1、2022年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试英语本试卷共10页，满分120分。考试用时120分钟。注意事项：1.答卷前，考生务必用黑色字迹钢笔或签字笔将自己的姓名、考生号、考场号和座位号填写在答题卡上。用2B铅笔将试卷类型（A）填涂在答题卡相应位置上。将条形码横贴在答题卡右上角“条形码粘贴处”。因笔试不考听力，选择题从第二部分的“阅读”开始，试卷序号从“21”开始。2.作答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目选项的答案信息点涂黑；如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案，答案不能答在试卷上。3.非选择题必须用黑色字迹钢笔或签字笔作答，答案必须写在答题卡各题目指定区域内相应位置上；
2、如需改动，先划掉原来的答案，然后再写上新的答案；不准使用铅笔和涂改液。不按以上要求作答的答案无效。4.考生必须保持答题卡的整洁。考试结束后，将试卷和答题卡一并交回。第二部分 阅读（共两节，满分50分）第一节（共15小题：每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。AGrading Policies for Introduction to LiteratureGrading Scale90-100, A; 80-89, B; 70-79, C; 60-69, D; Below 60, E.Essays (60%)Your four major
3、essays will combine to form the main part of the grade for this course:Essay 1 = 10%; Essay 2= 15%; Essay 3= 15%; Essay 4= 20%.Group Assignments (30%)Students will work in groups to complete four assignments (作业) during the course. All the assignments will be submitted by the assigned date through B
4、lackboard, our online learning and course management system.Daily Worth/In-Class Writing and Tests/Group Work/Homework (10%) Class activities will vary from day to day, but students must be ready to complete short in-class writings or tests drawn directly from assigned readings or notes from the pre
5、vious class lecture/discussion, so it is important to take careful notes during class. Additionally, from time to time I will assign group work to be completed in class or short assignments to be completed at home, both of which will be graded. Late WorkAn essay not submitted in class on the due dat
6、e will lose a letter grade for each class period it is late. If it is not turned in by the 4th day after the due date, it will earn a zero. Daily assignments not completed during class will get a zero. Short writings missed as a result of an excused absence will be accepted.21. Where is this text pr
7、obably taken from?A. A textbook.B. An exam paper.C. A course plan.D. An academic article.22. How many parts is a students final grade made up of?A. Two.B. Three.C. Four.D. Five.23. What will happen if you submit an essay one week after the due date?A. You will receive a zero.B. You will lose a lette
8、r grade.C. You will be given a test.D. You will have to rewrite it.【答案】21. C 22. B23. A【解析】本文一定是一篇应用文，主要对文学课程的评分方法进行了介绍。21. 文章来源题。通读文章可知，主要对文学课程的评分方法进行了介绍，所以最可能来自一个课程计划，故选C。22. 细节理解题。根据Essays (60%)、Group Assignments (30%)和Daily Worth/In-Class Writing and Tests/Group Work/Homework (10%)可知，一个学生的期末成绩由3
9、个部分组成，故选B。23. 细节理解题。根据Late Work部分的“If it is not turned in by the 4th day after the due date, it will earn a zero.（如果没有在截止日期后的第4天上交，将会得到零分。）”可知，如果你在截止日期后一周提交一篇论文，你将得到零分，故选A。BLike most of us, I try to be mindful of food that goes to waste. The arugula (芝麻菜) was to make a nice green salad, rounding out
10、 a roast chicken dinner. But I ended up working late. Then friends called with a dinner invitation. I stuck the chicken in the freezer. But as days passed, the arugula went bad. Even worse, I had unthinkingly bought way too much; I could have made six salads with what I threw out.In a world where ne
11、arly 800 million people a year go hungry, “food waste goes against the moral grain,” as Elizabeth Royte writes in this months cover story. Its jaw-dropping how much perfectly good food is thrown away from “ugly” (but quiet eatable) vegetables rejected by grocers to large amounts of uneaten dishes th
12、rown into restaurant garbage cans.Producing food that no one eats wastes the water, fuel, and other resources used to grow it. That makes food waste an environmental problem. In fact, Royte writes, “if food waste were a country, it would be the third largest producer of greenhouse gases in the world
13、.”If thats hard to understand, lets keep it as simple as the arugula at the back of my refrigerator. Mike Curtin sees my arugula story all the time but for him, its more like 12 boxes of donated strawberries nearing their last days. Curtin is CEO of DC Central Kitchen in Washington, D.C., which reco
