1、 Lesson 1 A puma at large 逃遁的美洲狮【New words and expressions】 生词和短语puma n. 美洲狮spot v. 看出，发现evidence n. 证据accumulate v. 积累，积聚oblige v. 使感到必须hunt n. 追猎；寻找blackberry n. 黑莓human being 人类corner v. 使走投无路，使陷入困境trail n. 一串，一系列print n. 印痕cling (
2、clung, clung ) v. 粘convince v.使信服somehow adv. 不知怎么搞地，不知什么原因disturb v. 令人不安学习词汇时仅知道汉语语义是不够的，要把单词放在语句中体会其应用学习关键句型结构时则要把它放在段落结构或文章里spot v. 看出，发现pick out / see / recognize / catch sight of eg: A tall man is easy to spot in the crowd.He has good eye for spotting mistakes. 他有
3、敏锐的识别错误的能力。spot(做动词时候) = see:强调结果、辨别出、看见、识别、发现。find 强调发现的结果。find out 查出事实真相。discover 做出重大发现notice 注意到observe 观察watch 观察活动中的人或画面 spot n. 斑点eg: There is a white spot on the shirt.on the spot 1,立刻，马上（at once, immediately ）Anyone breaking the rules will be asked to leave on the spot.2,at the place of th
4、e action 在现场Wherever she is needed , she is quickly on the spot.evidence un. 证据When the police arrived, he had already destroyed the evidence.evidence=proofin evidence:显而易见的.He was in evidence at the party.evidently adv.evident adj.accumulate vt,vi. 积累，积聚accumulate 强调积累的过程As the evidence accum
5、ulates, experts from the zoo felt obliged to investigate.gather vt. 聚集，把某人召集在某处collect 收集，采集assemble 集合，集会， vt. 装配hoard 大量地贮存The squirrel hoards up nuts for the cold winter.hoard up= store upamass 积聚（主要用于诗歌和文学作品）oblige v. 使感到必须feel obliged to do sth.感觉有必要做某事be obliged to do sth 被迫做
6、某事hunt n. 追猎；寻找run after 强调追赶、追求.seek 追寻（梦想，理想） = pursuechase 追赶.hunt forsearch 搜寻某处为了寻找到某人或某物corner v. 使走投无路，使陷入困境corner n. 角落 at the corner of the street in the corner of the room on the corner of the deskbe cornered 被逼得走投无路常用于被动语态：The thief was cornered at last.The problem corne
7、red me.这个问题把我难例了。trail n. 一串，一系列trail=follow vt. 跟踪eg: The police trailed the criminal to the place where he was hiding.cling (clung, clung ) v. 粘eg: She is always clinging to her mother.He clung to the hope that he would succeed.(抱有，怀有)stick 粘住 stick to 坚持 sticky adj. 粘的convince vt. 使信服convin
8、ce sb. of sth 使sb相信sth和宾语从句that 搭配使用没有宾语的情况下要采用主系表结构：be convincedsb be convicned sb相信somehow adv. 不知怎么搞地，不知什么原因by some means, in some way, for some reason unknownsomewhat =a littledisturb v. 令人不安 disturbing adj. 令人不安的disturbed 感到不安的surprising 令人吃惊的surprised 感到吃惊的exciting 令人激
9、动的excited 感到激动的【Text】 Lesson 1 A puma at large 逃遁的美洲狮listen to the tape then answer the question below. 听录音, 然后回答以下问题. Where must the puma have come from?Pumas are large, cat-like animals which are found in America. When reports came into London Zoo that a wild puma had been spotted forty-five
10、 miles south of London, they were not taken seriously. However, as the evidence began to accumulate, experts from the Zoo felt obliged to investigate, for the descriptions given by people who claimed to have seen the puma were extraordinarily similar. The hunt for the puma began in a small village w
11、here a woman picking blackberries saw 'a large cat' only five yards away from her. It immediately ran away when she saw it, and experts confirmed that a puma will not attack a human being unless it is cornered. The search proved difficult, for the puma was often observed at one place in the
