1%-6% -0,57-3.4250R-1,5%3%-0,861,7150L-1,5% -6% -0,86-3,4250V -1
11、,5% 0% -0,86 025L-3%-15,8%-1,71-925R-3% 15,8%-1,71 9HV 0%0%0 0ZIIIRZIIILZ4Z1P1 7% -14% 4 -8P2 7%0% 4 0P3 7%14% 48P4P5P6P7P8V (%)2H (%)-43,5%3,5%3,5%0%0%-7%0%7%-14%-7%2200V () H ()04-8-4Emin Emax0,4Lx20 Lx0,7Lx2Lx0,7Lx0,7Lx0,7Lx0,7Lx0,7Lx0,7Lx0,7Lx0,7Lx0,7Lx0,7Lx0,7Lx1,5Lx1,5Lx6Lx15Lx12Lx6 Lx6 LxEmin
12、 EmaxCLASS ACLASSB3 Lx0,3Lx0,7Lx0,7Lx0,1Lx0,2Lx0,6Lx0,4Lx12Lx12Lx2Lx2Lx0,7Lx0,7Lx2*50R0,7Lx0,7Lx0,7Lx0,7Lx0,7Lx0,7Lx0,3Lx0,6LxZone 3 3 LXZone 1 12 lx50R: Point located at 50m on the right side on the level of the ground. 12 lxB50L: Point located at 50m on the trajectory of the eye of the driver comi
13、ng from opposite direction.2 lxHC: In LB, it is a point of dazzling (E0.7 Lx) located in the axis of the lamp. 0.8EmaxPhysical significance of the principal pointsHV2L1L2R1RPhotometric requirements:2L2R1L1RHRV(%)H(%)0%0%0%4,5%0%-4,5%0%9%0%-9%MinMAX32 Lx16*75R240Lx16 Lx16 Lx4 Lx4 LxMinMAXCLASS ACLASS
14、 B16*75R240Lx16*75R240Lx16*75R240Lx16*75R240Lx48 Lx24 Lx24 Lx6 Lx6 Lx16*75R240Lx16*75R240Lx16*75R240Lx16*75R240Lx16*75R240Lx16*75R240LxEMAX0,8 * EMAX0,8 * EMAX16*75R240LxAimingFor a mixed headlamp, the high beam will be aimed as it follows the low beam aimingIf the high beam alone should be aimed, t
15、he maximum high beam illuminance should be placed at the HV point. If the high beam is composed by many sources, all of them must be turned on simultaneously for the determination of the high beam maximum illumination point.R112 - High beamH(%)V(%)H()V()EminEMAXHV0%0%001 LxB50L-6%1%-3,42 0,570,5 Lx7
16、5R2%-1%1,14 -0,57 20Lx50L-6%-1,5% -3,42 -0,8620Lx25L1-6%-3%-3,42 -1,7230Lx50V0%-1,5%0-0,86 12Lx50R3%-1,5% 1,72 -0,86 20Lx25L2-15,8%-3%-9-1,724Lx25R1 15,8% -3%9-1,724LxH(%)V(%)H()V()EminEMAX25L3-26,8%-3%-15-1,722Lx25R2 26,8% -3%15-1,722Lx15L-36,4%-5%-20-2,861Lx15R36,4% -5%20-2,861LxP1-14%7%-840,1LxP2
17、0%7%040,1LxP314%7%840,1LxP4-7%3,5%-420,2LxH(%)V(%)H()V()EminEMAXP50%3,5%020,2LxP67%3,5%420,2LxP70%-14%0-80,1LxP80%-7%0-40,2LxA-BSegment 1-9% 9%-1,5%-5,1 5,1-0,866LxC-DSegment 25,6% 15,8%1,8%3,2 916LxE-FSegment 3-16,7% 15%-7,5%-9,5 8,5-4,320LxEMAXREMAXLH0%H 3%H0H0,7170Lx50Lx75R50R25R125R215RP3P6P2P5B
18、CDFH4H2H3H(%)V(%)B50L50 L 20 lx25L125L225L3 15LP1P4P8P7HVAH(%)E50V75L50LV(%)Inside this zone E1 Lux R98 HID Low Beam R98 HID High BeamAiming:For a mixed headlamp, the high beam will be aimed as it follows the low beam aimingIf the high beam alone should be aimed, the maximum high beam illuminance sh
19、ould be placed at the HV point. Many differences may compose the high beam, provided that they are mentioned in the R37 and/or R99 regulations. In that case, all the sources should be turned on when determining the high beam maximum illuminance point (HR)HV2L1L2R1RPhotometric requirements:2L2R1L1RHR