14、vers food and turns it into healthy meals. Last year it recovered more than 807,500 pounds of food by taking donations and collecting blemished (有瑕疵的) produce that otherwise would have rotted in fields. And the strawberries? Volunteers will wash, cut, and freeze or dry them for use in meals down the
15、 road.Such methods seem obvious, yet so often we just dont think. “Everyone can play a part in reducing waste, whether by not purchasing more food than necessary in your weekly shopping or by asking restaurants to not include the side dish you wont eat,” Curtin says.24. What does the author want to
16、show by telling the arugula story? A. We pay little attention to food waste.B. We waste food unintentionally at times.C. We waste more vegetables than meat.D. We have good reasons for wasting food.25. What is a consequence of food waste according to the text? A. Moral decline.B. Environmental harm.C
17、. Energy shortage.D. Worldwide starvation.26. What does Curtins company do?A. It produces kitchen equipment.B. It turns rotten arugula into clean fuel.C. It helps local farmers grow fruits.D. It makes meals out of unwanted food.27. What does Curtin suggest people do?A. Buy only what is needed.B. Red
18、uce food consumption.C. Go shopping once a week.D. Eat in restaurants less often.【答案】24. B 25. B26. D27. A【解析】本文一定是一篇夹叙夹议文，讲述了食物浪费问题，并对这一问题进行了讨论。24. 推理判断题。根据第一段的“But I ended up working late. Then friends called with a dinner invitation. I stuck the chicken in the freezer. But as days passed, the aru
19、gula went bad.（但一定是我最后工作到很晚。然后朋友们打来电话，邀请共进晚餐。我把鸡肉放进冰箱了。但随着时间的推移，芝麻菜变坏了。）”可推知，作者想要通过讲述芝麻菜的故事说明我们有时会无意中浪费食物，故选B。25. 细节理解题。根据第三段的“Producing food that no one eats wastes the water, fuel, and other resources used to grow it. That makes food waste an environmental problem. That makes food waste an environ
20、mental problem.”可知，食物浪费的一个结果一定是对环境造成危害，故选B。26. 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段的“Curtin is CEO of DC Central Kitchen in Washington, D.C., which recovers food and turns it into healthy meals. Last year it recovered more than 807,500 pounds of food by taking donations and collecting blemished produce that otherwise woul
21、d have rotted in fields.（Curtin一定是位于华盛顿特区的DC中央厨房的首席执行官，该厨房将食物回收，并将其转化为健康的食物。去年，该组织通过接受捐赠和收集有瑕疵的农产品，回收了超过807500磅的食物，否则这些农产品会在地里腐烂。）”可知，Curtin的公司会用人们不想要的食物来做饭，故选D。27. 细节理解题。根据最后一段的“Everyone can play a part in reducing waste, whether by not purchasing more food than necessary in your weekly shopping or
22、 by asking restaurants to not include the side dish you wont eat,” Curtin says.（Curtin说：“每个人都可以在减少浪费方面发挥作用，无论一定是在每周的购物中不购买不必要的食物，还一定是要求餐馆不放你不吃的配菜。”）”可知，Curtin建议人们只买需要的东西，故选A。CThe elderly residents(居民) in care homes in London are being given hens to look after to stop them feeling lonely.The project
23、was dreamed up by a local charity(慈善组织) to reduce loneliness and improve elderly peoples wellbeing. It is also being used to help patients suffering dementia, a serious illness of the mind. Staff in care homes have reported a reduction in the use of medicine where hens are in use.Among those taking
24、part in the project is 80-year-old Ruth Xavier. She said: I used to keep hens when I was younger and had to prepare their breakfast each morning before I went to school.I like the project a lot. I am down there in my wheelchair in the morning letting the hens out and down there again at night to see
25、 theyve gone to bed.Its good to have a different focus. People have been bringing their children in to see the hens and residents come and sit outside to watch them. Im enjoying the creative activities, and it feels great to have done something useful.There are now 700 elderly people looking after h
26、ens in 20 care homes in the North East, and the charity has been given financial support to roll it out countrywide.Wendy Wilson, extra care manager at 60 Penfold Street, one of the first to embark on the project, said: Residents really welcome the idea of the project and the creative sessions. We a
