1、Lesson 51 Reward for Virtue 对美德的奖赏对美德的奖赏 reward n.报偿报偿（1）n.报酬、奖赏、酬谢、赏金 He received a medal in reward for his bravery.他因表现勇敢而获得了一枚奖章.A 10-million reward has been offered for the capture of Bin Laden.悬赏一千万美元捉拿宾拉登。He worked hard without（any）hope of reward.他辛勤工作,但却不期待得到报酬。（2）v.给予报酬，酬谢，报答 Is this how you
2、 reward me for my help？你就这样报答我对你的帮助吗?You will be fully rewarded with all your efforts.你所有的努力都将得到充分的回报。I will reward you later.以后我会报答你。rewarding adj.报酬的,有益的,值得的 a rewarding experience一次富有价值的经历 give sb.reward 给报偿 reward sb.with sth.用奖赏.reward sb.for sth.因为给某人奖赏 reward him for the first prize virtue n.
3、美德美德（1）美德、善、清高（反：vice 恶行，缺德行为）a man of virtue有德之人 Honesty is a virtue.诚实是一种美德。Virtue is its own reward.(谚)做好事即乐在其中.（2）优点、长处 strongpoints n.长处，merit n.优点 shortpoints n.短处，weak points 弱点 advantage n.优势，disadvantage n.劣势 The big class has the virtue of making more friends.大量的美德使能交更多的朋友。My room has virt
4、ue of being warm even in winter.我的房间有个好处即使是冬天也很温暖。virtual adj.v:tjul 实质的,实际上的 Our deputy manager is the virtual head of the business.我们的副经理是公司的实际负责人.diet n.节食节食（1）节食 go on a diet be on a diet 实行节食 lose weight 减重 put on weight gain weight 增胖（2）（日常的）饮食 a balanced diet 均衡的饮食；diet sheet（病人的）规定食谱 forbid
5、v.禁止禁止,不许不许 同义词：prohibit,disallow,bar,ban 反义词：permit,allow forbid+n./doing Who can forbid our marriage？Smoking is forbidden in this building.forbid sb 禁止某人.If you want to go,I cant forbid you.如果你想去，我不能阻止你。forbid sb to do.禁止某人做某事 My father forbad me to watch television.我的父亲就禁止我看电视。It is forbidden to
6、smoke in this room.（No Smoking）在这个房间禁止吸烟。forbidden adj.（被）禁止的 forbidden ground 禁区 the Forbidden City 故宫,紫禁城 hurriedly adv.匆忙地、草率地匆忙地、草率地 hurried adj.仓促的,慌忙的；a hurried trip 匆忙之旅 a hurried meal 匆忙吃了顿饭 hurriedly adv.hridli匆忙地；speak hurriedly 匆促地讲 hurry v.匆忙,催促,赶紧 Dont hurry.不要急。Hurry up.快点 With this,th
7、e woman hurried away/off.说完了，该女子匆匆离去。He hurried home.他匆匆赶回家。He hurried to school.他急忙赶到学校。hurry to+地点：匆忙赶到某地 He hurried back to his office.他急忙赶回他的办公室。They hurried into the car.他们急忙上车。embarrass v.使尴尬使尴尬 Your sharp words embarrassed him a lot.你尖酸的话令他很难堪。Dont embarrass them by asking/with personal quest
8、ions.不要问他们令人难堪的个人问题。She was embarrassed by his loud laughter.他的大笑令她感到尴尬。embarrassing adj.令人困惑的、尴尬的 embarrassed adj.感到困惑的、尴尬的 It was obvious that he was very embarrassed.显然他感到很窘。financially embarrassed short of money 囊中羞涩、经济受窘 embarrassment n.窘迫；困惑；为难 guiltily adv.内疚地内疚地 guilt（1）责任、罪行、罪状 Guilt was wr
9、itten all over her face.她在脸上写满了内疚。establish the suspects guilt 证实嫌疑犯有罪 He denied his guilt.他否认自己有罪。He confessed his guilt.他承认自己有罪。（2）不安、内疚 feeling of guilt 内疚感、罪恶感 guilty gilti adj.有罪的,内疚的 guiltless（innocent,clear）adj.不熟悉.的,无罪的 I feel guilty because I have no money to lend you.因为我没有钱借给你感到内疚。Not guil
10、ty.裁决某人 无罪.The boys were guilty of theft.男孩子们犯了盗窃罪。guiltily adv.She smiled guiltily as she saw me.当她看见我时她尴尬地笑。strict adj.严格的、严厉的严格的、严厉的（1）adj.严格地、严厉的 be strict with sb 对某人严厉 be strict in sth 对某事严厉 be strict in ones work/study 对工作/学习严格 First of all,you must be strict with yourself.首先，你必须严格要求自己。a stri
11、ct teacher 一位严格的老师；strict rules 严格的规定（2）adj.严密地、正确地 the strict truth 确凿的事实、绝对真实 in the strict sense 严格说来 strictly adv.严格地,完全地 Strictly speaking,you are not fit for your job.严格来说，你是不适合这份工作。Smoking is strictly prohibited.严禁吸烟、吸菸被严格地禁止。occasionally adv.偶尔地偶尔地 同义词：sometimes,now and then,once in a while
12、I occasionally go to the movies with him.我偶尔和他去看电影。occasional adj.偶而的 occasional visits 偶尔的拜访 Well have occasional snow during the night.晚上偶而会下一阵雪。occasion n.时刻，场合；盛会；时机；起因 vt.引起 on one occasion一次；on another occasion 另一次 on this/that occasion 在 这种/那种 场合 Its always the same on this kind of occasions.
