1、Unit 4GrammarReview of phrasesSection Discovering Useful Structures 1. 在语境中观察感知短语的形式及意义,并通过自主探究,总结短语在句中充当的成分及使用规则,体会其用法与功能。 2. 通过多种形式和多层次的练习,能够正确分辨短语的词性及其在句中充当的成分,并能够熟练运用其进行口头和书面表达。复习短语一、 名词短语 (noun phrases,简称NP) The yellow house is for sale. I want a skate board. Karen lives in the big house. This
2、is my car.(1)名词短语的定义:名词短语至少是两个词两个词,名词与它的修饰语修饰语一起构成名词短语。(2)名词短语中的修饰语:一般来说,名词前面有两种修饰语两种修饰语。其一是,用来限定名词所指的范围,对名词起泛指或特指、定量或不定量等的限定修饰作用。比如冠词(a、an、the)和物主代词(my .)。 其二是,用来表示名词的性质和特征。比如yellow、big等。 (3)名词短语的功能用法:名词短语可以作、宾语或。 限定词限定词形容词形容词主语主语表语表语【应用实践】 用横线画出句子中的名词短语,并在括号里写出其充当的成分。These red roses are for you. (
3、)I have three close friends. ()He is my best friend. ()There are some red roses on that small table.(/)主语宾语表语表语宾语英文中的介词不能单独使用,其后必须接宾语,所接的宾语往往是名词短语,也可以是单个的名词。如:the bird in the tree 树上的那只鸟the development of China 中国的发展二、动词短语 (verb phrases,简称VP) Tom likes playing football. Listen! Someone is singing a
4、popular song. Mum often encourages me to study hard. He sings well.【探究总结】动词短语的功能用法:在英语中动词短语按其在句子中的功能可分为谓语动词短语和 。 是由时态、人称和数时态、人称和数来决定动词形式,是表示动作或状态的,它又可分为:实义动词、连系动词、情态动词和助动词实义动词、连系动词、情态动词和助动词四种。 就是不能作句子谓语而具有其他语法功能的动词。 非谓语动词谓语动词非谓语动词【应用实践】 单句语法填空。Ive been trying to phone Charles all evening, but there
5、must be something wrong with the network; I cant seem to get . I came my English teacher this morning while I was eating breakfast. Whats that terrible noise?The neighbours (prepare for) a party. 答案答案: : throughthroughacrossacrossare preparing forare preparing for三、 副词短语 (adverbial phrases,简称AdvP)【观
6、察思考】 She types quickly and correctly. He writes slowly but well. He runs very/extremely fast. He works much harder than Lily.(1)副词短语的定义:副词短语是指由几个副词几个副词或副词与其修饰语副词与其修饰语构成的短语。(2)副词短语的构成及功能用法:两个或多个副词可以由、but等并列连词连接,构成副词短语。 等程度副词作修饰语,可与其他副词构成副词短语。 副词短语在句中当作副词用,可以修饰、形容词或副词。andandvery/extremelyvery/extremel
7、y动词动词【应用实践】 单句语法填空。I was so moved by his deeds that I couldnt fall asleep into the night (deep). What do you think she is doing right now?She is (probable) doing nothing good. You expressed my thoughts (exact). I have seen him quite (recent). 答案答案: : deeplydeeplydeepdeepprobablyprobablyexactlyexactl
8、yrecentlyrecently四、 形容词短语 (adjective phrases,简称AdjP)【观察思考】 Your room is large and beautiful. What he said is really confusing. He is a very diligent student. My evidence would be good for nothing. We must make our country strong enough. He arrives home, hungry and tired.(1)定义:形容词短语是指由几个形容词几个形容词或形容词与
9、其修饰语形容词与其修饰语构成的短语。(2)形容词短语的构成:两个或多个形容词可以由、but等并列连词连接,构成形容词短语。 可以由really、等程度副词作修饰语,与形容词构成形容词短语。 形容词短语有时也可以由“形容词+短语”构成。 (3)形容词短语常作三种成分,即、,有时也作状语。andandveryvery介词介词表语表语定语定语宾补宾补【应用实践】 指出下列画线形容词短语所充当的成分。Anxious for a quick decision, our leader called for a vote. () She looks beautiful and smart. () You h
10、ave a small but beautiful room. () 答案答案: : 状语状语表语表语定语定语五、介词短语 (prepositional phrases,简称PrepP)【观察思考】 He has been here since Monday. The man in the room is Li Mings uncle. His face was without expression. He didnt feel at ease. I saw George at work.(1)介词短语的定义:介词不能单独作成分,它必须和其后的宾语即名词、代词、动词-ing形式、从句等一起构成
11、介词短语,才能作相关的句子成分。(2)介词短语的功能用法:介词短语作状语时最多,它还可以在句中作、和宾语补足语。表语表语定语定语【应用实践】 单句语法填空(填入适当的介词)。The professor gave a lesson how to improve soil. He has just returned abroad. Everything divides two. The police are chasing him. afterafterfromfromintointoonon一、选择题。1. Most CEOs are pretty confident people, and i
12、t would be hard to suddenly make them overwhelmingly afraid _ risk.A. with B. of C. from D. about2. Make yourself at home. People nowadays seem not to be particular_ the rules of ordering dishesA. about B. with C. in D. of3. It was a pity that the great writer died _ his works unfinished. A. for B.