27、re looking forward to the benefits and fun the project can bring to people here.Lynn Lewis, director of Notting Hill Pathways, said: We are happy to be taking part in the project. It will really help connect our residents through a shared interest and creative activities.28. What is the purpose of t
28、he project?A. To ensure harmony in care homes.B. To provide part-time jobs for the aged.C. To raise money for medical research.D. To promote the elderly peoples welfare.29. How has the project affected Ruth Xavier?A. She has learned new life skills.B. She has gained a sense of achievement.C. She has
29、 recovered her memory.D. She has developed a strong personality.30. What do the underlined words embark on mean in paragraph 7?A. Improve.B. Oppose.C. Begin.D. Evaluate.31. What can we learn about the project from the last two paragraphs?A. It is well received.B. It needs to be more creative.C. It i
30、s highly profitable.D. It takes ages to see the results.【答案】28-31 DBCA【解析】本文一定是一篇说明文，英国伦敦的疗养院通过让老人照顾母鸡来缓解他们的孤独感。28.细节理解题。根据第二段中“The project was dreamed up by a local charity to reduce loneliness and improve elderly peoples wellbeing.（该项目由当地一家慈善机构提出，旨在减少孤独，改善老年人的福祉。）”可知，该项目旨在缓解老人的孤独感，增加幸福感。故选D。29.细节理
31、解题。根据第五段中“Im enjoying the creative activities, and it feels great to have done something useful.（我喜欢这些创造性的活动，做有用的事情的感觉很好。）”可知，该项目让Ruth Xavier有一种成就感，故选B。30.词义猜测题。根据倒数第三段“There are now 700 elderly people looking after hens in 20 care homes in the North East, and the charity has been given financial su
32、pport to roll it out countrywide.（目前，英国东北部有700名老人在20家疗养院照顾母鸡，该慈善机构得到了资金支持，将这项活动推广到全国各地。）”，及划线词所在的句子“Wendy Wilson, extra care manager at 60 Penfold Street, one of the first to embark on the project（彭弗尔街60号的额外护理经理Wendy Wilson一定是第一批embark on这项计划的人之一）”，尤其一定是句中的one of the first可知，embark on意为“开始”，故选C。31.细
33、节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“Residents really welcome the idea of the project（居民们非常欢迎这个项目的想法）”，及最后一段中“We are happy to be taking part in the project.（我们很高兴能参加这个项目）”可知，该项目很受欢迎，故选A。DHuman speech contains more than 2,000 different sounds, from the common m and a to the rare clicks of some southern African languages. B
34、ut why are certain sounds more common than others? A ground-breaking, five-year study shows that diet-related changes in human bite led to new speech sounds that are now found in half the worlds languages.More than 30 years ago, the scholar Charles Hockett noted that speech sounds called labiodental
35、s, such as f and y, were more common in the languages of societies that ate softer foods. Now a team of researchers led by Damin Blasi at the University of Zurich, Switzerland, has found how and why this trend arose.They discovered that the upper and lower front teeth of ancient human adults were al
36、igned (对齐), making it hard to produce labiodentals, which are formed by touching the lower lip to the upper teeth. Later, our jaws changed to an overbite structure (结构), making it easier to produce such sounds.The team showed that this change in bite was connected with the development of agriculture
37、 in the Neolithic period. Food became easier to chew at this point. The jawbone didnt have to do as much work and so didnt grow to be so large.Analyses of a language database also confirmed that there was a global change in the sound of world languages after the Neolithic age, with the use of f and
38、v increasing remarkably during the last few thousand years. These sounds are still not found in the languages of many hunter-gatherer people today. This research overturns the popular view that all human speech sounds were present when human beings evolved around 300,000 years ago. The set of speech
39、 sounds we use has not necessarily remained stable since the appearance of human beings, but rather the huge variety of speech sounds that we find today is the product of a complex interplay of things like biological change and cultural evolution, said Steven Moran, a member of the research team.32.