12、morning and at another place twenty miles away in the evening. Wherever it went, it left behind it a trail of dead deer and small animals like rabbits. Paw prints were seen in a number of places and puma fur was found clinging to bushes. Several people complained of 'cat-like noises' at nigh
13、t and a businessman on a fishing trip saw the puma up a tree. The experts were now fully convinced that the animal was a puma, but where had it come from? As no pumas had been reported missing from any zoo in the country, this one must have been in the possession of a private collector and somehow m
14、anaged to escape. The hunt went on for several weeks, but the puma was not caught. It is disturbing to think that a dangerous wild animal is still at large in the quiet countryside.【课文讲解】at large 1：逃遁的，没有被控制的。2：详细的(in detail)3：总体来讲（as a whole）在英文的表达方式中，首先呈现给读者的是结果。写议论文的时候要注意把握观点eg: Pandas are large
15、cat-like animals which are found in Asia.life-like 栩栩如生的一般来讲定语从句和同位语从句紧随在被修饰名词后面，但为了保持句子平衡，也可以把谓语动词放到从句之前定语从句只是对于被修饰词的补充说明、修饰。同位语从句则是讲述被修饰名词的内容定语从句的引导词： 指人：主语 who; 宾语 who/whom; 定语 whose 表达事物：that(也可指人)/ which 时间状语：when; 地点状语：where; 原因状语： why同位语从句：名词做主语、宾语时，关系词用that 而不是which 时
16、间 when; 地点 whereeg: An idea came to her that she might do the experiment in another way.I have no idea what has happened to him.定语从句中没有what 这个关系词，但它可以引导同位语从句(An idea)come to sb.某人突然想到了take sth. seriously=deal with sth. seriously 认真（严肃）对待某事take sth. lightly: 草率对待某事as 随着过去分词做定语声称曾经作过某事： &
17、nbsp;claim to have done sthI still remember the school where I studied English.confirm: be sure, be certainsearch=hunt把某物留在后面：leave behindWherever he went, the wound soldier left behind him a trail of blood.伤员所到之处，都留下道道血迹。英文的表达方式重点在于突出客观事实，而中文则善于运用动作的执行者complain of / about :抱怨on + 名词：强调动作正在进行on the
18、rise:在上升on the increase: 在增加on the watch: 在观看on the match:在比赛中on the fishing trip:在钓鱼的途中on holiday: 在度假fully: completely, entirely in the possession of sb=in sb's possession 归某人所有in possession of sth. 拥有某物take possession of 拥有eg: The beautiful car is in my posse
19、ssion / in the possession of me.I am in possession of the beautiful car.The person in possession of the big house is excited.It is disturbing to think that 一想到就心里不安eg: It is disturbing to think that I felt my examination.熟读并背诵第一自然段总结：at largetake sth. seriouslycling toleave behindcomplain ofin the p
20、ossession of / in possession offeel obliged to investigatea woman picking blackberriesa businessman on a fishing tripgo on several weeksin the quiet countryside【Exercises】A. Complete these sentences by adding a suitable word to the end of each one:1 What are you looking &n
21、bsp; ?2 Where is your mother going ?3 Whom has the letter been sent ?4 This is the house I was born ?5 What does your decision depend ?key: 1 at / for 2 to &n
22、bsp;3 to 4 in 5 onB. Write these sentences again changing the position of the words in italics. Where possible, omit the words whom or which.1 He is the man about whom we have heard so much.2 The shelf on which you put those books has collapsed.3 From whom did you
23、 receive a letter?4 This is the road by which we came.5 Where is the pencil with which you were playing?key:1 He is the man we have heard so much.2 The shelf you put those books has collapsed.3 whom did you receive a letter from?4 This is the road we came by.5 &nb
