1、Members of a sentence句子成分句子成分 主语主语(subject) 谓语谓语(predicate) 宾语宾语(object) 定语定语(attribute) 状语状语(adverbial) 补语补语(complement) 表语表语(predicative) 同位语同位语(appositive)1. I met my best friend Tom at the station yesterday.主主语语谓谓语语定定语语宾宾语语同同位位语语状状语语Every night he heard the noise upstairs.状状语语谓谓语语主主语语宾宾语语后置后置定语定
2、语主语主语 Jane is good at playing the piano. She went out in a hurry. Four plus four is eight. To see is to believe. Smoking is bad for health. The young should respect the old. What he has said is true.To seeSmokingThe youngWhat he has said【天才知道天才知道:】_, _, _, _, _, _, _可以充当主语。可以充当主语。名词名词代词代词数词数词不定式不定式动
3、名词动名词名词短语名词短语从句从句谓语谓语 简单谓语简单谓语:由动词或动词词组组成由动词或动词词组组成 I saw the flag on the top of the hill. He looked after two orphans. 复合谓语复合谓语 由情态动词或助动词由情态动词或助动词+动词动词; He can speak English well. They didnt pass the exam. sawlooked aftercan speakdidnt pass牢记：谓语部分有自己的时态和语态牢记：谓语部分有自己的时态和语态表语表语 在系动词后的部分就是表语在系动词后的部分就是
4、表语 常见的系动词有常见的系动词有:1.be (am/is/are;was/were;been);2.感官系动词：感官系动词：3.表变化的系动词：表变化的系动词： become, get, turn, grow (tall),go (bad/mad), come (true),fall (asleep/ill)4.表状态的系动词：表状态的系动词：keep, stay, remain系动词不用于被动语态系动词不用于被动语态; 后面通常用名词或形容词做表语后面通常用名词或形容词做表语eg: The apple is tasted sweet. ( ) This idea sounds good.
5、It sounds a good idea. He looks happily.( ) tastes sweetlook/appear/seem,feel,smell,taste,sound looks happyxx1. He is a student.2. Im not quite myself today. / Its me.3. Time is precious. / The job is challenging.4. The war was over . / Are you there?5. They are to come soon.6. My job is teaching En
6、glish.7. He is out of condition. / He is at school.8. The book is what I need. 【天才知道天才知道:】系动词系动词be 后面可接后面可接_, _, _, _, _, _, _做表语。做表语。名词名词 代词代词形容词形容词 副词副词非谓语动词非谓语动词介词短语介词短语从句从句宾语宾语I like my job/it.How many new words did you learn in last class?He wanted to leave here.They enjoyed playing computer ga
7、mes.She is interested in what you saw in Beijing.【天才知道天才知道:】1.宾语通常跟在宾语通常跟在_和和 _ _的后面。的后面。 2.通常能做宾语的有：通常能做宾语的有：_, _, _, _, 和和_。及物动词及物动词(vt.)介词介词(prep.)名名 词词 代代 词词不定式不定式动名词动名词从句从句 He gave me some books. 间接宾语间接宾语 直接宾语直接宾语3.宾语可以分为直接宾语和间接宾语宾语可以分为直接宾语和间接宾语(直接宾语指直接宾语指 物，间接宾语指人物，间接宾语指人)。Please pass me the b
8、ook.I bought her some flowers.牢记常见的能接双宾语的动词：牢记常见的能接双宾语的动词：buy, bring, give, hand/pass, lend, leave(留下留下), offer, send, sell, show, tell, teach等等。等等。 vt+sb sth=vt+sth to/for sbPlease pass the book to me.I bought some flowers for her.宾语补足语宾语补足语 I found the book interesting. Do you smell something burn
9、ing? He made himself known to them. She asked me to lend her a hand. Please make yourself at home. (随便随便/不拘束不拘束) Please keep the dog out. We must keep it a secret. /I call him Dongdong. He left with his breakfast untouched.【天才知道天才知道:】_, _, _, _, _可做宾语补足语。可做宾语补足语。名词名词形容词形容词副词副词非谓语动词非谓语动词介词短语介词短语主动语态变
10、成被动语态后主动语态变成被动语态后,宾补变成主补宾补变成主补. I last saw him playing near the river.He was last seen playing near the river.The teacher caught the student cheating in the exam The student was caught cheating in the exam. We made him monitor.He was made monitor.He pushed the door open.The door was pushed open.定语定语
