1、2022年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（新高考卷）D篇简译和解析（原文）Human speech contains more than 2,000 different sounds, from the common “m” and “a” to the rare clicks of some southern African languages. But why are certain sounds more common than others? A ground-breaking, five-year study shows that diet-related changes in hum
2、an bite led to new speech sounds that are now found in half the worlds languages.在人类语言的2000多种不同的声音中，为什么某些声音比其他声音更为常见？答案是，与饮食相关的人类咬合变化导致了新的语音，而这些新语音现在可以在一半的世界语言中见到。（原文）More than 30 years ago, the scholar Charles Hockett noted that speech sounds called labiodentals, such as “f” and “v”, were more comm
3、on in the languages of societies that ate softer foods. Now a team of researchers led by Damin Blasi at the University of Zurich, Switzerland, has found how and why this trend arose.三十多年前，Charles Hockett注意到，唇齿音在吃更软的食物人群的语言中更为常见。而今，Damin Blasi所领导的研究团队发现了这种趋势出现的方式和原因所在。（原文）They discovered that the upp
4、er and lower front teeth of ancient human adults were aligned (对齐), making it hard to produce labiodentals, which are formed by touching the lower lip to the upper teeth. Later, our jaws changed to an overbite structure (结构), making it easier to produce such sounds.唇齿音需上齿接触下唇，这对于上下牙齿对齐的古人而言，是很难做到的。后
5、来我们的下颌变成了上包齿结构，唇齿音的产生便变得更容易了。（原文）The team showed that this change in bite was connected with the development of agriculture in the Neolithic period. Food became easier to chew at this point. The jawbone didnt have to do as much work and so didnt grow to be so large.咬合的变化和新石器时代的农业发展相关。此时，食物咀嚼变得更容易。由于
6、不必做很多的工作，故下颌骨未能生长得如此之大。（原文）Analyses of a language database also confirmed that there was a global change in the sound of world languages after the Neolithic age, with the use of “f” and “v” increasing remarkably during the last few thousand years. These sounds are still not found in the languages of
7、 many hunter-gatherer people today.语言数据库分析也可确认新石器时代之后世界语言的语音的全球变化。其主要特征在于唇齿音“f”和“v”的显著增加。而这些语音至今仍未能在很多狩猎采集者族群中见到。（原文）This research overturns the popular view that all human speech sounds were present when human beings evolved around 300,000 years ago. “The set of speech sounds we use has not necessa
8、rily remained stable since the appearance of human beings, but rather the huge variety of speech sounds that we find today is the product of a complex interplay of things like biological change and cultural evolution,” said Steven Moran, a member of the research team.该研究推翻所有的人类语音在三十万年前人类进化时就已存在的观点。用
9、Steven Moran话语加以表述，我们使用的语音并不是从人类出现之初直到至今仍保持不变，而我们今天发现的各种各样的语音则是生物变化和文化进化等相互作用的产物。答案解析：32. Which aspect of the human speech sound does Damin Blasis research focus on?A. Its variety.B. Its distribution.C. Its quantity.D. Its development.解析：此题推理信息来源于第二第三自然段，特别是第三自然段。由Later, our jaws changed to an overb
10、ite structure (结构), making it easier to produce such sounds，可知答案选D。33. Why was it difficult for ancient human adults to produce labiodentals?A. They had fewer upper teeth than lower teeth.B. They could not open and close their lips easily.C. Their jaws were not conveniently structured.D. Their lower
11、 front teeth were not large enough.解析：此题信息仍源自于第三自然段。根据the upper and lower front teeth of ancient human adults were aligned (对齐), making it hard to produce labiodentals，另加Later, our jaws changed to an overbite structure (结构), making it easier to produce such sounds补充信息，故答案选C。34. What is paragraph 5 m
12、ainly about?A. Supporting evidence for the research results.B. Potential application of the research findings.C. A further explanation of the research methods.D. A reasonable doubt about the research process.解析：该题属于段落主旨题。根据These sounds are still not found in the languages of many hunter-gatherer peo
13、ple today，可推出正确答案A。也即，对研究结果的支持证据。35. What does Steven Moran say about the set of human speech sounds?A. It is key to effective communication.B. It contributes much to cultural diversity.C. It is a complex and dynamic system.D. It drives the evolution of human beings.解析：The set of speech sounds we use has not necessarily remained stable表达了the set of human speech sounds的dynamic。the huge variety of speech sounds that we find today is the product of a complex interplay of things表达了the set of human speech sounds的complex。故此题选C。也即，人类语音是一个复杂的动态体系。