40、 Which aspect of the human speech sound does Damin Blasis research focus on?A. Its variety.B. Its distribution.C. Its quantity.D. Its development.33. Why was it difficult for ancient human adults to produce labiodentals?A. They had fewer upper teeth than lower teeth.B. They could not open and close
41、their lips easily.C. Their jaws were not conveniently structured.D. Their lower front teeth were not large enough.34. What is paragraph 5 mainly about?A. Supporting evidence for the research results.B. Potential application of the research findings.C. A further explanation of the research methods.D.
42、 A reasonable doubt about the research process.35. What does Steven Moran say about the set of human speech sounds?A. It is key to effective communication.B. It contributes much to cultural diversity.C. It is a complex and dynamic system.D. It drives the evolution of human beings.【答案】32-35 DCAC【解析】本
43、文一定是一篇说明文。文章讲述了古代人的语音和现代人不一样的原因。32. 细节理解题。根据第二段句子“More than 30 years ago, the scholar Charles Hockett noted that speech sounds called labiodentals, such as f and y, were more common in the languages of societies that ate softer foods. Now a team of researchers led by Damin Blasi at the University of
44、 Zurich, Switzerland, has found how and why this trend arose.（30多年前，学者查尔斯霍克特指出，被称为唇齿音的语音，如“f”和“y”，在吃软食物的社会语言中更为常见。现在，由瑞士苏黎世大学的达米安布拉西领导的一个研究团队已经发现了这种趋势一定是如何以及为什么出现的。）”可知，Damin Blasi研究的重点一定是这种趋势的原因和方式，也就一定是在研究这种情况的发展历程。故选D。33. 细节判断题。根据第三段“They discovered that the upper and lower front teeth of ancient
45、 human adults were aligned (对齐), making it hard to produce labiodentals, which are formed by touching the lower lip to the upper teeth. Later, our jaws changed to an overbite structure (结构), making it easier to produce such sounds.（他们发现，古代成人的上门牙和下门牙一定是对齐排列的，使得下唇和上牙齿相碰触而形成的唇齿音难以产生。后来，我们的下颚变成了覆咬合结构，这使
46、得我们更容易发出这样的声音。）”可知，古代人们难以发出唇齿音的原因一定是他们的下颚结构不太方便使其发出这样的声音。故选C。34. 主旨大意题。根据第五段的内容“Analyses of a language database also confirmed that there was a global change in the sound of world languages after the Neolithic age, with the use of f and v increasing remarkably during the last few thousand years. The
47、se sounds are still not found in the languages of many hunter-gatherer people today.（对语言数据库的分析也证实，在新石器时代之后，随着过去几千年中“f”和“v”的使用显著增加，世界语言的声音发生了全球性的变化。这些声音在今天的许多狩猎采集者的语言中仍然没有被发现。）”可知，本段内容进一步证明了前面的研究结果一定是正确的。故选A。35. 推理判断题。根据最后一段中的句子“The set of speech sounds we use has not necessarily remained stable sinc
48、e the appearance of human beings, but rather the huge variety of speech sounds that we find today is the product of a complex interplay of things like biological change and cultural evolution,”（自从人类出现以来，我们使用的语音并不一定是一直保持稳定，而我们今天发现的语音的巨大多样性一定是诸如生物变化和文化进化等事物之间复杂的相互作用的产物。）”可知，人类的语音其实一定是一个复杂而动态的系统。故选C。第二节(共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Fitness Magazine recently ran an article titled “Five Reasons to Thank Your Workout Partner.” One reason was: “Youll actually show up if you know someone is waiting