11、 He is a clever boy. His father works in a steel work. There are 54 students in our class. Do you know Bettys sister? He bought some sleeping pills. There is a sleeping baby in bed. His spoken language is good. I met a friend on my way home.(形容词形容词)(名词名词)(数词数词)(名词的所有格名词的所有格)(动名词动名词)(现在分词现在分词)(过去分词过去
12、分词)(副词副词)The girl in red is his sister.We have a lot of work to do.The girl standing under the tree is his daughter.Do you know the man who spoke just now?There is nothing interesting in this book.(形容词形容词)(现在分词现在分词)(介词短语介词短语)(不定式不定式)(定语从句定语从句)状语状语 用于修饰形容词用于修饰形容词,副词副词,动词动词,介词短语或句子介词短语或句子.可可表示时间表示时间,地
13、点地点,原因原因,结果结果,目的目的,方式方式,伴随伴随,条件条件,程度程度,让步让步,频率等频率等. I will be back in a while. They are playing on the playground. He was late because he got up late. He got up so late that he missed the train. I waited to see you. He often went to school by bus. His parents died, leaving him an orphan. Please call
14、 me if (it is) necessary. This book is very interesting. He went to school in spite of his illness. He always comes late to school. （八）（八）同位语同位语The news that they had won the game soon spread over the whole school.他们比赛获胜的消息很快传遍了整个学校。他们比赛获胜的消息很快传遍了整个学校。 Yesterday I met Tom, a friend of my brothers. 昨
15、天我遇到了我弟弟的朋友汤姆。昨天我遇到了我弟弟的朋友汤姆。Mr. Johnson cares for us students very much.约翰逊先生非常关心我们学生。约翰逊先生非常关心我们学生。 a friend of my brothersstudentsthat they had won the game基本句型（五种）基本句型（五种）主语主语+系动词系动词+表语（主系表）表语（主系表）(SVP) He seems to leave the country.主语主语+不及物动词不及物动词+（其他成分）（其他成分）(SV) The plane takes off at ten ocl
16、ock. / Please listen to me.主语主语+及物动词及物动词+宾语（主谓宾）宾语（主谓宾）(SVO) Who knows the answer?主语主语+及物动词及物动词+间接宾语间接宾语+直接宾语直接宾语 (SVOO) Give me a cup of tea, please.主语主语+及物动词及物动词+宾语宾语+宾补宾补 (SVOC) New methods made the job easy. Practice Everything looks different. He enjoys reading. The war made him a solider. He i
17、s growing tall and strong. Show the house to Mr. Smith. He thought that he was mistaken. My uncle bought me a dictionary. I saw a cat running across the street. The teacher asked the students to close the window. What he said does not matter. The baby smiled. SVPSVPSVSVOSVOSVOOSVOOSVOCSVOCSVOCSVTran
18、slation1.他非常喜欢流行音乐。他非常喜欢流行音乐。(主谓宾主谓宾) He likes pop music very much.2.今天，我们很累却很开心。今天，我们很累却很开心。(主系表主系表) We were/felt tired but very happy.3.你能给我提一些如何学好英语的建议吗？你能给我提一些如何学好英语的建议吗？ (主谓双宾主谓双宾) Could you give me some advice on how to learn English well?4.你将会发现这张地图非常有帮助。你将会发现这张地图非常有帮助。(主谓宾宾补主谓宾宾补) You will f
19、ind the map very helpful.5.我妹妹已经在沙发上睡了三个小时了。我妹妹已经在沙发上睡了三个小时了。(主主+vi)My sister has slept on the sofa for three hours. 6.请不要担心我们的安全。请不要担心我们的安全。 (主主+vi)Dont worry about our safety.7.我弟弟每天都骑自行车上学。我弟弟每天都骑自行车上学。(主主+vi或主或主+vt+宾宾)My brother goes to school by bike every day.My brother rides a bike to school every day.8.我想知道你什么时候娶她。我想知道你什么时候娶她。(主谓宾主谓宾)I wonder when you will marry her.9.当我们听老师讲课时应该保持安静。当我们听老师讲课时应该保持安静。(主主+vi；主系表；主系表)When we are listening to the teacher, we should keep silent.