13、with C. from D. of4. Most of us are more focused _ our tasks in the morning than we are later in the day. A. on B. up C. in D. with5. My uncle says that he never dreams _becoming rich in the short period of time. A. on B. of C. up D. about一、选择题。6. Being good _ something and having a passion _ it are
14、 not enough. A.at; for B. at; on C. in; for D. in; on7.It is kind _ the teachers _ support the poor students.A.for; to help B. for; helping C. of; to help D. of; helping8.If a person has not had enough sleep, his actions will give him _ during the day.A. away B. up C. in D. back9. _, it had a connec
15、tion _ the British porcelain(瓷器) industry. A.Interestingly; by B. Interestingly; with C. Interesting; by D. Interesting; to10.Oldfashioned phones matter when wireless networks _ in disasters.A.break out B. break down C. break in D. break up一、选择题。11. I was supposed _at the airport on time. _ , I was
16、late for the heavy traffic jam.A.to arrive; Fortunate B. to arrive; Fortunately B.arriving; Fortunate D. arriving; Fortunately12.On our way to the house, it was raining so hard that we couldnt help _ how long it would take _ there.A.wondering; getting B. wondering; to get C. wondered; gone D. wonder
17、; to get13. When a new day breaks, the walls have given up their heat and are now cold enough _ the house during the hot day.A.cooling B. to cool C. cooled D. be cooled14. _ over 2,200 years ago in what is now Sichuan Province in Southwest China, this _ engineering achievement is still used today. A
18、.Building; amazing B. Building; amazed C. Built; amazing D. Built; amazed15. I quickly lower myself, ducking my head to avoid _directly into his eyes so he doesnt feel challenged.A.looking B. look C. to look D. looked二、单句语法填空。1.His words remind me _ we did together.2.Traditionally，college students h
19、old _ graduation ceremony to encourage themselves before they set off on their new life journey.3.Taking on this challenge will bring you in contact _ someone who shares your interests. 4.His teacher took a deep drink, smiled _ (warm), and thanked his student very much for the sweet water. 5.This pr
20、overb is saying we have to let things go in their _ (nature) course. ofofa awithwithwarmlywarmlynaturalnaturalofofa awithwithwarmlywarmlynaturalnatural二、单句语法填空。6. They make great gifts and you see them many times _ (decorate) with red envelopes and messages of good fortune.(2020全国卷)7.Scientists have
21、 responded by _ (note) that hungry bears may be congregating (聚集) around human settlements. (2019全国卷)8. Once his message was delivered, he allowed me_ (stay) and watch.(2018全国卷)9. But unlike her school friends, 16-year-old Sarah is not spending half-term _ (rest).10.At first, the tough conditions st
22、opped many parents from _ (allow) their children to join Hus club. decorateddecoratednotingnotingto stayto stayrestingrestingallowingallowing三、语法填空。Giant pandas are black and white bears that live in temperate-zone bamboo forests in central China. Among the best recognized but 1 _ (rare) animals in
23、the world, they have come to symbolize endangered wildlife and 2 _ (conserve) efforts. The giant panda is listed 3 _endangered in the World Conservation Unions (IUCNs) Red List of Threatened Animals. It is one of the most critically endangered 4 _ ( species) in the world. There are about 1,000 5 _(l
24、eave) in the wild. species as conservation rarest left conservation 三、语法填空。About 140 pandas live in zoos and breeding centers around the world, mostly in China. Scientists are not sure how long giant pandas live in the wild, 6 _ they are sure it is shorter than lifespans in zoos. Chinese scientists 7 _ ( report) zoo pandas as old as 35 so far. 8 _ ( current), the Chinese government in conjunction with the WWF are doing all 9 _ is possible to save the giant panda. This includes further research 10 _ how to continually increase their numbers.on/into that Currently have reported but