24、sp;Where is the pencil you were playing?注意：3 whom不能省略 定语从句中which以及指代人的做宾语的whom, 在非正式用法当中可以省略。省略时，介词不能前置到关系代词whom,which前，只能用于非固定的动词短语后面。以look 为例 look at: 注视 look for: 寻找 介词不能前置 live in: 居住 介词可以前置eg: This is the old house in which he lived. / This is the old house he lived in【Mult
25、iple choice questions】多项选择题 P171. Experts eventually decided to investigate .a. because they did not believe that pumas existed in England.b. because they wanted a puma for the London Zoo.c. when a woman saw a puma in a small village.d. because peoples descriptions of the puma h
26、ad a lot in common.要求陈述原因：1 Din common-similar2. What particular piece of evidence persuaded the experts that a puma had been seen in the village?a. The puma had not attacked the woman. b. The woman had described the animal she had seen as a large cat.c. A puma had come very close to a human b
27、eing.d. The puma had behaved like a cat. A 只是一个具体的特定的事例，阅读理解题的时候要把握中心大意 B large cat 关键性用词 2. BPumas are large, cat-like animals which are found in America.3. What was the problem the experts were unable to solve?a. How the puma had managed to cover such great distances within a day.b. How the
28、puma had escaped from a zoo.c. Whom the puma had belonged to.d. How the puma had climbed a tree.A 文章中未提到3 C做理解题时要紧扣主题，紧扣中心大意文章最后一句话总结了大意：It is disturbing to think that a dangerous wild animal is still at large in the quiet countryside.句型结构题和词汇题是关键4. The accumulating evidence made the experts
29、 the animal was a puma. (lines 4-6)a. to think b. thinking c. think d. thoughtmake-make sb. do, be made to do主动语态中不定式to的符号应该省略被动语态中不定式to的符号必须补充完整5 People said the puma.(lines 5-6)a. to have seen b. to see c. they saw &nbs
30、p; d. they had seen把say改成claim-People claimed to have seen the puma.5. D-清楚的道明了动作发生的先后关系6 , it immediately ran away. (lines 8-9)a. Observing her b. On being observed c. Having been observed d. On her being observed与原句中的when意思要一致，when
31、引导的时间状语从句表示一结构形式和as soon as 相一致的如果用主动： On observing her, it immediately ran away.On seeing me, he waved to me.6B7 Pumas never attack a human being except cornered.(lines 9)a. they are b. being c. that they are d. when they are原句中unles-ifnot / except on
32、the condition thatwhen=ifexcept可以和名词/名词性从句进行搭配，也可以是when / if 引导的从句形式。7 D8 The experts were now fully convinced that the animal a puma. (lines 13-14)a. must be b. should have been c. can only be d. could only have been must be 只是对客观现实的推测，时态不一致8 D情态动词表达推测
33、的语意概念时，对于过去事实推测一定要用于情态动词have以及过去分词形式进行搭配。9 The woman saw a large cat five yards away from her.(lines 7-8)a. at least b. four or c. no more than d. withinno more than = only within = not more than9. C10 A puma will not attack a human being unless it feels
34、 itself to be .(line 9)a. in a corner b. in a trap c. at an angle d. under coverin a corner 表示处于困境、尴尬的境地in a trap 表示落于陷阱中at an angle 表示弯曲的、不直的10 B11 A businessman on a fishing trip is probably someone who .(line 13)a. sells fi
35、sh b. fishes for pleasure c. nets fish d. earns his living as a fisherman fishes for pleasure 钓鱼为了游玩12 A private collector is a man who collects .(lines 15-16)a. for his own benefit b. on his own c. in private d.