20、V(%)H(%)0%0%0%4,5%0%-4,5%0%9%0%-9%MinMAX70Lx180Lx40 Lx40 Lx10 Lx10 Lx180LxEMAX0,8 * EMAX180Lx180Lx180Lx180Lx R19 Front Fog lampV (%)P1HVV (%)H (%)10%50%P10P12P11P6P4P3P7P2P9P8P5P13P18P17P14P15P16P19P20P21H (%)Zone A: 0,15 E 1 LXZone B: E 1 LXZone C : E 0,5 LXZone D: Emin = 1,5LXZone E: Emin = 0,5LXF
21、or every vertical line of zones E et D at least one point should present an illuminance value above Emin.Regulation by zones (official)Regulation by points (non official)P10% -50%0-26,5P26% -50% 3,44-26,5P33%-9%1,72-5,15P40%-9%0 -5,15P50%0%00P63%0%1,72 0P76%0%3,440P86%50% 3,44 26,5P90%50%026,5P10 0%
22、9%05,15P11 3%9%-1,725,15P12 -3%-40% -1,72-21,8P13-6%-40% -3,44-21,8P14 -6%-18% -3,44-10,2P15 -3%-18% -1,72-10,2P16 -3%0% -1,72 0P17P18P19P20P21V (%)-3,44H (%)0-6%-6%-3%-3%-6%0%18%18%40%40%-3,44-1,72-1,72-3,44V ()H ()10,210,221,821,8EminEmax1Lx0,5Lx1Lx0,5Lx1,5Lx1,5Lx1,5Lx1,5Lx1,5Lx1,5Lx0,5Lx0,5Lx0,15
23、Lx1Lx1Lx0,5Lx0,5Lx1Lx1Lx1Lx1Lx0,5Lx0,15Lx0,15LxMeasurement conditions:Measurement must be performed with a standard bulb.Input tension should be tuned in order to assure that the output nominal flux corresponds to the one specified to the bulb (cf. R37)The photometric grid for signaling 配光分布配光分布Euro
24、pe US JapannSTOPH +/- 20 H +/- 20 H +/- 20 nTURN H +/- 20 H +/- 20 H +/- 20 nFOGH +/- 10 H +/- 10 H +/- 10 nREVERSEH +/- 45 H +/- 45 H +/- 45nHMSLH +/- 10 H +/- 10 H +/- 10 nTAILH +/- 20 H +/- 20 H +/- 20The color for signalingnTAILRedRedRedEuropeUSJapannSTOPRedRedRednTURN AmberAmber / RedAmbernFOGR
25、edRedRednREVERSEWhite White White nHMSLRedRedRedTail LampPhotometry80 ext.20 1050510 2045 int.15 haut 0.050.050.05100.80.850.40.82.80.80.400.051.43.643.61.40.0550.40.82.80.80.4100.80.815 bas0.050.050.05Feu simple / Single lamp I maxi 12cdEnsemble de plusieurs feux / Assembly of several lamps I maxi
26、17cdFeu marqu D (aile + coffre) / Lamps marked D (fender + outer) I maxi 8,5 cd Stop LampPhotometry45 ext.2010505102045 int.15 haut0.30.30.310121256124212600.321546054210.356124212610121215 bas0.30.30.3Feu simple / Single lamp I maxi 185cdEnsemble de plusieurs feux / Assembly of several lamps I maxi
27、 260cdFeu marqu D (1 aile + 1 coffre) / Lamps marked D (fender + outer) I maxi 130 cd Fog LampPhotometry10 ext.50510 int.5 haut1507575015015015075755 bas150I maxi 300cd45 ext.30100103045 int.10 haut101510515202520150152550805025155 bas15255080502515ReversePhotometryHorizontal et plus haut / Horizont
28、al and upper I maxi 300cdEntre 0 et -5 / Between 0 and -5 I maxi 600cdEn dessous de 5 / Behind 5 I maxi 8000 cd Turn indicatorPhotometry80 ext.2010505102045 int.15 haut0.30.30.310101055103510500.317.545504517.50.355103510510101015 bas0.30.30.3I maxi 350cdGB7258 Amendment 1 关于关于GB 7258-2004GB 7258-20