13、在这种场合总是这样的。He has had few occasions to speak French.他很少有机会讲法语。My friend,Hugh,has always been fat,but things got so bad recently that he decided to go on a diet.so that 如此以致；结果使，以致 I ran so fast that Id got a pain in my side.so as to do 到做某事的程度 She was so kind as to help the old lady off the bus.deci
14、de to do sth 决定做某事 go on a diet 节食 He began his diet a week ago.First of all,he wrote out a long list of all the foods which were forbidden.first of all 首先 First of all she just smiled,and then she started to laugh.最初她只是微笑,后来才放声大笑.write out 全部写出 a list of 一张的清单、一份名单 list n.列表；清单；目录列表；清单；目录 put a per
15、sons name on the list 把列入名单 take a persons name off the list 把除名 list price n.订价,价目表所列之价格、标价 v.列出；计入名单内列出；计入名单内 My name is not listed in the telephone directory.我的名字没有被列在电话簿里。The list included most of the things Hugh loves:butter,potatoes,rice,beer,milk,chocolate;and sweets.include v.包括，把列入（做为整体的一部分
16、），主语可能是人或物，在意义上与 put in 相似。I included eggs in the list of things to buy.我将蛋列入了要买的物品单 contain 包含，容纳，.的里面有或装着，始终表示在某个容器或物体之内，通常与 there is/are in 的结构互换，不能用进行时。He included a lot of funny stories in his speech.His speech contained a lot of funny stories.Yesterday I paid him a visit.pay sb a visit visit s
17、b pay for 补偿，受的报应 Youll have to pay for your selfishness some day.有一天你将会为你的的自私付出代价 为.付款 Now you can pay for my dinner.现在你可以替我付饭钱了 pay back 偿还；回报，向报复 He paid back his debts.他偿还了借款 I rang the bell and was not surprised to see that Hugh was still as fat as ever.ring vi./vt.The telephone rang just now.（
18、vi.）I rang the bell.（vt.）as fat as ever 原句：as fat as he ever was 状语从句 He led me into his room and hurriedly hid a large parcel under his desk.lead v.show the way,especially by going in front 给.指路，领路 lead sb.to someplace 带领某人去某地 He led/showed the guest into his study.Ill show you around.我会带你四处看看。lead
19、 sb.into 进门 show sb.out 出门 see sb.off 送行 It was obvious that he was very embarrassed.When I asked him what he was doing,he smiled guiltily and then put the parcel on the desk.It was obvious that.显然易见的 He explained that his diet was so strict that he had to reward himself occasionally.so that 如此以致；结果
20、使，以致 reward oneself 奖赏自己奖赏自己 Then he showed me the contents of the parcel.show sb.sth=show sth.to sb.向某人展示某物向某人展示某物 He showed me his photographs.=He showed his photographs to me.You must show your ticket at the barrier.必须在检票处出示票.barrier bri n.栅栏，关卡，检票口；障碍，隔阂；屏障 It contained five large bars of chocol
21、ate and three bags of sweets!bar n.条 a bar of chocolate a bar of soap n.一块肥皂 酒吧 barmaid n.酒吧女招待 barman bartender n.酒吧的侍者;酒保 （法庭上将法官囚犯，律师等与听众隔开的）栏杆 behind bars 在狱中 不可数名词，表示”一个”概念时，需加a bar of 类似的定语：a piece of news 一条新闻；an item of news 一则消息、一条新闻 a piece of work 一份工作；a burst of applause 一阵掌声Special Diff
22、iculties 1、raise及物动词/rise:不及物动词,不能加宾语:它们的区别不在于意思,而在于词性 That boy always raises his hand when I ask a question.我问问题时、那男孩总是举起手。I always rise at six oclock.我总是6点起床 After the concert,everybody rose and clapped.演唱会结束后，大家起立，鼓掌 The sun has just risen.太阳刚刚升起。2、lay:及物动词/lie不及物动词:lay the egg/lie in bed Lay tho
23、se parcels on the floor,please.请把那些包放在上 Havent you laid the table yet？还没把桌子摆好吗？I lay in bed till 10 oclock last Sunday morning.The children are playing a game.Theyve all just lain on the grass.3、beat后面接对手 win不能接对手:I beat you.Arsenal beat Manchester United last Saturday.上星期六阿森纳队击败曼联队。Arsenal won the game.阿森纳队赢得了比赛。