36、 unknown to the public12 Aon his own = alone Lesson 2 Thirteen equals one 十三等于一【New words and expressions】 生词和短语equal v. 等于raise v. 募集；筹（款）vicar n. 牧师torchlight n.电筒光equal v. 等于A equal B与 相匹敌 None of us can equal her, either in beauty or as a dancer.eg:Mary is quite equal to John in brain
37、s.be equal to + n: 1. 与相匹敌2. 有能力做某事 to- 介词eg: I am equal to running the company.raise v. 募集；筹（款） raise money 筹款 raise price 提高 raise a horse饲养 raise a family 供养 raise wheet 种植小麦 raise an army 招募 raise a shout 发出喊声vicar n. 牧师torchligh
38、t n.电筒光【Text】 Lesson 2 Thirteen equals one 十三等于一Our vicar is always raising money for one cause or another, but he has never managed to get enough money to have the church clock repaired. The big clock which used to strike the hours day and night was damaged many years ago and has been silent ever s
39、ince. One night, however, our vicar woke up with a start: the clock was striking the hours! Looking at his watch, he saw that it was one o'clock, but the bell struck thirteen times before it stopped. Armed with a torch, the vicar went up into the clock tower to see what was going on. In the torc
40、hlight, he caught sight of a figure whom he immediately recognized as Bill Wilkins, our local grocer.'Whatever are you doing up here Bill ?' asked the vicar in surprise.' I'm trying to repair the bell,' answered Bill.' I've been coming up here night after night for weeks
41、now. You see, I was hoping to give you a surprise.''You certainly did give me a surprise!' said the vicar. 'You've probably woken up everyone in the village as well. Still, I'm glad the bell is working again.''That's the trouble, vicar,' answered Bill. 'It
42、's working all right, but I'm afraid that at one o'clock it will strike thirteen times and there's nothing I can do about it.''We'll get used to that, Bill,' said the vicar. 'Thirteen is not as good as one, but it's better than nothing. Now let's go downst
43、airs and have a cup of tea.'【课文讲解】现在进行时和always 等频度副词的搭配表示说话人带有的情感色彩Tom is always doing homework.Tom is always does his homework.He is always making noises.one or another 表示某种、这样或那样get enough money 筹集足够的资金来做某事I have to get enough money to have my house repaired.have the church clock repaired-have
44、 sth. done 找某人来做某事have the plane repaired have hair cut某人所遭受到的意外某种情况-主语必须是发出动作的人His wallet was stolen. He had his wallet stolen.used to:过去常常做，而现在不再发生的事情了He used to smoke every day.however 用于口语，主要用于句首，作文中，最好用在句中、句尾，要用逗号分隔开来He said that it was so, he was mistake, however.or: He said that i
45、t was so, however, he was mistake.I know his story, however, I wouldnt like to tell you.I know his story, I, however, wouldnt like to tell you.however 可用nevertheless nonetheless 替换start: 惊跳、惊奇Eg: The voice made him start.What a start you give me.你真吓了我一跳He stood up with a start.before 才Nearly a
46、 week past before he could explain what had happen to him.Armed with a torch现在分词和过去分词的用法 looking分词做状语/定语时，一定要注意它和逻辑主语要呼应一致In the torchlight非正式用语中whom可以省略掉recognized sb as 认出某人是 regard sb as, think of sb as, treat sb as(把某人对待为), have on sb as（把某人尊敬为）whatever: ever用来加强语气night after night 一
47、夜连着一夜 day after day / year after year / week after week / bus after busyou certainly did give medid 肯定句中常用do, did, does 加强语气和情感色彩，一定要位于动词原形之前。Eg: You do like beauty today.as well用在句尾相当于too, 主要用在肯定句中，但比too所表达的语意更优秀still用于句首，用逗号分隔开来，表达一个转折的关系。虽然如此，但是get used to , be used to do, be accustomed to,
48、 get accustomed to 都表示习惯于get强调渐进的过程，be强调习惯了的状态 Eg: We are used to the cold weather here.You will get used to the cold weather here.你很快会适应这寒冷的天气的。【Special difficulties】P20In 1prep 表达惊奇，恐惧，失望或生气等感情色彩的名词搭配连用,在句中起状语的作用 in surprise; in astonishment; in alarm; in embarrassment; in amazement;
49、 in despair; in dismay; in anger; in disappointment 2prep表达以、用: 用于语言，书写材料，色彩或声音等方面 in English; in pencil; in ink; in a few words; in such a high voice; in oil; in red; in code 3,用于状态、情况或处境 in trouble; in difficulty; in bed; in a hurry; in debt; in love with sb; in tears;
50、in good order; in good repair; in good health; in por health; in the bad mood; in the good mood; in haste; in a favor of excitement; in poverty; in luxury【Exercise】Use a phrase with in in place of the words in italics1 I left home very quickly so as not to miss the train.2 I suppose I shall finish this eventually.3 In the early morning there was not a person to be seen.4 Shall I write with a pen or with apencil?5 They havent many interests which they share.6 Why is that little girl crying?key: 1 in