29、04机动车运行安全技术条件机动车运行安全技术条件国家标准第国家标准第1 1号修改通知单号修改通知单, ,经国家标准化管理委员会批准已正式发布经国家标准化管理委员会批准已正式发布, ,于于20062006年年1111月月1 1日起实施。日起实施。 修改内容如下修改内容如下: : 一、删除第一、删除第8.4.38.4.3条条( (前照灯的远、近光灯上下并列设置时前照灯的远、近光灯上下并列设置时, ,近光灯应位于上侧近光灯应位于上侧, ,其它情况下近光灯应位于外侧其它情况下近光灯应位于外侧) )的内容。的内容。 二、第二、第8.4.7.38.4.7.3条中的条中的“在检验前照灯远光光束及远光单在检验
30、前照灯远光光束及远光单光束灯照射位置时光束灯照射位置时”改为改为:“:“在检验前照灯远光照射位置在检验前照灯远光照射位置时时, ,对于能单独调整远光光束的前照灯对于能单独调整远光光束的前照灯”。GB4599 Update本标准代替GB 4599-94汽车前照灯配光性能，与前者相比主要变化如下：增加了HS1、HB3、HB4、H7、H8、H9、H11、HIR1和HIR2类型灯泡；半封闭式前照灯应使用符合GB 15766.1或ECE R37规定的灯丝灯泡 对于半封闭式前照灯，近光暗区增加了八个测试点；增加弯道照明的内容增加了反射镜可调节的半封闭式前照灯配光性能试验方法；增加了附录A“前照灯的配光性能
31、稳定性试验”；增加了附录B“塑料配光镜前照灯的要求配光镜或材料试样和整灯试验”；增加了附录C“试验程序”；增加了附录D“漫射光和透射光的测量方法”；增加了附录E“机械磨损试验方法”；增加了附录F“粘胶带附着力试验”；Lighting FunctionLighting technologies-ParabolaTHE PARABOLIC REFLECTOR HIGH BEAM LOW BEAM n Light shield bulb + parabolic reflector + glass with flutesThe cutoff is provided by the light shiel
32、dH4 bulbThe horizontal spread is made by the glass flutesEnergy loss!Heavy and complex glasses !Lighting technologies-ParabolaTHE COMPLEX SHAPE REFLECTORLighting technologies-SCLighting technologies-SCPEUGEOT 607OPEL VECTRAGOLF A4NISSAN ALMERACutoff made by the shieldLighting technologies-Elliptical
33、THE DEFECTSTWISTING ON COMPLEX SURFACE 扭曲扭曲DEFECTREFLECTORASSEMBLEDHEADLAMPTHE DEFECTSREFERENCE RIB HEIGHTDEFECTREFLECTORASSEMBLEDHEADLAMPTHE DEFECTSLATCHING POSITION DEFECTREFLECTORASSEMBLEDHEADLAMPDEFECTREFLECTORASSEMBLEDHEADLAMPTHE DEFECTSBULB TOPPLINGDEFECTREFLECTORASSEMBLEDHEADLAMPTHE DEFECTSSH
34、RINK MARK 收缩痕收缩痕DEFECTREFLECTORASSEMBLEDHEADLAMPTHE DEFECTSBLISTER 气泡气泡DEFECTREFLECTORASSEMBLEDHEADLAMPSignaling FunctionsSignaling technologies- Fish eyes aspectSignaling technologies- Fish eyes aspectSignaling technologies- Depth aspectSignaling technologies- Depth aspectSignaling technologies- Cl
35、ear lens aspectSignaling technologies- Clear lens aspectSignaling technologies- Dioptric aspectSignaling technologies- Dioptric aspectLight sourcesThe different light sourcesBulb Tungsten FilamentHigh Intensity Discharge (HID) bulb or “Xenon” Different light sources: LEDThe different light sources-H
36、alogen Halogen cycleBulbs for signal lamps in ECE R37TYPESSocketFlux(Lm)TYPESSocketFlux (Lm)P21WBA15s460PY21WBAU15s280P21/5WBA15d440/35R5WBA15s50R10WBA15s125C5WNavette45W5WW2,5 x 9,5d50WY5WW2,5 x 9,5d30W16WW2,1 x 9,5d310W2,3WW2 x 4,6 d18,6P27WW2,5 x 16d475P27/7WW2,5 x 16q475/36PY27WWX2,5 x16q280/21W
37、21WW3 x 16d460WY21WW3 x 16d280W21/5WW3 x 16q460/35WP21WW2,5 x 16d460WPY21WWZ2,5 x 16d 280RY10WBAU 15s75P19W350P24W500PR21W110PR21/5W105/8RR10W30RR5W12Bulbs for headlamps in ECE R37TYPESSocketTFLUX (Lm)TYPESSocketFLUX (Lm)H1P14.5 s1150H4P43 t1250/750HB3P20 d1300HB4P22 d825H7PX26 d1100H8PGJ19-1600H9PG
38、J19-51500H10PY20d600H11PGJ19-21000H12PZ20d775H13PJ264t800/1200H14P38t-33860/1300The different switching on phasesFlux variation2.6 AThe different light sources-HID High Intensity Discharge Cycle The different light sources-HID Comparative chartThe different light sources-HID High Intensity Discharge
39、Main automotive LEDs1 What are Light Emitting Diode - RemindLUMILEDsnSuper Flux 15 lmnPower TopLEDsnAdvanced Power TopLEDsnDragon LEDsFluxRed colorOSRAMSecondary automotive LEDs1 What are Light Emitting Diode - RemindnChip on Board (Sanyo) 2 lmnMulti LEDsnSide LEDsnSmart LEDsFluxOSRAMLight Technolog
40、yLIGHTING SYSTEMS Lighting P2 projectsXenon Range AFSVertical Complex ShapeCompact productLow beam position CharacteristicsCompatible EUR/ USA/JAPANMovement of the shieldElliptic ReflectorSafety Position by actuator spring return In production todayBI-XENON PROJECTOR High beam positionHigh beam posi
41、tionBI-XENON REFLECTOR DBL BENDING LIGHT Dynamic rotative BLCharacteristics Dynamic rotative : adaptable for projector or reflector Rotation (up to 20) driven by steering wheel angle sensor Targets : Increase light on the curves when turning End of validation : July 2002 Regulations : forecasted 200
42、5, full AFS Derogation Request: under study, scheduled end 2003 Sensor Steering wheel Speed Lane departure warning Main rotative BL up to 20SBL BENDING LIGHT Swiveling a Separated reflector BL Targets : Improvement of visibility on the corner at the medium & lower speed & at intersections End of val
43、idation 2002 Compatible US/EU/JAPAN Characteristics : Variable light distribution by movable sub-reflector (30 max. to forward direction) Variable light distribution at intersections (Spread beam pattern over the left and right) Small size adjustable for minor changeLIGHTING SYSTEMS Signaling P2 pro
44、jectsLED rear lampDioptric rear lamp 3D rear lamp Linear rear lampINNOVATION FOR REAR LAMPSLED REAR LAMPVISIBLE LEDSREFLECTORPOLKA-DOTDIOPTRICHOMOGENEOUS STYLEFRESNEL4 OPTICAL SYSTEMSSTYLINGTECHNOLOGYLIGHT GUIDEGUIDEREFLECTORSUPER THINGUIDELIGHT GUIDEREFLECTORGUIDE&VISIBLE LEDSREFLECTORFRUITINNOVATI
45、ON FOR REAR LAMPSLED REAR LAMPSTYLINGTECHNOLOGY4 OPTICAL SYSTEMSMono-LED Rear Combination Lamp All functions in LED One LED per function achieved with new high power LEDs Reduced lamp depth for easy vehicle integration Lower power consumption and materials No need to change LED source for car lifeLamp AppearanceDESIGN PROPOSALS Vertical technologyCompact technologyDynamic Bending LightLED technologyDESIGN PROPOSALS Complex ShapeLED technology3D technologyDESIGN PROPOSALS Thank you
